LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Class 

6 


:L_A. 


CHECK-LIST 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS 


PREPARED  BY  A  COMMITTEE 


OF    THE 


American  Ornithologists'  Union 


THIRD  EDITION  (REVISED) 


Zoological  Nomenclature  is  a  means,  not  an  end,  of  Zoological  Science 


NEW  YORK 

AMERICAN  ORNITHOLOGISTS'  UNION 
1910 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 3 

PREFACE  TO  THIRD  EDITION .  7 

PREFACE  TO  SECOND  EDITION 15 

PREFACE  TO  FIRST  EDITION        .......  19 

CHECK-LIST 21 

I.     PYGOPODES 21 

a.  Colymbi          .........        f  21 

1.  Colymbidae 21 

b.  Cepphi            24 

2.  Gaviidae 24 

3.  Alcidae            25 

II.       LONGIPENNES 33 

4.  Stercorariidse 33 

5.  Laridse 35 

6.  Rynchopidae 48 

III.      TUBINARES                  48 

7.  Diomedeidae 48 

8.  Procellariidse 50 

IV.     STEGANOPODES      ..........  59 

9.  Phaethontidae 59 

10.  Sulidse 60 

11.  Anhingidse 61 

12.  Phalacrocoracidae 62 

13.  Pelecanidae 64 

14.  Fregatid® 65 

V.     ANSERES 66 

15.  Anatidae 66 

VI.     ODONTOGLOSS.E 90 

16.  Phoenicopteridae 90 

VII.   HERODIONES 91 

c.  Ibides 91 

17.  Plataleidae 91 

18.  Ibididse  91 


21C159 


4  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

d.  Ciconiae 93 

19.  Ciconiidae 93 

e.  Herodii           ..........  94 

20.  Ardeidse 94 

VIII.     PALUDICOL^S 100 

/.     Grues 100 

21.  Gruidse 101 

22.  Aramidae 101 

g.     Ralli 101 

23.  Rallidae       .         .         . 101 

IX.     LIMICOI^E 107 

24.  Phalaropodidae 107 

25.  Recurvirostridse 108 

26.  Scolopacidae 109 

27.  Charadriidse 126 

28.  Aphrizidae 131 

29.  Hsematopodidse 132 

30.  Jacanidse 133 

X.    GALLING   .-  - 134 

h.     Phasiani .         .         .134 

31.  Odontophorida?  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .134 

32.  Tetraonidaj 137 

33.  Meleagridae 145 

i.     Penelopes     ...                 ......  146 

34.  Cracida3 146 

XI.      COLUMB^E 147 

35.  Columbidae 147 

XII.     RAPTORES 152 

j.     Sarcorhamphi 152 

36.  Cathartidse 152 

k.     Falcones 153 

37.  Buteonidae 153 

38.  Falconidae 163 

39.  Pandionidae 168 

1.     Striges 168 

40.  Aluconidse 168 

41.  Strigidse 169 

XIII.  PSITTACI             179 

42.  Psittacidse 179 

XIV.  COCCYGES 180 

ra.     Cuculi 180 

43.  Cuculidae 180 

n.     Trogones 183 

44.  Trogonida3 183 

o.     Alcyones 183 

45.  Alcedinidae  183 


CONTENTS.  5 

PAGE 

XV.     PICI ]85 

46.  Picidae 185 

XVI.    MACROCHIRES    ..........  196 

p.     Caprimulgi 196 

47.  Caprimulgidae 196 

q.     Cypseli 200 

48.  Micropodidae       .         . 200 

r.     Trochili 201 

49.  Trochilidse 201 

XVII.     PASSERES 207 

s.     Clamatores 207 

50.  Cotingidse 207 

51.  Tyrannidae 207 

/.     Oscines 218 

52.  Alaudidse 218 

53.  Corvidae 221 

54.  Sturnidae 230 

55.  Icteridae 231 

56.  Fringillidae 240 

57.  Tangaridae 288 

58.  Hirundinidae 290 

59.  Bombycillidae 295 

60.  Laniidae 296 

61.  Vireonidae .         .298 

62.  Coerebidae 304 

63.  Mniotiltidae 304 

64.  Motacillidae 327 

65.  Cinclidae 329 

66.  Mimidae 330 

67.  Troglodytidae 335 

68.  Certhiidae 344 

69.  Sittidae 345 

70.  Paridse 347 

71.  ChameeidiE 354 

72.  Sylviidae     .         .         . 355 

73.  Turdidae 358 

HYPOTHETICAL  LIST 369 

THE  FOSSIL  BIRDS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA  .  375 


INDEX  395 


UNIVERSITY 

OF 


PREFACE  TO  THE  THIRD  EDITION. 


THE  first  edition  of  this  Check-List  of  North  American  Birds  was 
published  in  1886,1  and  the  second  (revised)  in  1895.2  The 
preparation  of  the  present  (third)  edition  was  authorized  at  a  Stated 
Meeting  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  held  in  New  York  Gity, 
November  13-16,  1905,  the  work  being  assigned  to  the  Committee  on 
Nomenclature  and  Classification  of  North  American  Birds.  Another 
Committee  was  at  the  same  time  appointed  to  make  a  critical  examina- 
tion of  the  A.  O.  U.  Code  of  Nomenclature,  with  a  view  to  amending 
some  of  its  provisions,  should  such  revision  seem  desirable.  This 
Committee,  after  prolonged  consideration  of  the  subject,  made  its 
report,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Council  of  the  Union,  and  a  small 
edition  of  the  revised  Code  was  issued  in  July,  1908.3  The  'New 
Code'  is  thus  the  basis  of  the  nomenclatural  rulings  of  the  present 
Check-List. 

The  Committee  on  Nomenclature  and  Classification,  besides 
holding  numerous  sessions  covering  a  period  of  four  years,  appor- 
tioned much  of  the  labor  of  preparing  the  Check-List  among  various 
subcommittees,  the  work  of  individual  members  of  the  Committee 
between  its  sessions  being  thus  the  real  measure  of  its  activities.  The 
results  have  been  made  public  in  two  supplements  (Fourteenth  and 

1  The  Code  orNomenclature  |  and  |  Check-List  of  North  American  Birds  )  adopted  by 
the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  being  the  Report  of  the  Committee  |  of  the  Union 
on  Classification  and  Nomenclature  |  —  |  Zoological  Nomenclature  is  a  means,  not  an 
end,  of  Zoological  Science  |  —  |  New  York  |  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  1886.— 
8vo,  pp.  viii  +  392. 

2  Check- List  |  of  |  North  American  Birds  |  Prepared  by  a  Committee  |  of  the  American 
Ornithologists'  Union  |  Second  and  Revised  Edition  |  —  |  Zoological  Nomenclature  is  a 
means,  not  an  end,  of  Zoological  Science  |  —  |  New  York  |  American  Ornithologists' 
Union  |  1895  —  8vo,  pp.  xi  +  372. 

3  The  |  Code  of  Nomenclature  |  adopted  by  the  |  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  —  | 
Revised  Edition  |  —  |  Zoological  Nomenclature  is  a  means,  not  an  end,  of  Zoological 
Science  |  —  |  New  York  |  American  Ornithologists'    Union  |  July,    1908  —  8vo,    pp.   i- 
Ixxxv.     Edition,  200  copies  +  150  printed  later. 


8  PREFACE  TO  THIRD   EDITION. 

Fifteenth)  to  the  Check-List,  published  respectively  in  'The  Auk'  for 
July,  1908,  and  July,  1909.1 

The  changes  in  nomenclature  from  the  second  edition  are  numer- 
ous, and  result  mainly  from  two  causes:  The  recent  unprecedented 
activity  in  bibliographic  research,  abroad  as  well  as  in  America,  and 
the  strict,  application  of  the  law  of  priority.  The  critical  examination 
of  many  little  known  or  wholly  overlooked  early  publications,  and 
more  careful  scrutiny  of  others  long  well  known,  has  led  to  the  dis- 
covery of  many  generic  and  specific  names  that,  under  universally 
accepted  rules  of  nomenclature,  must  be  adopted.  Many  of  these 
changes  result  from  the  tendency  heretofore  to  ignore  rules  of  nomen- 
clature when  their  observance  entailed  unwelcome  changes  in  technical 
names.  With  each  year,  however,  the  tendency  is  toward  a  strict 
enforcement  of  generally  accepted  rules  of  nomenclature,  the  former 
indifference  to  such  rules  rapidly  giving  place  to  their  strenuous 
observance,  especially  by  the  younger  school  of  taxonomers. 

Many  changes  in  generic  names  have  resulted  from  raising  to 
generic  rank  various  groups  recognized  merely  as  subgenera  in  the 
first  and  second  editions  of  the  Check-List,  their  reduction  in  grade 
by  the  original  Committee  having  failed  to  meet  with  general 
approval. 

The  classification  adopted  for  the  Check-List  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago  does  not  now  reflect  current  views  on  the  relationships  of  many 

1  Eight  Supplements  to  the  Check-List  have  been  published  since  the  appearance  of 
the  second  edition,  as  follows: 

Eighth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds. —  Auk,  XIV,  Jan.,  1897,  pp.  117-135. 

Ninth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds.—  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  pp.  97-133. 

Tenth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds.—  Auk,  XVIII,  July,  1901,  pp.  295-320. 

Eleventh  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.—  Auk,  XIX,  July,  1902,  pp.  315-342. 

Twelfth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.—  Auk,  XX,  July,  1903,  pp.  331-368. 

Thirteenth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds. —  Auk,  XXI,  July,  1904,  pp.  411-424. 

Fourteenth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds. —  Auk,  XXV,  July,  1908,  pp.  343-399. 

Fifteenth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.—  Auk,  XXVI,  July,  1909,  pp.  294-303. 

For  a  list  of  the  previous  Supplements  see  the  Preface  to  the  second  edition  of  the 
Check-List  (below,  p.  15). 


PREFACE   TO   THIRD   EDITION.  9 

of  the  ordinal  and  subordinal  groups  of  birds.  It  was  at  first  the 
intention  of  the  Committee  to  modernize  the  sequence  of  these  groups. 
The  fact,  however,  that  present  systems  of  classification  in  ornithology 
are  admittedly  tentative,  and  differ  widely  among  themselves,  it  seemed 
best,  from  the  standpoint  of  convenience,  to  continue  the  old  Check- 
List  system  unchanged,  since  the  users  of  the  Check-List  are  familiar 
with  the  present  order  of  arrangement  and  would  regret  the  annoyance 
that  a  radical  change  from  it  would  cause.  In  deference  to  this 
known  wide-spread  preference  the  old  order  of  arrangement  has  been 
continued.  In  the  opinion  of  the  Committee,  a  slight  modification1 
of  the  system  proposed  by  Dr.  Hans  Gadow  in  1892-932  would  best 
reflect  our  present  knowledge  of  the  classification  of  birds,  an  abstract 
of  which  is  here  added.  This  system  is  at  present  extensively  em- 
ployed, it  being  that  followed  by  Evans  in  the  volume  ' Birds'  of  the 
'Cambridge  Natural  History  Series'  (London,  1899),  and  by  Knowl- 
ton  in  his  recently  published  'Birds  of  the  World'  (New  York,  1909). 
It  is  also  the  basis  of  the  system  adopted  by  Ridgway  in  his  '  Birds  of 
North  and  Middle  America.'  The  subjoined  abstract  of  the  Gadow 
system  is  from  Bronn's  'Thier-reichs'.  The  Check-List  equivalents 
are  added  in  brackets,  for  convenience  of  comparison. 

ABSTRACT  OF  GADOW'S  CLASSIFICATION  OF  BIRDS. 

CLASS  AVES.8 

Subclass   I.    ARCH^ORNITHES. 
Subclass  II.     NEORNITHES. 

Division  I.    Neornithes  Ratitae. 
Ratitce. 

Struthiones. 
Rhese. 

1  It  is  believed,  for  example,  that  the  groups  Columbae,  Striges,  and  Psittaci  should  be 
accorded  ordinal  rank ;  and  in  general  the  Committee  would  prefer  the  Check- List  eval- 
uation of  the  groups  therein  recognized  as  orders  and  suborders. 

2  On  the  Classification  of  Birds.     By  Hans  Gadow,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.,  F.  Z.  S.,  Strickland 
Curator  and  Lecturer  on  Advanced  Morphology  of  Vertebrata  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge. —  Proc.  Zodl.  Soc.  London,  1892,  pp.  229-256. 

Dr.  H.  G.  Bronn's  Klassen  und  Ordnungen  des  Thier-reichs,  wissenschaftlich  darges- 
telt  in  Wort  und  Bild.     Sechster  Band.  Vierte  Abtheilung.     V6gel.  Von  Hans  Gadow, 

Ph.  D.,  M.  A.,  F.  R.  S II,  Systematischer  Theil,  Leipzig,  1893.—  Roy.  8vo,  pp. 

vii  +  304. 

3  Subclass  I,  and  Divisions  1  and  2,  and  Order  1  of  Division  3,  consist  wholly  of  extinct 
types,  and  are  not  included  in  the  classification,  adopted  in  the  Check-List,  given  above 
in  the  'Table  of  Contents'. 


10  PREFACE   TO   THIRD   EDITION. 

Casuarii. 
Apteryges. 
Dinornithes. 
^Epyornithes. 
Stereornithes. 

Phororhacos,  Brontornis,  Stereornis,  etc. 
Diatryma. 

Remiornis,  Dasornis. 
Gastornis. 

Division  2.    Neornithes  Odontolcse. 
Hesperornithes . 
Enaliornithes. 

Division  3.     Neornithes  Carinatse. 
Order  1.     Ichthyornithes. 
"      2.     Colymbiformes.     [=  Order  Pygopodes,  excluding  Alcidse.] 

Suborder  Colymbi.     [=  Suborder  Cepphi,  excluding  Alcidae.] 

"         Podicipedes.     [=  Suborder  Colymbi.] 
"      3.     Sphenisciformes.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"      4.     Procellariiformes.     [=  Order  Tubinares.] 

"      5.     Ciconiiformes.     [=  Orders  Steganopodes,  Herodiones,  and    Odon- 
toglossae.] 

Suborder  Steganopodes.     [=  Order  Steganopodes.] 

Ardese.     [=  Suborder  Herodii.] 
"        Ciconise.     [=  Suborders  Ibides  and  Ciconise.] 

Phoenicopteri.     [=  Order  Odontoglossse.] 
"      6.     Anseriformes.     [=  Order  Anseres.] 

7.     Falconiformes.     [=  Order  Raptores,  excluding  Striges.] 
Suborder  Catharta3.     [=  Suborder  Sarcorhamphi.] 

"         Accipitres.     [=  Suborder  Falcones.] 
"      8.     Tinamiformes.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"      9.     Galliformes.     [=  Order  Gallinae.] 

Suborder  Mesites.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"         Turnices.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"         Galli.     [=  Suborders  Phasiani  and  Penelopes.] 

Opisthocomi.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"      10.     Gruiformes.     [=  Order  Paludicolse,  divided  into  Suborders  Grues 

and  Ralli.] 
"      11.     Charadriiformes.     [=  Orders  Limicolae  and  Longipennes,  Family 

Alcidse,  and  Order  Columbae.] 
Suborder  Limicolae.     [=  Order  Limicolse.] 

Lari.     [=  Order  Longipennes  +  Alcida?.] 
Pterocles.     [ExtralimitaL] 
"         Columbae.     [=  Order  Columbse.] 

"      12.     Cuculiformes.     [=  Order  Psittaci  and  Suborder  Cuculi.] 
Suborder  Cuculi.     [=  Suborder  Cuculi.] 
"         Psittaci.     [=  Order  Psittaci.] 


PREFACE  TO   THIRD   EDITION.  11 

Order  13.     Coraciiformes.     [=  Suborders   Trogones,    Alcyones   and   Striges, 

and  Orders  Macrochires  and  Pici.] 
Suborder  Coracise.     [=  Suborder  Alcyones  -f  other   (extra- 

limital)  groups.] 

Suborder  Striges.     [=  Suborder  Striges  of  Raptores.] 
"         Caprimulgi.     [=  Suborder  Caprimulgi.] 
"         Cypseli.     [=  Suborders  Cypseli  and  Trochili.] 

Trogones.     [=  Suborder  Trogones.] 
"         Pici.     [=  Order  Pici  +  various  extralimital  fami- 
lies in  addition  to  the  Woodpeckers.] 
"      14.     Passeriformes.     [=  Order  Passeres.] 
Suborder  Passeres  anisomyodi. 

Subclama  tores.     [Extralimital.] 
Clamatores.     [=  Suborder  Clamatores.] 
"         Passeres  diacromyodi. 

Suboscines.     [Extralimital.] 
Oscines.     [=  Suborder  Oscines.] 

It  has  been  considered  advisable  to  retain  the  present  sequence 
of  the  groups  down  to  and  including  species.  As  many  species  have 
been  added,  and  some  eliminated,  since  the  publication  of  the  original 
edition  of  the  Check-List  in  1886,  a  new  consecutive  numbering  of 
the  species  would  differ  much  from  that  hitherto  in  use.  It  has  there- 
fore seemed  best  to  omit  the  serial  numbering  in  the  present  edition, 
giving  the  old  numbers  in  brackets  at  the  right  of  the  name,  as  a 
cross-reference  or  concordance  to  the  previous  editions  and  the  later 
Supplements. 

The  geographical  boundaries  of  the  Check-List  area  remain  as 
heretofore. 

The  principal  changes  in  the  construction  of  the  new  edition  are 
the  following: 

1.  The  elimination  of  all  species  included  in  former  editions  exclusively  on 
the  authority  of  Giraud  as  found  in  "Texas,"  except  where  their  occurrence 
within  the  Check-List  limits  has  been  confirmed. 

2.  The  secondary  references  under  species  and  subspecies,  and  the  concord- 
ance  to  the  previous  check-lists  (those  of  Baird,  Coues,  and  Ridgway),  are 
omitted. 

3.  The  mention  of  the  type  species  under  genera  is  followed  by  a  statement 
of  how  the  type  was  determined  —  whether  by  monotypy,  tautonymy,  original 
designation,  or  subsequent  designation. 

4.  The  type  localities  of  species  and  subspecies  are  given  as  indicated  by 
the  original  author. 

5.  Generic,  specific,  and  subspecific  names  are  marked  for  accent. 


12  PREFACE   TO   THIRD   EDITION. 

6.  Numbering  of  species  omitted. 

7.  Stragglers  or  accidental  visitors  are  designated  by  the  matter  relating 
to  them  being  bracketed. 

8.  Subspecies  are  distinguished  typographically  by  the  use  of  smaller 
type. 

9.  Addition  of  a  map  showing  the  principal  life  zones  of  North  America. 

At  the  meetings  of  the  Committee  held  in  1905  and  1906,  and  also 
later,  the  various  parts  of  the  work  connected  with  the  preparation 
of  a  new  Check-List  were  assigned  to  different  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee, acting  as  subcommittees,  with  whom  were  sometimes  asso- 
ciated other  members  of  the  Union  familiar  with  special  questions. 
The  Committee  is  thus  especially  indebted  to  Messrs.  Chapman, 
Cooke,  A.  K.  Fisher,  J.  Grinnell,  Lucas,  Nelson,  Oberholser,  Osgood, 
and  Stejneger  for  assistance  in  its  work.  To  Dr.  Richmond  was 
assigned  the  task  of  verifying  the  references  and  citations  in  the  second 
edition  of  the  Check-List,  and  of  preparing  the  nomenclatural  part  of 
the  new  Check-List  for  publication.  A  special  subcommittee  on 
nomenclature  was  established,  consisting  of  the  Chairman,  Richmond, 
and  Stone.  To  Mr.  Ridgway  (with  the  cooperation  of  Dr.  Stejneger) 
was  assigned  the  task  of  drafting  a  new  classification,  which,  however, 
it  was  finally  decided  not  to  use,  for  reasons  already  given.  The 
determination  of  type  localities  of  species  and  subspecies  was  assigned 
to  Drs.  Richmond  and  A.  K.  Fisher.  The  revision  of  the  list  of 
fossil  North  American  birds  was  referred  to  Drs.  Richmond  and  Lucas. 
The  accentuation  of  the  technical  names  was  referred  to  a  sub- 
committee consisting  of  the  Chairman,  Dr.  Dwight,  and  Mr. 
Batchelder. 

The  preliminary  revision  of  the  geographical  ranges  of  the  species 
and  subspecies  was  undertaken  by  Mr.  Stone,  while  the  final  revision 
and  preparation  of  the  manuscript  for  the  press  was  assumed  by  Dr. 
Merriam,  who,  with  the  aid  of  members  of  his  scientific  staff  (Biologi- 
cal Survey)  has  given  the  subject  thorough  consideration.  It  was  at 
first  intended  to  base  the  revision  on  an  examination  of  published 
records,  but  later  these  were  supplemented  by  the  resources,  in  large 
part  unpublished,  of  the  Biological  Survey.  The  ranges  as  now 
given  therefore  embody  a  large  amount  of  original  research,  and 
may  be  taken  as  reflecting  the  present  available  knowledge  of  the 
subject,  for  which  the  Union  owes  a  lasting  debt  of  gratitude  to 


PREFACE   TO   THIRD   EDITION. 


13 


Mr.  Stone  and  Dr.  Merriam,  and  those  associated  with  them  in  the 
work.1 

A  subcommittee  on  the  revision  of  the  vernacular  names  consisted 
of  the  Chairman  and  Dr.  D wight.  The  changes  made  are  not  numer- 
ous, and  are  mainly  the  substitution  of  the  vernacular  names  most  in 
use  within  the  range  of  the  species.  (For  a  list  of  these  changes  see 
the  Fifteenth  Supplement,  published  in  '  The  Auk/  July,  1909,  pp.  302, 
303). 

The  final  editorial  supervision  of  the  new  Check-List  was  assigned 
to  the  Chairman. 


Committee. 


J.  A.  ALLEN,  Chairman. 

CHAS.  W.  RICHMOND,  Secretary. 

WILLIAM  BREWSTER. 

JONATHAN  DWIGHT,  JR. 

C.  HART  MERRIAM. 

ROBERT  RIDGWAY. 

WITMER  STONE. 


1  Besides  the  valuable  assistance  rendered  by  Messrs.  W.  W.  Cooke,  H.  W.  Henshaw, 
E.  W.  Nelson,  H.  C.  Oberholser,  and  W.  H.  Osgood,  of  the  Biological  Survey,  Mr. 
Joseph  Grinnell,  Curator  of  the  Museum  of  Vertebrate  ZoSlogy  of  the  University  of 
California,  has  kindly  revised  the  ranges  of  many  of  the  species  represented  in  California. 
Messrs.  Arthur  T.  Wayne,  Andrew  Allison,  and  H.  H.  Kopman  furnished,  respectively, 
manuscript  lists  of  the  birds  of  South  Carolina,  Mississippi,  and  Louisiana,  for  the  use 
of  the  Committee. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


A  T  the  Eleventh  Congress  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union, 
^*"  held  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  November  20-23,  1894,  it  was  voted 
to  publish,  as  early  as  practicable,  a  new  edition  of  the  Union's  Check- 
List  of  North  American  Birds,  to  include  the  numerous  additions  and 
nomenclatural  changes  made  in  the  several  Supplements1  to  the 
Check-List  since  the  publication  of  the  original  edition,  together  with 
a  revision  of  the  'habitats'  of  the  species  and  subspecies,  but  omitting 
the  Code  of  Nomenclature.2  The  original  Committee  on  Classifica- 
tion and  Nomenclature  of  North  American  Birds  was  reappointed3 
to  take  charge  of  the  work.  The  Committee  held  sessions  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  January  15-19,  1894,  and  February  12,  13,  1895,  to  outline 
the  work  and  to  rule  on  the  questions  involved  in  the  publication  of 
the  revised  List.  The  revision  of  the  matter  relating  to  the  geographic 

1  Supplement  |  to  the  |  Code  of  Nomenclature  and  Check-List  |  of  |  North  American 
Birds  |  adopted  by  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  Prepared  by  |  a  Committee  of 
the  Union  |  —  |  New  York  |  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  1889. —  8vo,  pp.  23. 

Second  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.  The  Auk,  VII,  Jan.  1890,  pp.  60-66.  Also  separate. 

Third  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds.  The  Auk,  VIII,  Jan.  1891,  pp.  83-90.  Also  separate. 

Fourth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.  The  Auk,  IX,  Jan.  1892,  pp.  105-108.  Also  separate. 

Fifth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North  American 
Birds.  The  Auk,X,  Jan.  1893,  pp.  59-63.  Also  separate. 

Sixth  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds.  The  Auk,  XI,  Jan.  1894,  pp.  46-51.  Also  separate. 

Seventh  Supplement  to  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check-List  of  North 
American  Birds.  The  Auk,  XII,  April,  1894,  pp.  163-169.  Also  separate. 

Check-List  |  of  |  North  American  Birds  |  according  to  the  Canons  of  Nomenclature  |  of 
the  |  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  —  |  Abridged  Edition  |  Revised  |  —  |  Published 
by  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  1889. —  8vo,  pp.  71.  Includes  the  additions 
to  the  original  Check- List  made  in  the  first  Supplement. 

2  Republished  separately  in  1892  as  a  pamphlet  of  72  pages  with  the  following  title: 
The  |  Code  of  Nomenclature  |  adopted  by  the  |  American  Ornithologists'   Union  |  —  | 
Zoological  Nomenclature  is  a  means,  not  an  end,  of  Zoological  Science  |  —  |  New  York  | 
American  Ornithologists'  Union  |  1892.     [8vo,  pp.  i-v  +  1-72.     Same  as  the  original, 
with  a  prefatory  '  Note  '  and  Index.] 

3  With  the  exception  of  Mr.  H.  W.  Henshaw,  who  was  unable  to  serve,  and  Dr.  C.  Hart 
Merriam  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 

15 


16  PREFACE   TO   SECOND   EDITION. 

distribution  of  the  species  and  subspecies  was  undertaken  by  the 
Committee  as  a  whole,  each  member  in  turn  taking  it  in  hand,  while 
the  incorporation  of  typographic  and  other  rectifications  made  during 
the  sessions  of  the  Committee,1  and  the  final  preparation  of  the  manu- 
script for  the  printer,  was  referred  to  a  subcommittee  consisting  of 
the  Editor  of  'The  Auk/  to  whom  was  also  assigned  the  general 
editorial  supervision  of  the  work. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  Introduction  to  the  Code  of  Nomen- 
clature (pp.  14,  15)  will  serve  to  explain  the  scope  and  plan  of  the 
Check-List,  including  the  method  of  incorporating  additions. 

"1.  That  the  term  'North  American/  as  applied  to  the  proposed  List  of 
Birds,  be  held  to  include  the  continent  of  North  America  north  of  the  present 
United  States  and  Mexican  boundary,  and  Greenland;  and  the  peninsula  of 
Lower  California,  with  the  islands  naturally  belonging  thereto. 

"2.  That  species  be  numbered  consecutively,  and  that  subspecies  be 
enumerated  by  affixing  the  letters,  a,  6,  c,  etc.,  to  the  number  borne  by  their 
respective  species ;  provided,  that  any  subspecies  of  a  species  not  included  in 
the  North  American  Fauna  shall  be  separately  numbered  as  if  a  species. 

"3.  That  stragglers  or  accidental  visitors,  not  regarded  as  components  of 
the  North  American  Fauna,  be  distinguished  by  having  their  respective  num- 
bers in  brackets. 

"  4.  That  any  subsequent  additions  to  the  list  be  interpolated  in  systema- 
tic order,  and  bear  the  number  of  the  species  immediately  preceding,  with 
the  addition  of  a  figure  (1,  2,  etc.,  as  the  case  may  require),  separated  from  the 
original  number  by  a  period  or  decimal  point,  thus  giving  the  interpolated 
number  a  decimal  form  (e.  g.,  243.1,  etc.),  in  order  that  the  original  numbers 
may  be  permanent. 


"6.  That  Giraud's  at  present  unconfirmed  species  of  Texan  birds  be  in- 
cluded in  the  List  on  Giraud's  authority. 

"7.  That  species  and  subspecies  the  zoological  status  of  which  cannot  be 
satisfactorily  determined,  like,  e.  g.,  Regulus  cuvieri  and  Spiza  townsendi  of 
Audubon,  be  referred  to  a  hypothetical  list,  in  each  case  with  a  brief  statement 
of  the  reasons  for  such  allocation. 

"8.  That  a  list  of  the  fossil  species  of  North  American  birds  be  added  as 
an  Appendix  to  the  List  proper. 

1  The  Committee  desires  to  here  acknowledge  valuable  assistance  received,  especially 
in  the  preparation  of  the  geographic  portions  of  the  list,  from  Major  Charles  Bendire,  Mr. 
Frank  M.  Chapman,  Dr.  Walter  Faxon,  Dr.  A.  K.  Fisher,  Mr.  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr.,  and  Dr. 
T,  S.  Palmer.  The  Committee  is  further  indebted  to  Dr.  Palmer  for  numerous  correc- 
tions in  the  citations  of  original  references. 


PREFACE   TO   SECOND   EDITION.  17 

"9.  That  the  names  of  subgeneric  and  supergeneric  groups  of  North 
American  birds  be  included  in  the  List  in  systematic  order,  to  the  end  that  the 
List  may  represent  a  classification  as  well  as  a  nomenclature  of  the  birds. 

"10.  That  references  be  given  to  the  original  description  of  the  species, 
and  to  the  publication  where  the  name  as  adopted  in  the  List  was  first  used; 
that  the  number  borne  by  each  species  and  subspecies  in  the  Lists  of  Baird, 
1858,  of  Coues,  1873,  of  Ridgway,  1880,  and  of  Coues,  1882,  be  bracketed  in 
chronological  order  after  the  synonymatic  references. 

"11.  That  a  summary  statement  of  the  habitat  of  each  species  and  sub- 
species, with  special  reference  to  its  North  American  range,  be  included  in  the 
List. 

"12.  That  the  name  of  each  bird  shall  consist  of  its  generic  without  its 
subgeneric  name,  and  of  its  specific  with  its  subspecific  name,  if  it  have  one, 
without  the  intervention  of  any  other  term. 


"  14.  That  every  technical  name  be  followed  by  a  vernacular  name,  selected 
with  due  regard  to  its  desirability. 

"15.  That  the  name  of  each  species  and  subspecies  be  followed  by  the 
name  of  the  original  describer  of  the  same,  to  be  enclosed  in  parenthesis  when  it 
is  not  also  the  authority  for  the  name  adopted. 

"16.  That  all  specific  and  subspecific  names  shall  begin  with  a  lower-case 
letter. 

"17.  That  the  sequence  in  classification  followed  in  previous  Lists  be 
reversed,  the  List  to  begin  with  the  lowest  or  most  generalized  type,  and  end 
with  the  highest  or  most  specialized." 

ELLIOT  COUES. 
J.  A.  ALLEN. 
WILLIAM  BREWSTER. 
C.  HART  MERRIAM. 
ROBERT  RIDGWAY. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


A  T  the  first  Congress  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union,  held 
^  in  New  York,  September  26-29,  1883,  the  following  resolution 
was  adopted :  — 

"Resolved,  That  the  Chairman  appoint  a  Committee  of  five,  including  him- 
self, to  whom  shall  be  referred  the  question  of  a  Revision  of  the  Classification 
and  Nomenclature  of  the  Birds  of  North  America." 

In  pursuance  of  this  resolution  the  following  Committee  was  ap- 
pointed: Messrs.  Coues,  Allen,  Ridgway,  Brewster,  and  Henshaw. 

The  Committee,  having  held  numerous  sessions  in  Washington  and 
New  York,  presented  its  Report  at  the  second  Congress  of  the  Union, 
held  in  New  York,  Sept.  30  to  Oct.  2,  1884,  when  the  following  resolu- 
tion was  adopted:  — 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Revision  of  the  Nomen- 
clature and  Classification  of  North  American  Birds  be  accepted  and  adopted, 
and  that  it  be  recommitted  to  the  Committee,  with  instructions  to  complete 
and  submit  it  to  the  Council  as  soon  as  practicable;  and  that  the  Council  be 
empowered  and  instructed  to  accept  and  adopt  the  Report  as  finally  rendered, 
with  such  modifications  as  they  may  deem  necessary,  and  to  publish  the  same, 
copyrighted,  in  part  or  in  whole,  and  in  one  or  more  forms,  in  the  name  and 
under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union." 

The  Committee,  having  continued  its  sessions,  presented  its  final 
report  to  the  Council  at  a  meeting  held  in  Washington  on  the  21st  of 
April,  1885,  when  the  Report  of  the  Committee  was  accepted  and 
adopted,  and  was  referred  again  to  the  Committee  for  publication, 
the  Committee  to  exercise  such  editorial  revision  as  might  seem 
necessary. 

Pursuant  to  the  foregoing  resolutions  of  the  Union  and  Council, 
the  Committee  now  offers  to  the  public,  in  the  name  and  on  behalf  of 
the  Union,  the  result  of  its  labors,  consisting  of  a  List  of  North  Ameri- 

19 


20  PREFACE  TO   FIRST   EDITION. 

can  Birds,  preceded  by  the  Code  of  Rules  adopted  by  the  Committee 
for  its  guidance  in  the  preparation  of  the  List. 

The  Committee  ventures  to  hope  that  the  new  Code  will  find  favor, 
not  only  with  ornithologists,  but  among  zoologists  generally. 

ELLIOTT  COUES. 
J.  A.  ALLEN. 
ROBERT  RIDGWAY. 
WILLIAM  BREWSTER. 
H.  W.  HENSHAW. 


CHECK-LIST. 


ORDER  PYGOPODES.     DIVING  BIRDS. 
SUBORDER  COLYMBI.    GREBES. 

FAMILY  COLYMBIDJE.     GREBES. 

GENUS  -fflCHMOPHORUS  COUES. 

JSchmophorus  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1862,  229.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Podiceps  occidentalis  LAWRENCE. 

.ffichmophonis  occidentalis  (LAWRENCE).     Western  Grebe.     [1.] 

Podiceps  occidentalis  LAWRENCE,  in  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R. 
Pac.,  IX,  1858,  894.     (Fort  Steilacoom,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  British  Columbia, 
southern  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  northern 
California,  Utah,  and  northern  North  Dakota;  winters  from  southern 
British  Columbia  south  through  California  to  central  Mexico  (Jalisco); 
casual  east  to  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Quebec. 

GENUS  COLYMBUS  LINNAEUS. 

Colymbus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  135.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Colymbus  cristatus  LINNAEUS  (A.  O.  U.  Comm.,  1886). 

21 


22  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

SUBGENUS  COLYMBUS. 
Colymbus  holboelli  (REINHARDT).     Holbcell's  Grebe.     [2.] 

Podiceps  holbosllii  REINHARDT,  Videnskab.  Meddelelser,  1853,  76.     (Nen- 
ortalik,  Julianehaab  district,  Greenland.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  eastern  Asia.  Breeds  from  north- 
western Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  and  northern  Ungava  south  to 
northern  Washington,  northern  Montana,  and  southwestern  Minnesota ; 
winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southern  Wisconsin,  south- 
ern Ontario,  and  Maine  south  to  southern  California,  southern 
Colorado,  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  North  Carolina;  casual  in  Georgia 
and  Greenland. 

SUBGENUS  BYTES  KAUP. 

Dytes  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  41.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Colymbus  auritus  LINNAEUS. 

Colymbus  auritus  LINNAEUS.     Horned  Grebe.     [3.] 

Colymbus  auritus  LINNZEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  135.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
the  lower  Yukon,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  southwestern 
Ungava,  and  Magdalen  Islands  south  to  southern  British  Columbia, 
northern  Utah,  northern  Nebraska,  central  Minnesota,  southern  On- 
tario, and  northeastern  Maine;  winters  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia, southern  Ontario,  and  Maine  south  to  southern  California,  the 
Gulf  coast,  and  Florida;  casual  in  Greenland. 

Colymbus  nigricollis  (BREHM). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America;  in  winter 
south  to  South  Africa  and  Central  America. 

a.  [Colymbus  nigricollis  nigricollis.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Colymbus  nigricollis  calif ornicus  (HEERMANN).     Eared  Grebe.     [4.] 

Podiceps  californicus  HEERMANN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1854, 179. 
(California.) 


ORDER   PYGOPODES.  23 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
Great  Slave  Lake,  and  Manitoba  south  to  southern  California,  northern 
Arizona,  northern  Nebraska,  and  northern  Iowa;  winters  from  central  Cali- 
fornia to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  Guatemala;  east  to  Kansas  in  migration; 
casual  in  Missouri,  Indiana,  and  Ontario. 

SUBGENUS  TACHYBAPTUS  REICHENBACH. 

Tachybaptus   REICHENBACH,    Avium   Syst.    Nat.,    1849,   pi.    ii.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Colymbus  minor  REICHENBACH  =  C.  ruficollis  PALLAS. 

Colymbus  dominicus  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  Subtropical  and  tropical  America. 

a.     [Colymbus  dominicus  dominicus.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Colymbus  dominicus  brachypterus  CHAPMAN.    Mexican  Grebe.    [5.] 

Colymbus  dominicus  brachypterus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  XII, 
1899,  256.     (Lomita  Ranch,  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California  and  southern  Texas  south  to  Panama. 

GENUS  PODILYMBUS  LESSON. 

Podilymbus  LESSON,   Traite"   d'Orn.,    1831,   595.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Podiceps  carolinensis  LATHAM  =  Colymbus  podiceps  LINN^JUS. 

Podilymbus  podiceps  (LiNN^us).     Pied-billed  Grebe.    [6.] 

Colymbus  podiceps  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  136.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  British  Colum- 
bia, southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  Quebec,  and  New 
Brunswick  south  to  Chile  and  Argentina,  but  often  rare  or  local; 
winters  from  Washington,  Texas,  Mississippi,  and  Potomac  Valley 
southward. 


24  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

SUBORDER  CEPPHI.    LOONS  AND  AUKS. 

FAMILY  GAVIIDJE.     LOONS. 

GENUS  GAVIA  J.  R.  FORSTER. 

Gavia  FORSTER,  Enchirid.  Hist.  Nat.,  1788,  38.  Based  exclusively  upon 
the  Loons;  type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Colymbus  imber  GUNNERUS  =  C. 
immer  BRUNNICH  (Allen,  1907). 

Gavia  immer  (BRUNNICH).     Loon.     [7.] 

Colymbus  immer  BRUNNICH,  Orn.  Borealis,  1764,  38.  (Probably  north- 
ern Norway.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in 
America  from  Kotzebue  Sound,  Banks  Land,  Barrow  Strait,  and 
northern  Greenland  south  to  northern  California,  northern  Iowa, 
northern  Illinois  (at  least  formerly),  northern  Indiana,  northern  Ohio, 
northern  New  York,  Pennsylvania  (casually),  New  Hampshire,  Mass- 
achusetts (rarely),  and  Nova  Scotia;  winters  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  the  Great  Lakes,  and  southern  New  England  to  southern 
Lower  California,  the  Gulf  coast,  and  Florida. 

Gavia  adamsi  (GRAY).     Yellow-billed  Loon.    [8.] 

Colymbus  adamsii  GRAY,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1859,  167.     (Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Circumpolar.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska,  north- 
ern Mackenzie,  and  Boothia  Peninsula  south  to  mouth  of  the  Yukon 
and  to  Great  Slave  Lake;  south  in  migration  to  Nushagak,  Alaska; 
accidental  in  Colorado  and  Greenland;  breeds  also  in  northern  Siberia 
and  on  islands  north  of  Europe. 

Gavia  arctica  (LiNN^us).     Black-throated  Loon.    [9.] 

Colymbus  arcticus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  135.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
Kotzebue  Sound,  Alaska,  wrest  along  northern  coast  of  Siberia,  on  is- 
lands north  of  Europe,  and  from  Cumberland  Sound  south  to  Ungava; 


ORDER  PYGOPODES.  25 

winters  in  the  southern  Canadian  Provinces;  casually  south  to  Colo- 
rado, Nebraska,  Iowa,  northern  Ohio,  and  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

Gavia  pacifica  (LAWRENCE).     Pacific  Loon.     [10.] 

Colymbus  pacificus  LAWRENCE,  in  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac., 
IX,  1858,  889.     (San  Diego,  CaL,  and  Puget  Sound,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  Point  Barrow, 
Banks  Land,  northern  Mackenzie,  and  Melville  Peninsula  south  to 
base  of  Alaska  Peninsula,  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  central  Keewatin; 
winters  along  Pacific  coast  from  southern  British  Columbia  to  Lower 
California  and  Guadalupe  Island;  accidental  in  New  Mexico. 

Gavia  stellata  (PONTOPPIDAN).     Red-throated  Loon.    [11.] 

Colymbus  stellatus  PONTOPPIDAN,  Danske  Atlas,  I,  1763,  621.     (Based 
on  Colymbus  maximus  stellatus  of  Willughby.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
northern  Alaska,  Banks  Land,  Ellesmere  Land,  and  northern  Green- 
land south  to  Commander  Islands,  western  Aleutian  Islands,  Glacier 
Bay,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  New 
Brunswick,  and  Newfoundland;  winters  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia to  southern  California,  and  from  Maine  and  the  Great  Lakes 
to  Florida;  casual  in  interior  to  Montana,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  and 
Arizona ;  breeds  also  throughout  Arctic  Europe  and  Asia,  and  winters 
south  to  the  Mediterranean  and  southern  China. 


FAMILY  ALCIDJE.    AUKS,  MURRES,  AND  PUFFINS. 
SUBFAMILY  FRATERCULDLE.     PUFFINS. 
GENUS  LUNDA  PALLAS. 

Lunda  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiatica,  II,  1826  (1811  ?),  363.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Alca  cirrhata  PALLAS  (Gray,  1840). 

Lunda  cirrhata  (PALLAS).     Tufted  Puffin.     [12.] 

Alca  cirrhata  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  v,  1769,  7,  pi.  i;  pi.  v,  figs.  1-3. 
(Kamchatka  to  Aleutian  Islands.) 


26  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. — Coasts  and  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  Bering  Sea,  and 
North  Pacific  from  Cape  Lisburne,  Alaska,  south  to  Santa  Barbara 
Islands,  California,  and  from  Bering  Strait  to  Japan;  accidental  in 
Maine  and  Greenland. 


GENUS  FRATERCULA  BRISSON. 

Fratercula  BRISSON,  On.,  VI,  1760,  81.  Type,  by  monotypy,  [Prater- 
cula]  fratercula  BRISSON  =  Alca  arctica  LINNAEUS. 

Fratercula  arctica 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic  and  Arctic 
oceans. 

a.    Fratercula  arctica  arctica  (LINN.EUS).     Puffin.    [13.] 

Alca  arctica  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  130.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  in  North  America 
from  Ungava  south  to  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Maine;  winters  south  to  Massa- 
chusetts, casually  to  Long  Island  and  Delaware  Bay. 

6.    Fratercula  arctica  naumanni  NORTON.    Large-billed  Puffin.    [13a.] 

Fratercula  arctica  naumanni  NORTON,  Proc.  Portland  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 
II,  May,  1901,  144.  (Based  on  Mormon  glacialis  of  Naumann,  Isis, 
1821,  782,  pi.  vii,  fig.  2.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  Arctic  Ocean,  from  northern  and  western 
Greenland  to  Nova  Zembla. 

Fratercula  corniculata  (NAUMANN).     Horned  Puffin.     [14.] 

Mormon  corniculata  NAUMANN,  Isis,  IX,  1821,  782,  pi.  vii,  figs.  3,  4. 
(Kamchatka.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  Bering  Sea,  and 
North  Pacific.  Breeds  from  Cape  Lisburne  south  on  both  sides  of 
Bering  Strait  to  Aleutian  and  Near  islands  and  Glacier  Bay;  winters 
from  the  Aleutians  south  to  Kuril  and  Queen  Charlotte  islands. 


ORDER   PYGOPODES.  27 

SUBFAMILY  ^ETHIIN^E.     AUKLETS,  MURRELETS,  GUILLEMOTS. 
GENUS  CERORHINCA  BONAPARTE. 

Cerorhinca  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  II,  1828,  427.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Cerorhinca  occidentalis  BONAPARTE  =  Alca  monocerata 
PALLAS. 

Cerorhinca  monocerata  (PALLAS).     Rhinoceros  Auklet.    [15.] 

Alca  monocerata  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiatica,  II,  1826  (1811?),  362. 
(Cape  St.  Elias  to  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from 
Sitka,  Alaska,  south  to  Washington;  winters  from  Washington  south 
to  Lower  California  and  in  Japan. 

GENUS  PTYCHORAMPHUS  BRANDT. 

Ptychoramphus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe"tersb.,  II,  1837, 
347.  Type,  by  monotypy,  Uria  aleutica  PALLAS. 

Ptychoramphus  aleuticus  (PALLAS).     Cassin's  Auklet.     [16.] 

Uria  aleutica  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiatica,  II,  1826  (1811?),  370. 
(North  Pacific  Ocean.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  from  Aleutian  Islands 
to  Lower  California  (lat.  27°).  Breeds  locally  throughout  range. 

GENUS  PHALERIS  TEMMINCK. 

Phaleris  TEMMINCK,  Manuel  d'Orn.,  ed.  2,  I,  1820,  cxii.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Alca  psittacula  PALLAS  (Gray,  1840). 

Phaleris  psittacula  (PALLAS).     Paroquet  Auklet.    [17.] 

Alca  psittacula  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  v,  1769,  13,  pi.  ii;  pi.  v,  figs. 
4-6.  (Kamchatka.) 


28  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  western  Arctic  Ocean,  Bering  Sea, 
and  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska  and  northern 
coast  of  eastern  Siberia  south  to  Aleutian  Islands;  winters  from 
the  Aleutians  south  to  Monterey  Bay,  California,  and  in  Kuril  Islands, 
Japan. 

GENUS  JETHIA  DUMONT. 

£thia  "MERR."  DUMONT,  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.  (revised  ed.),  I,  1816,  Suppl., 
71.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Alca  cristatella  PALLAS. 

SUBQENUS    JETHIA. 

JEthia  cristatella  (PALLAS).     Crested  Auklet.     [18.] 

Alca  cristatella  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  v,  1769,  18,  pi.  iii;    pi.  v, 
figs.  7-9.     (Yesso,  Japan,  to  Kamchatka.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  Bering  Sea  and  North  Pacific,  from 
Bering  Strait  south  to  Kadiak  Island  and  Japan. 

SUBGENUS  ALCELLA  STONE. 

Alcella  STONE,  Auk,  XXIV,   1907,   197.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Alca 
pygmcea  GMELIN. 

-ffithia  pygmsea  (GMELIN).     Whiskered  Auklet.    [19.] 

Alca  pygmcea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  555.     ("Bird  Island,  be- 
tween Asia  and  America.") 

RANGE. —  Aleutian  Islands,  and  from  Kamchatka  to  Japan. 


SUBGENUS  CICERONIA  REICHENBACH. 

Ciceronia  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  iii.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Phaleris  nodirostra  BONAPARTE  =  Uria  pusilla  PALLAS. 

-ffithia  pusilla  (PALLAS).     Least  Auklet.     [20.] 

Uria   pusilla   PALLAS,    Zoogr.    Rosso- Asiatica,    II,    1826    (1811?),   373. 
(Kamchatka.) 


ORDER   PYGOPODES.  29 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from 
Bering  Strait  south  to  Aleutian  Islands;  winters  from  Aleutian  and 
Commander  islands  south  to  Washington  and  Japan;  casual  at  Point 
Barrow,  Alaska. 

GENUS  SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS  BRANDT. 

Synthliboramphus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Petersb.,  II, 
1837,  347.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Alca  antiqua  GMELIN  (Gray,  1840). 

Synthliborampmis  antiquus  (GMELIN).     Ancient  Murrelet.    [21.] 

Alca   antiqua  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  554.     ("West  of  North 
America  to  Kamchatka  and  the  Kuril  Islands.") 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from 
Aleutian  Islands  to  Near  Islands,  and  from  Kamchatka  to  Commander 
Islands;  winters  from  the  Aleutians  south  to  San  Diego,  California, 
and  to  Japan;  accidental  in  Wisconsin. 


GENUS  BRACHYEAMPHUS  BRANDT. 

Brachyramphus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe"tersb.,  II,  1837, 
346.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Colyrribus  marmoratus  GMELIN  (Gray, 
1840). 

SUBGENUS  BRACHYEAMPHUS. 

Brachyramphus  marmoratus  (GMELIN).     Marbled  Murrelet.    [23.] 

Colymbus  marmoratus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  583.  (Prince 
William  Sound,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from 
Unalaska  and  Kadiak  islands  south  to  Vancouver  Island;  winters 
south  to  San  Diego,  California. 

Brachyramphus  brevirostris  (VIGORS).     Kittlitz's  Murrelet.     [24.] 

Uria  brevirostris  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  IV,  No.  xv,  1829,  357.  ("San 
Bias,  Mexico"  =  North  Pacific.) 


30  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Aleutian  Islands  east  to  Glacier  Bay,  Alaska,  and  Kam- 
chatka and  northern  Japan. 

SUBGENUS  ENDOMYCHURA  OBERHOLSER. 

Endomychura  OBERHOLSER,   Proc.   Acad.    Nat.   Sci.   Phila.,   1899,   201. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Brachyramphus  hypoleucus  XANTUS. 

Brachyramphus  hypoleucus  XANTUS.     Xantus's  Murrelet.     [25.] 

Brachyramphus  hypoleucus  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859, 
299.     (Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  California  and  Lower  California,  from  Mon- 
terey Bay  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  formerly  breeding  as  far  north  as 
Santa  Barbara  Islands. 

Brachyramphus  craverii  (SALVADORI).     Craveri's  Murrelet.     [26.] 

Uria  craveri  SALVADORI,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  VIII,  1865,  387.     (Nati- 
vidad  Island,  Gulf  of  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California  from  Natividad  Island  (lat.  28°)  on 
the  Pacific  and  from  Espiritu  Santo  Island  in  the  Gulf,  south  to  Cape 
San  Lucas. 

GENUS  CEPPHUS  PALLAS. 

Cepphus  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  v,  1769,  33.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Cepphus  lacteolus  PALLAS  =  Alca  grylle  LINN^US,  albino. 

Cepphus  grylle  (LINNAEUS).     Black  Guillemot.     [27.] 

Alca  grylle  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  130.     (Southern  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  eastern  North  America  and  northwestern 
Europe.  In  America  breeds  from  southern  Greenland  and  Ungava 
to  Maine;  winters  from  Cumberland  Sound  south  to  Cape  Cod 
and  casually  to  New  Jersey. 

Cepphus  mandti  (MANDT).     Mandt's  Guillemot.    [28.] 

Uria  mandtii  "  LIGHT."  MANDT,  Obs.  Hist.  Nat.  Itin.  Grcenl.,  1822,  30. 
(Spitzbergen.) 


ORDER   PYGOPODES.  31 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions  of  both  continents.  Breeds  on  Arctic 
islands  south  to  northern  Hudson  Bay  and  mainland  of  Siberia; 
winters  in  Arctic  Ocean  and  casually  south  to  Norton  Sound  and 
Lake  Ontario;  north  in  migration  to  latitude  84°. 

Cepphus  columba  PALLAS.     Pigeon  Guillemot.     [29.] 

Cepphus  columba  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso- Asiatica,  II,  1826  (1811?),  348. 
(Kamchatka,  and  Straits  between  Siberia  and  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  Bering  Sea,  and 
Cape  Lisburne  and  both  coasts  of  the  North  Pacific  from  Bering  Strait 
south  to  Santa  Catalina  Island,  California,  and  to  northern  Japan. 

SUBFAMILY  ALCIN^E.     AUKS  AND  MURRES. 
GENUS  URIA  BRISSON. 

Uria  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,   1760,  70.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Uria]   uria 
BRISSON  =  Colymbus  troille  LINN^US. 

Una  troille  (LINNAEUS). 
RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic  and  North  Pacific. 

a.    Uria  troille  troille  (LINNAEUS).     Murre.     [30.] 

Colymbus   troille   LINNAEUS,   Fauna  Suecica,  ed.  2,   1761,  52.     (Spitz- 
bergen.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  in  North  America 
from  southern  Greenland  and  southern  Ungava  south  to  Newfoundland  and 
Magdalen  Islands ;  winters  south  to  Maine. 

6.     Uria  troille  californica  (H.  BRYANT).     California  Murre.     (30a.) 

Catarractes  calif ornicus  H.  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  VIII,  1861, 
142.     (Farallon  Islands,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from  Norton 
Sound  and  Pribilof  Islands  south  to  the  Farallones,  California;  winters  from 
the  Aleutian  Islands  south  to  Santa  Monica,  California. 

Una  lomvia  (Lixx^us). 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic,  North  Pacific, 
and  Arctic  oceans. 


32  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

a.  Una  lomvia  lomvia  (LINNAEUS).     Briinnich's  Murre.     [31.] 

Alca  lomvia  LINN^US,   Syst.   Nat.,   ed.    10,    I,    1758,    130.     (Northern 
Europe;   based  on  Clusius,  etc.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  from  southern 
Ellesmere  Land  and  northern  Greenland  to  northern  Hudson  Bay  and  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence;  resident  in  Greenland  and  Hudson  Bay;  south  casually  in 
winter  on  Atlantic  coast  from  Maine  to  South  Carolina,  and  in  interior  to 
northern  Ohio,  central  Indiana,  and  central  Iowa. 

b.  Uria  lomvia  irra  (PALLAS).    Pallas's  Murre.    [31a.] 

Cepphus  arra  PALLAS,   Zoogr.   Rosso-Asiatica,   II,    1826   (1811?),   347. 
(Kamchatka.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Pacific,  Bering  Sea,  and  western 
Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds  from  Herald  Island,  northern  Siberia,  northwestern 
Alaska,  and  Point  Barrow  south  to  Kadiak,  Aleutian,  and  Commander  islands. 


GENUS  ALGA  LINNAEUS. 

Alca  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  130.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Alca  torda  LINNAEUS  (Newton,  1876). 

Alca  torda  LINNAEUS.     Razor-billed  Auk.     [32.] 

Alca  torda  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  130.     (Southern  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  on 
American  side  from  southern  Greenland  to  Newfoundland  and  New 
Brunswick;  winters  from  New  Brunswick  and  Ontario  to  Long  Island 
and  casually  to  North  Carolina. 

GENUS  PLAUTUS  BRUNNICH. 

Plautus  BRUNNICH,  Zool.  Fund.,  1771,  78.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Brille- 
fuglen"  =  Alca  impennis  LINNAEUS. 

Plautus  impennis  (LiNN^us).     Great  Auk.     [33.] 

Alca  impennis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  130.     (Norwegian 
Seas.) 

RANGE. —  Formerly  coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic,  from 
near  the  Arctic  Circle  south  to  Massachusetts  and  Ireland,  and  proba- 
bly south  casually  to  South  Carolina  and  Florida;  now  extinct. 


ORDER  LONGIPENNES.  33 

SUBFAMILY  ALT.IN.ffi.     DOVEKIES. 
GENUS  ALLE  LINK. 

Atte  LINK,  Beschr.  Nat.  Samml.  Univ.  Rostock,  I,   1806,  17.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  A  lie  nigricans  LINK  =  Alca  alle  LINNAEUS. 

Alle  alle  (LINNJEUS).     Dovekie.     [34.] 

Alca  alle  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 131.     (Probably  Scotland.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  from 
Kane  Basin  and  Baffin  Bay  east  to  Franz  Josef  Land;  winters  from 
southern  Greenland  south  to  Long  Island,  and  casually  to  Delaware 
Bay  and  North  Carolina;  accidental  near  Melville  Island,  and  in 
Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Ontario,  and  Bermuda. 


ORDER    LONGIPENNES.       LONG-WINGED 
SWIMMERS. 

FAMILY  STERCORARIIDJE.    SKUAS  AND  JAEGERS. 

GENUS  MEGALESTRIS  BONAPARTE. 

Megalestris  BONAPARTE,  Catal.  Ois.  d'Eur.  Parzudaki,  1856,  11.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Megalestris  catarrhactes  BONAPARTE  =  Caiharacia  skua 
BRUNNICH. 

Megalestris  skua  (BRUNNICH).    Skua.    [35.] 

Catfiaracta  skua  BRUNNICH,  Orn.  Borealis,  1764,  33.  (Faroe  Islands  and 
Iceland.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  on 
Lady  Franklin  Island  (Hudson  Strait),  in  Iceland,  and  on  the  Faroe 
and  Shetland  islands;  winters  on  fishing  banjos  off  Newfoundland 
and  Nova  Scotia;  casually  south  to  Long  Island;  in  Europe  south 
to  Gibraltar. 


34  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  STERCORARIUS  BRISSON. 

Stercorarius  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,  1760,  149.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Ster- 
corarius] stercorarius  BRISSON  =  Larus  parasiticus  LINNAEUS. 

Stercorarius  pomarinus  (TEMMINCK).     Pomarine  Jaeger.     [36.] 

Lestris  pomarinus  TEMMINCK,  Manuel  d'Orn.,  1815,  514.    (Arctic  regions; 
coasts  of  Holland  and  France.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
Melville  Island  and  central  Greenland  south  to  northern  Alaska, 
northern  Mackenzie,  Melville  Peninsula,  and  Baffin  Land,  and  also 
on  Arctic  islands  of  Eastern  Hemisphere;  winters  off  Atlantic  coast, 
south  to  New  Jersey;  common  fall  migrant  on  coast  of  California; 
winters  south  to  the  Galapagos,  Peru,  Africa,  and  Australia ;  accidental 
in  Nebraska. 

Stercorarius  parasiticus  (LINN.EUS).     Parasitic  Jaeger.    [37.] 

Larus  parasiticus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,   1758,  136.     (Coast 
of  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
northwestern  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  and  northern  Greenland  south 
to  Aleutian  Islands,  central  Mackenzie  (Great  Slave  Lake),  and  cen- 
tral Keewatin,  and  on  Arctic  islands  of  Siberia  and  of  northern 
Europe  south  to  Scotland;  winters  from  the  Aleutian  Islands  south  to 
California,  from  New  England  coast  south  to  Brazil,  in  Australia, 
and  from  coast  of  Europe  south  to  Cape  of  Good  Hope;  casual  in 
interior  to  the  Great  Lakes,  Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Colorado. 

Stercorarius  longicaudus  VIEILLOT.     Long-tailed  Jaeger.    [38.] 

Stercorarius  longicaudus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXII, 
1819,  157.     (Northern  regions.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  on 
Arctic  islands  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  coasts  of  Kotzebue  and  Norton 
sounds,  northern  Mackenzie,  and  northern  Hudson  Bay  to  northern 
Greenland ;  winters  south  to  Gibraltar  and  Japan ;  not  rare  in  migra- 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  35 

tion  off  New  England;  casual  on  the   Pacific  coast  south   to  Cali- 
fornia;  accidental  in  Manitoba,  Iowa,  Illinois,  and  Florida. 


FAMILY  LARID2E.     GULLS  AND  TERNS. 

SUBFAMILY  LARINJE.     GULLS. 

GENUS  PAGOPHILA  KAUP. 

Pagophila  KAUP,  Skizz.    Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  69.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Larus  eburneus  PHIPPS  =  L.  albus  GUNNEEUS. 

Pagophila  alba  (GUNNERUS).     Ivory  Gull.    [39.] 

Larus  albus  GUNNERUS,  in  LEEM'S  Beskr.  Finm.  Lapper,  1767,  285  (note). 
(Northern  Norway.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  seas.  Breeds  in  high  Arctic  latitudes  from  Melville 
Island  and  northern  Baffin  Land  to  northern  Greenland,  and  on  Arctic 
islands  of  Eastern  Hemisphere;  winters  in  the  Arctic  regions  and  cas- 
ually south  to  British  Columbia,  Lake  Ontario,  and  Long  Island;  in 
Europe  south  to  France. 

GENUS  RISSA  STEPHENS. 

Rissa  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  1826, 180.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Rissa  brunnichii  STEPHENS  =  Larus  tridactylus  LINN^JUS. 

Rissa  tridactyla  (LINNJSUS). 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  colder  parts  of  the  Northern 
Hemisphere,  south  in  winter  to  the  Mediterranean,  the  Canaries,  Ber- 
muda, and  Lower  California. 

a.    Rissa  tridactyla  tridactyla  (LINN^JUS).     Kittiwake.     [40.] 

Larus  tridactylus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  136.     (Great 
Britain?) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  from  Wellington  Channel  and  northern 
Greenland  south  to  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  from  Arctic  islands  of  Europe 
and  western  Siberia  to  southern  France;  winters  from  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 


36  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

south  to  New  Jersey,  and  casually  to  Virginia,  Bermuda,  and  the  Great  Lakes; 
accidental  in  Missouri,  Colorado,  and  Wyoming. 

6.    Rissa  tridactyla  pollicaris  RIDGWAY.    Pacific  Kittiwake.    [40a.] 

Rissa  tridactyla  pollicaris  RIDGWAY,  in  Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  202. 
(St.  George  Island,  Bering  Sea.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  North  Pacific,  Bering  Sea,  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean. 
Breeds  from  Cape  Lisburne  and  Herald  Island  south  to  Aleutian  and  Com- 
mander islands;  winters  from  Aleutian  Islands  south  to  northern  Lower 
California ;  casual  at  Point  Barrow. 

Rissa  brevirostris  (BRUCH).    Red-legged  Kittiwake.    [41.] 

Larus  brevirostris  BRUCH,  Journ.  fur  On.,  1853,    103.     (Northwestern 
America.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  Bering  Sea;  accidental  in  Yukon. 


GENUS  LARUS  LINNAEUS. 

Larus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  136.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Larus  canus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1855). 

Larus  hyperboreus  GUNNERUS.     Glaucous  Gull.    [42.] 

Larus  hyperboreus  GUNNERUS,  in  LEEM,  Beskr.  Finm.  Lapper,  1767,  226 
(note).     (Northern  Norway.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska,  Mel- 
ville Island,  and  northern  Greenland  south  to  Aleutian  Islands,  north- 
ern Mackenzie,  central  Ungava,  and  on  Arctic  islands  of  Eastern 
Hemisphere;  winters  from  the  Aleutians  and  Greenland  south  to 
Monterey,  California,  the  Great  Lakes,  and  Long  Island,  and  casually 
to  Bermuda,  North  Carolina,  and  Texas;  in  Europe  and  Asia  south 
to  the  Mediterranean,  Black,  and  Caspian  seas,  and  Japan. 

Larus  leucopterus  FABER.    Iceland  Gull.    [43.] 

Larus  leucopterus  FABER,  Prodromus  Isl.  Orn.,  1822,  91.     (Iceland.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  from  Victoria  Land  (Cambridge 
Bay)  and  Boothia  Peninsula  to  central  Greenland  and  east  to 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  37 

Nova  Zembla;  winters  from  southern  Greenland  south  to  Long  Island; 
casual  on  the  Great  Lakes;  accidental  in  Nebraska  and  Maryland; 
in  Europe  south  to  the  British  Isles,  Scandinavia,  and  Baltic  Sea. 

Larus  glaucescens  NAUMANN.     Glaucous-winged  Gull.     [44.] 

Larus  glaucescens  NAUMANN,  Naturg.  Vogel  Deutschl.,  X,   1840,  351. 
(North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  the  North  Pacific/ Bering  Sea,  and  adjacent 
Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue  Sound  south  to  Washington, 
and  in  Kamchatka  and  Commander  Islands;  winters  from  Aleutian 
Islands  south  to  Lower  California,  Hawaii  (casually),  and  northern 
Japan. 

Larus  kumlieni  BREWSTER.     Kumlien's  Gull.     [45.] 

Larus  kumlieni  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VIII,  1883,  216. 
(Cumberland  Sound,  Arctic  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  Atlantic  coast  of  North  America,  breeding  in 
Cumberland  Sound;  south  in  winter  to  New  York  and  Connecticut. 

Larus  nelsoni  HENSHAW.     Nelson's  Gull.    [46.] 

Larus  nelsoni  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  250.     (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Known  from  Point  Barrow,  Bering  Strait,  St.  Michael, 
Alaska,  and  San  Geronimo  Island,  Lower  California. 

Larus  marinus  LINNAEUS.     Great  Black-backed  Gull.    [47.] 

Larus  marinus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  136.     (Southern 
Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  the  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  from  North  Devon 
Island  and  central  Greenland  south  to  Nova  Scotia  and  to  latitude 
50°  on  European  coasts;  winters  from  southern  Greenland  south  to 
the  Great  Lakes  and  Delaware  Bay  (casually  to  Florida)  and  the 
Canaries;  accidental  in  Bermuda. 

Larus  schistisagus  STEJNEGER.    Slaty-backed  Gull.    [48.] 

Larus  schistisagus  STEJNEGER,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  231.     (Bering  Island.) 


38  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific,  Bering  Sea,  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean, 
chiefly  on  Asiatic  side.  Breeds  in  Kamchatka  and  on  Commander 
Islands;  occurs  casually  at  Herald  Island,  Port  Clarence,  Franklin 
Bay,  and  Aleutian  Islands;  winters  to  southern  Japan. 

Larus  occidentalis  AUDUBON.     Western  Gull.    [49.] 

Larus  occidentalis  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  320.  (Cape  Disap- 
pointment, Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  from  Washing- 
ton to  southern  Lower  California;  winters  from  Washington  to  south- 
western Mexico;  casual  in  southern  British  Columbia;  accidental  in 
Colorado. 

[Larus  affinis  REINHARDT.    Siberian  Gull.    [50.] 

Larus  affinis  REINHARDT,  Videnskab.  Meddelelser,  1853,  78.  (Nenortalik, 
Julianehaab  district,  Greenland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Asia  and  Europe,  south  in  winter  to  northern 
Africa;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 

Larus  argent £tus  PONTOPPIDAN.     Herring  Gull.    [51.] 

Larus  argentatus  PONTOPPIDAN,  Danske  Atlas,  I,  1763,  622.     (Denmark.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  America  breeds  from  south 
central  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  southern  Ellesmere  Land,  and 
Cumberland  Sound  south  to  southern  British  Columbia,  southern 
Alberta,  northern  North  Dakota,  central  Wisconsin,  southern  Ontario, 
northern  New  York,  and  Maine,  and  in  Europe  south  to  northern 
France  and  east  to  White  Sea;  winters  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia south  to  Lower  California  and  western  Mexico,  and  from  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  Great  Lakes  south  to  the  Bahamas,  Cuba, 
Yucatan,  and  coast  of  Texas,  and  in  Europe  to  Mediterranean  and 
Caspian  seas. 

[Larus  vegae  PALMEN.    Vega  Gull.    [52.] 

Larus  argentatus  var.  vegoe  PALMEN,  in  NORDENSKIOLD,  Vega-Exped. 
Vetensk.  lakttag.,  V,  1887,  370.  (Pidlin  and  vicinity,  extreme  north- 
eastern Siberia.) 

RANGE. —  Bering  Sea  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds  on  north- 
ern coast  of  Siberia;  south  in  winter  to  Japan.] 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  39 

Laras  califomicus  LAWRENCE.     California  Gull.     [53.] 

Larus  californicus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VI,  1854,  79. 
(Near  Stockton,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  east  central 
British  Columbia  and  Great  Slave  Lake  south  to  northeastern  Cali- 
fornia, northern  Utah,  and  northern  North  Dakota;  winters  from 
southern  British  Columbia  and  Great  Salt  Lake  to  Lower  California 
and  western  Mexico;  accidental  in  Kansas. 

Laras  delawarensis  ORD.     Ring-billed  Gull.     [54.] 

Larus  delawarensis  ORD,  in  GUTHRIE'S  Geog.,  2d  Am.  ed.,  1815,  319. 
(Delaware  River,  below  Philadelphia.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia, 
Great  Slave  Lake,  southern  Keewatin,  and  southern  Ungava  south  to 
southern  Oregon,  southern  Colorado,  northern  North  Dakota,  central 
Wisconsin,  central  Ontario,  northern  New  York  (casually),  and  north- 
ern Quebec;  winters  from  British  Columbia,  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
Massachusetts  south  to  Bermuda,  the  Gulf  coast,  Cuba,  and  southern 
Mexico. 


Laras  brachyrhynchus  RICHARDSON.    Short-billed  Gull.    [55.] 

Larus  brachyrhynchus  RICHARDSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832), 
422.     (Fort  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake,  Mackenzie.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue  Sound 
to  Anderson  River  and  south  to  northern  British  Columbia  and  Great 
Slave  Lake;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia  to  southern 
California;  accidental  in  Quebec. 


[Laras  canus  LINNAEUS.     Mew  Gull.    [56.] 

Larus  canus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  136.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Europe  and  Asia;  south  in  winter  to  the  Med- 
iterranean, the  Nile,  and  Persian  Gulf;  accidental  in  Labrador  (?).] 


40  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Larus  heermanni  CASSIN.    Heermann's  Gull.    [57.] 

Larus  heermanni  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1852,  187. 
(San  Diego,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  in  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  western  Mexico;  wanders  north  to  southern  British  Colum- 
bia; winters  from  northern  California  to  southern  Guatemala. 

Larus  atricilla  LINN^US.    Laughing  Gull.    [58.] 

Larus  atricilla  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  136.     (Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  temperate  coasts.  Breeds  from  Maine 
(rarely)  and  Massachusetts  (abundantly  but  locally)  south  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  to  Texas,  the  Lesser  Antilles  and  Vene- 
zuela; winters  from  Georgia  and  Gulf  coast  south  to  western  Mexico, 
Chile,  and  Brazil;  casual  in  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  Ontario, 
and  Iowa. 

Larus  franklini  RICHARDSON.     Franklin's  Gull.    [59.] 

Larus  franklinii  RICHARDSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  424, 
pi.  71.     (Saskatchewan  River.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southwestern 
Saskatchewan  and  southwestern  Keewatin  to  South  Dakota,  Iowa, 
and  southern  Minnesota;  winters  from  Gulf  coast  of  Louisiana  and 
Texas  to  Peru  and  Chile;  accidental  in  Utah,  Ontario,  Ohio,  Virginia, 
and  the  Lesser  Antilles. 

Larus  Philadelphia  (ORD).    Bonaparte's  Gull.    [60.] 

Sterna  Philadelphia  ORD,  in  GUTHRIE'S  Geog.,  2d  Am.  ed.,  1815,  319. 
(Near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska  and 
northern  Mackenzie  south  to  southern  British  Columbia  and  southern 
Keewatin;  winters  from  Maine  to  Florida  and  on  the  Gulf  coast  to 
Texas  and  Yucatan,  and  on  the  Pacific  coast  from  southern  British 
Columbia  south  to  Lower  California  and  western  Mexico  (Jalisco) ; 
in  migration  west  to  Kotzebue  Sound  and  east  to  Ungava;  casual  in 
Bermuda  and  the  Bahamas. 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  41 

[Larus  minutus  PALLAS.     Little  Gull.     [60.1.] 

Larus  minutus  PALLAS,  Reise  Russ.  Reichs,  III,  1776,  702.     (Berezof, 
Tobolsk,  Siberia.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  parts  of  Asia  and  Africa.  Breeds  in  northern 
Europe  and  Asia;  south  in  winter  to  the  Mediterranean;  accidental 
in  Bermuda  and  on  Long  Island,  New  York.] 


GENUS  RHODOSTETHIA  MACGILLIVRAY. 


Rhodostethia  MACGILLIVRAY,  Manual  Brit.  Orn.,  II,  1842,  252.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Larus  rossii  RICHARDSON  =  Larus  roseus  MACGILLIVRAY. 

Rhodostethia  rosea  (MACGILLIVRAY).     Ross's  Gull.    [61.] 

Larus  roseus  MACGILLIVRAY,  Mem.  Wernerian  Soc.,  V,  1824,  249.     (Ig- 
loolik,  Melville  Peninsula.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  in  delta  of  Kolyma  River, 
northeastern  Siberia;  migrates  to  Kamchatka,  north  coast  of  Alaska, 
Melville  Peninsula,  west  coast  of  Greenland,  and  Arctic  islands  of 
Europe;  casual  in  England,  Faroe  Islands,  and  Helgoland. 


GENUS  XEMA  LEACH. 

Xema  LEACH,  in  Ross's  Voy.  Baffin's  Bay,  1819,  App.,  Ivii.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Larus  sabini  SABINE. 

Xema  sabini  (J.  SABINE).    Sabine's  Gull.     [62.] 

Larus  sabini  SABINE,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XII,  Pt.  2,  1819,  522,  pi. 
29.     (Near  Melville  Bay,  west  coast  of  Greenland.) 

RANGE. — Arctic  regions  to  South  America.  Breeds  on  the  coast  of 
Alaska  from  Kuskokwim  River  to  Norton  Sound,  and  in  northern 
Mackenzie,  northern  Keewatin,  and  northern  Greenland,  and  on 
Arctic  islands  of  Europe  and  Asia;  in  migration  on  both  coasts  of 
United  States  and  casual  in  the  interior;  winters  in  Peru. 


42  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

SUBFAMILY  STERNIN^E.    TERNS. 
GENUS  GELOCHELIDON  BREHM. 

Gelochelidon  BREHM,  Isis,  XXIII,  1830,  994.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Lach- 
seeschwalbe,  Brehm,  Gelochelidon  meridionalis  BREHM  =  Sterna  nilotica 

LlNN^US. 

Gelochelidon  nilotica  (LINNJEUS).     Gull-billed  Tern.    [63.] 

Sterna  nilotica  LINN^US,  in    HASSELQUIST,    Reise    Palast.,   1762,  325. 
(River  Nile,  near  Cairo,  Egypt.) 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  Breeds  in  North  America  on 
coasts  of  Texas,  Louisiana,  North  Carolina,  Virginia  (formerly  to  New 
Jersey),  and  in  the  Bahamas;  wanders  casually  to  Maine  and  Ohio; 
winters  in  southern  Mexico,  southern  Guatemala,  and  from  Brazil 
south  to  Patagonia  and  Chile.  Breeds  also  in  Europe,  Asia,  and 
Australia,  and  winters  south  to  northern  Africa. 

GENUS  STERNA  LINNAEUS. 

Sterna  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  137.    Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Sterna  hirundo  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  THALASSEUS    BOIE. 

Thalasseus  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  563.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Sterna  caspia 
PALLAS  (Gray,  1855). 

St§rna  caspia  PALLAS.     Caspian  Tern.     [64.] 

Sterna  caspia  PALLAS,  Novi  Comm.  Acad.  Sci.  Imp.  Petrop.,  XIV,  Pt. 
i,  1770,  582,  pi.  xxii,  fig.  2.     (Caspian  Sea.) 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  Breeds  in  North  America  at 
Great  Slave  Lake,  Klamath  Lake,  Oregon,  on  islands  of  northern  Lake 
Michigan,  on  coast  of  southern  Labrador,  and  also  on  coasts  of  Texas, 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  South  Carolina,  and  (formerly)  Virginia;  win- 
ters from  coast  of  central  California  to  Lower  California  and  western 
Mexico  (Colima),  and  on  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts;  casual  in 
migration  north  to  Alaska,  James  Bay,  and  Newfoundland. 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  43 


SUBGENUS  ACTOCHELEDON  KAUP. 

Actochelidon  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  31.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Sterna  cantiaca  GMELIN  =  S.  sandvicensis  LATHAM. 

Sterna  maxima  BODDAERT.     Royal  Tern.    [65.] 

Sterna  maxima  BODDAERT,  Table  PL  Enl.,  1783,  58.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  coasts  north  to  United  States.  Breeds  in  West 
Indies  and  on  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  north  to  Virginia  and  west 
to  Texas;  wanders  casually  to  Massachusetts;  not  rare  in  summer 
from  San  Francisco  Bay  south  to  western  Mexico;  winters  from 
Monterey,  California,  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  south  to  Peru  and  Brazil, 
and  on  west  coast  of  Africa  from  Gibraltar  to  Angola. 

Sterna  elegans  GAMBEL.     Elegant  Tern.    [66.] 

Sterna  elegans  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  IV,  1848  (1849), 
129.     (Mazatlan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  San  Francisco  Bay  south  to  Chile, 
including  Gulf  of  California;  accidental  at  Corpus  Christi,  Texas. 

Sterna  sandvicensis  LATHAM. 

RANGE. —  Coast  and  interior  seas  of  Europe,  both  coasts  of  Africa, 
and  eastern  American  coast  from  North  Carolina  to  Brazil;  also  India 
and  Pacific  coast  of  Central  America. 

a.  [Sterna  sandvicensis  sandvicensis.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Sterna  sandvicensis  acuflavida  CABOT.    Cabot's  Tern.     [67.] 

Sterna  acuflavida  CABOT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  II,  1847,  257.     (Tancah, 
Yucatan.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  North  Carolina  to 
Florida,  Texas,  and  Mexico;  winters  from  the  Bahamas,  Florida,  and  Louisi- 
ana to  Central  America  (both  coasts),  the  Greater  Antilles,  Colombia,  and 
Brazil;  accidental  in  Ontario,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  and  the  Lesser 
Antilles. 


44  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


SUBGENUS  STERNA. 

[Sterna  trudeaui  AUDUBON.     Trudeau's  Tern.    [68.] 

Sterna  trudeaui  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1838,  pi.  409,  fig.  2. 
(Great  Egg  Harbor,  New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  southern  South  America.  Breeds  in  Argen- 
tina; casual  in  Chile  and  Brazil;  accidental  on  Long  Island  and  at 
Great  Egg  Harbor,  New  Jersey.] 

Sterna  f6rsteri  NUTTALL.     Forster's  Tern.     [69.] 

Sterna  forsteri  NUTTALL,  Manual  Orn.,  II,  1834,  274.     (Saskatchewan 
River.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  on  interior  lakes  of  California, 
southern  Oregon,  and  Nevada,  and  from  southwestern  Saskatchewan 
and  Manitoba  south  to  northern  Colorado,  northern  Nebraska, 
northeastern  Illinois,  and  southern  Ontario,  and  on  coasts  of  Texas, 
Louisiana,  and  Virginia;  winters  from  southern  California,  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  South  Carolina  to  southern  Guatemala;  in  migration 
occurs  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  casually  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts; 
casual  in  Brazil. 

Sterna  hirundo  LINN^US.     Common  Tern.     [70.] 

Sterna  hirundo  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  137.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere,  northern  South  America,  and 
Africa.  Breeds  from  Great  Slave  Lake,  central  Keewatin,  and 
southern  Ungava  south  to  southwestern  Saskatchewan,  northern 
North  Dakota,  southern  Wisconsin,  northern  Ohio,  and  North 
Carolina;  winters  from  Florida  to  Brazil;  casual  in  migration  on 
Pacific  coast  from  British  Columbia  to  Lower  California.  In  Eastern 
Hemisphere  breeds  in  Europe  and  Asia  and  winters  in  India  and 
southern  Africa. 

Sterna  paradissea  BRUNNICH.     Arctic  Tern.     [71.] 

Sterna  paradiscea   BRUNNICH,    Orn.   Borealis,  1764,  46.      (Christiansoe 
Island,  Denmark.) 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.     Breeds  from   northern   Alaska, 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  45 

Melville  Island,  and  northern  Greenland,  south  to  Commander  and 
Aleutian  islands,  northern  British  Columbia,  Great  Slave  Lake, 
central  Keewatin,  Maine,  and  (formerly)  Massachusetts,  and  in 
entire  Arctic  regions  of  Europe  and  Asia;  winters  in  Antarctic  Ocean, 
south  to  latitude  74°;  in  migration,  Pacific  coast  south  to  southern 
California,  and  Atlantic  coast  south  to  Long  Island;  accidental  in 
Colorado. 

Sterna  dougalli  MONTAGU.    Roseate  Tern.    [72.] 

Sterna  dougalli  MONTAGU,  Suppl.  Orn.  Diet.,  1813,  text  and  plate.     (The 
Cumbrses,  in  Firth  of  Clyde,  Scotland.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  regions.  Breeds  locally  from 
Sable  Island  to  Long  Island  and  from  the  Bahamas  to  Lesser  Antilles 
and  Venezuela;  formerly  from  Maine  to  Florida;  rare  migrant  in 
Central  America;  winters  from  the  Bahamas  to  Brazil;  accidental  in 
Ohio;  occurs  on  the  coasts  of  a  large  part  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 

Sterna  aleutica  BAIRD.     Aleutian  Tern.    [73.] 

Sterna  aleutica  BAIRD,  Trans.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.,  1, 1869,  321,  pi.  31,  fig.  1. 
(Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific.  Breeds  from  Norton  Sound  to  Kadiak 
Island,  and  occurs  on  Bering  Sea  coast  of  Siberia;  south  in  winter  to 
Japan. 

SUBGENUS  STERNULA  BOIE. 

Sternula  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  563.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Sterna  minuta 
LINNAEUS  =  S.  albifrons  PALLAS. 

Sterna  antillarum  (LESSON).     Least  Tern.     [74.] 

Sternula  antillarum  LESSON,   Compl.  GEuvres  Buffon,  XX,  1847,  256. 
(Guadeloupe  Island,  West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  temperate  America.  Breeds  on  coast  of 
southern  California  and  on  Gulf  coast  from  Texas  eastward;  also 
northward  to  Missouri  (formerly  to  Iowa)  and  northwestern  Nebraska; 
has  occurred  in  Wisconsin  and  South  Dakota;  breeds  also  from 
the  coasts  of  Massachusetts,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  Florida 


46  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

south  to  the  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  British  Honduras,  and  Venezuela; 
now  rare,  but  formerly  abundant  in  the  breeding  season  from  Florida 
to  Maine,  wandering  to  Labrador  and  Newfoundland;  in  migration 
occurs  on  the  coasts  of  Lower  California  and  western  Mexico ;  winters 
from  the  Gulf  coast  to  Venezuela  and  Peru. 


SUBGENUS  ONYCHOPRION  WAGLER. 

Onychoprion  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXV,  1832,  277.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Sterna 
serrata  WAGLER  =  S.  fuscata  LINNAEUS. 

Sterna  fusc&ta  LINNAEUS.    Sooty  Tern.    [75.] 

Sterna  fuscata  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12, 1, 1766, 228.     (Santo  Domingo, 
West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  subtropical  coasts,  except  Pacific  coast  of 
South  America.  Breeds  in  America  from  Florida,  Louisiana,  and 
Texas  throughout  the  Bahamas,  West  Indies,  and  tropical  islands  of 
the  Atlantic;  wanders  north  rarely  to  Maine;  winters  from  Louisiana 
to  Brazil  and  the  Falkland  Islands. 

[Sterna  anaetheta  SCOPOLI.     Bridled  Tern.    [76.] 

Sterna  ancethetus  SCOPOLI,  Del.  Florae  et  Faunae  Insubr.,   II,  1786,  92. 
(Panay  Island,  Philippines.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  regions.  Breeds  throughout  the  Bahamas 
and  the  West  Indies  to  Venezuela,  and  also  in  tropical  parts  of  the 
Eastern  Hemisphere;  accidental  in  Florida  and  South  Carolina.] 


GENUS  HYDROCHELIDON  BOIE. 

Hydrochelidon  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  563.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Sterna 
nigra  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1841). 


ORDER   LONGIPENNES.  47 

Hydrochelidon  nigra  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  Europe,  south  in  winter  to  both  coasts  of  Africa;  temperate 
interior  of  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  South  America. 

[a.     Hydrochelidon  nigra  nigra.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Hydrochelidon  nigra  suriname"nsis  (GMELIN).    Black  Tern.    [77.] 

Sterna  surinamensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  604.     (Surinam.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southwestern  British 
Columbia,  Great  Slave  Lake,  southern  Keewatin,  and  western  Ontario  south 
to  inland  lakes  of  California,  Nevada,  Colorado,  northern  Missouri,  and  north- 
ern Ohio;  winters  from  Mazatlan,  Mexico,  to  Panama,  Peru,  and  Chile;  east 
coast  of  United  States  in  autumn;  accidental  in  Alaska,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
New  Brunswick;  casual  in  the  West  Indies  and  Bahamas. 

[Hydrochelidon  leucdptera  (TEMMINCK).  White-winged  Black  Tern.  [78.] 

Sterna  leucoptera  TEMMINCK,  Manuel  d'Orn.,  1815,  483.      (Shores  of  the 
Mediterranean;   Swiss  Lakes,  etc.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 
Breeds  from  central  and  southern  Europe  eastward  through  temperate 
Asia  to  China;  in  winter  southward  throughout  Africa,  and  to  Aus- 
tralia and  New  Zealand;  accidental  at  Lake  Koshkonong,  Wisconsin, 
and  on  Barbados.] 


GENUS  ANGUS  STEPHENS. 

Anous  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  Pt.  i,  1826,  139.  Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Anous  niger  STEPHENS  =  Sterna  stolida  LINNAEUS  (Gray, 
1840). 

Anous  stdlidus  (LINNAEUS).    Noddy.    [79.] 

Sterna  stolida  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  137.     (West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  coasts.  Breeds  on  the  Florida  Keys,  on  the 
coast  of  Louisiana,  and  in  the  Bahamas  and  West  Indies;  winters 
south  to  Brazil  and  Tristan  da  Cunha  Island. 


48  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

FAMILY  RYNCHOPID^E.    SKIMMERS. 
GENUS  RYNCHOPS  LINN^US. 

Rynchops  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  138.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Rynchops  nigra  LINNAEUS. 

Rynchops  nigra  LINNAEUS.     Black  Skimmer.     [80.] 

Rynchops  nigra  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  138.     (Coast  of 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  temperate  America.  Breeds  from  Virginia 
(formerly  New  Jersey)  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  Texas;  wanders  casually 
north  to  Bay  of  Fundy;  winters  from  the  Gulf  coast  to  Colima,  Mex- 
ico, and  Costa  Rica;  casual  in  the  West  Indies. 


ORDER  TUBINAEES.     TUBE-NOSED  SWIMMERS. 

FAMILY  DIOMEDEIDJE.    ALBATROSSES. 
GENUS  DIOMEDEA  LINN^US. 

Diomedea  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 132.    Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Diomedea  exulans  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  PHGEBASTRIA  REICHENBACH. 

Phoebastria  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  v.    Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Diomedea  brachyura  TEMMINCK  =  D.  albatrus  PALLAS. 

Diomedea  nigripes  AUDUBON.     Black-footed  Albatross.    [81.] 

Diomedea  nigripes  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  327.     (Pacific  Ocean, 
Lat.  30°  44'  N.,  Long.  146°  W.) 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific.  Breeds  on  islands  northwest  of  Hawaii 
and  on  Marshall  Islands;  occurs  off  coast  from  southern  Alaska  to 
California  and  western  Mexico,  and  off  coasts  of  China  and  Japan. 


ORDER  TUBINARES.  4VJ 

Diomedea  albatrus  PALLAS.    Short-tailed  Albatross.     [82.] 

Diomedea  albatrus  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  v,  1769,  28.      (Vicinity 
of  Kamchatka.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  Ocean  from  Bering  Strait,  Bering  Sea,  and  Aleu- 
tian Islands  to  China  and  Lower  California. 

Diomedea  immutabilis  ROTHSCHILD.     Laysan  Albatross.    [82.1.] 

Diomedea  immutabilis  ROTHSCHILD,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Club,  I,  June,  1893, 
xlviii.     (Laysan  Island,  North  Pacific.) 

RANGE. —  Laysan  and    Midway   islands   to  San   Geronimo    and 
Guadalupe  islands,  Lower  California. 


[GENUS  THALASSOGERON  RIDGWAY. 

Thalassogeron  RIDGWAY,  in  Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  357.    Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Diomedea  culminata  GOULD. 

Thalassogeron  culininatus  (GOULD).    Yellow-nosed  Albatross.    [83.] 

Diomedea  culminata  GOULD,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1843,  107.     ("South- 
ern, Indian,  and  South  Pacific  oceans.") 

RANGE. —  Indian  and   South  Pacific  oceans;    casual  off  coast  of 
Oregon;    accidental  in  Gulf  of  St.   Lawrence.] 


[GENUS  PHGEBETRIA  REICHENBACH. 

Phoebetria  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  v.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Diomedea  fuliginosa  GMELIN  =  D.  palpebrata  FORSTER. 

Phoebetria  palpebrata  (J.  R.  FORSTER).    Sooty  Albatross.    [84.] 

Diomedea  palpebrata  FORSTER,  Me"m.  pre*s.  Acad.  Roy.  Sci.  [Paris],  X, 
1785,  571,  pi.  xv.     (Lat.  47°-71°10/  S.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans,  north  casually  to  Oregon.] 


50  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


FAMILY  PROGELLARIIDJE.    FULMARS,  SHEARWATERS,    AND 
PETRELS. 


SUBFAMILY  FULMARIN.fi.     FULMAKS. 
[GENUS  MACRONECTES  RICHMOND. 

Macronectes  RICHMOND,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905,  76.    Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Procellaria  gigantea  GMELIN. 

Macronectes  giganteus  (GMELIN).     Giant  Fulmar.    [85.] 

Procellaria  gigantea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  563.     (Probably 
Falkland  Islands  and  vicinity.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans,  north  to  about  latitude  30°  S.;  casual 
off  coast  of  Oregon.] 

GENUS  FULMARUS  STEPHENS. 

Fulmarus  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  Pt.  i,  1826,  233.    Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Procellaria  glacialis  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1855). 

Fulmarus  glacialis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  Atlantic  and  North  Pacific  oceans. 

a.    Fulmarus  glacialis  glacialis  (LINNAEUS).    Fulmar.    [86.] 

Procellaria  glacialis  LINNAEUS,  Fauna  Suecica,  ed.  2,  1761,  51.     (Spitz- 
bergen?  —  "intra  circulum  arcticum.") 

RANGE. —  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  from  northern  Greenland  to  Cumber- 
land Sound  and  east  at  least  to  Franz  Josef  Land;  ranges  north  to  latitude 
85°  and  west  to  Melville  Island;  winters  south  of  the  Arctic  Circle  to  the 
fishing  banks  off  Newfoundland  and  to  George  Bank  off  Massachusetts, 
and  casually  to  New  Jersey. 

6.    Fulmarus  glacialis  glupfscha  STEJNEGER.     Pacific  Fulmar.    [866.] 

Fulmarus  glacialis  glupischa  STEJNEGER,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  234.     (North- 
west coast  of  America.) 


ORDER  TUBINARES.  51 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific.  Breeds  on  Commander  Islands;  south  in  migra- 
tion and  in  winter  from  Aleutian  Islands  to  Lower  California;  casual  on 
Herald  Island. 

Fulmarus  rodgersi  CASSIN.     Rodgers's  Fulmar.    [86.1.] 

Fulmarus  rodgersii  CASSIN,   Proc.   Acad.  Nat.   Sci.   Phila.,   1862,   326. 
("  South  Indian  Ocean"  =  North  Pacific.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  on  Wrangel  and  Herald  islands,  and  islands  of 
Bering  Sea  north  of  Aleutian  Islands;  winters  south  to  San  Diego, 
California. 


GENUS  PRIOCELLA  HOMBRON   &  JACQUINOT. 

Priocella  HOMBRON  &  JACQUINOT,  Comptes  Rendus,  XVIII,  1844,  357. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Priocella  garnoti  HOMBRON  &  JACQUINOT  =  Pro- 
cellaria  glacialoides  SMITH. 

Priocella  glacialoides  (A.  SMITH).    Slender-billed  Fulmar.    [87.] 

Procellaria  glacialoides  SMITH,  Illustr.  Zool.  S.  Africa,  Pt.  xi,  Aves,  1840, 
pi.  51,  and  text.  (South  African  coasts.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans;  north  along  the  Pacific  coast  to  Oregon. 


[GENUS  DAPTION  STEPHENS. 

Daption  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  Pt.  i,  1826,  239.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Procellaria  capensis  LINNAEUS. 

Diption  cape*nse  (LINNAEUS).     Pintado  Petrel.    [102.] 

Procellaria  capensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  132.     (Cape  of 
Good  Hope.) 

RANGE. —  Oceans  of  Southern  Hemisphere,  north  to  central  Brazil, 
Ceylon,  and  latitude  5°  S.  on  the  coast  of  Peru;  accidental  off  Cali- 
fornia, Maine,  and  England.] 


52  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

SUBFAMILY  PUFFININ2E.     SHEARWATERS  AND  PETRELS. 
GENUS  PUFFINUS  BRISSON. 

Puffinus  BRISSON,  On.,  VI,  1760,  130.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Puffinus] 
puffinus  BRISSON  =  Procellaria  puffinus  BRUNNICH. 

Puffinus  bore  alls  CORY.     Cory's  Shearwater.    [88.] 

Puffinus  borealis  CORY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VI,  Jan.,  1881,  84.     (Near 
Chatham  Island,  Cape  Cod,  Mass.) 

RANGE. —  Known  only  from  off  coasts  of  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  and  Long  Island  (August  to  November). 

Puffinus  gravis  (O'REILLY).     Greater  Shearwater.    [89.] 

Procellaria  gravis  O'REILLY,  Greenland,  Adjacent  Seas,  etc.,  1818,  140, 
pi.  12,  fig.  1.     (Cape  Farewell  and  Staten  Hook  to  Newfoundland.) 

RANGE. —  Atlantic  Ocean,  from  Arctic  Circle  south  to  Cape  Horn 
and  Cape  of  Good  Hope;  occurs  off  the  eastern  coast  of  North  Amer- 
ica from  June  to  November. 

[Puffinus  puffinus  (BRUNNICH).     Manx  Shearwater.    [90.] 

Procellaria  puffinus  BRUNNICH,  Orn.  Borealis,  1764,  29.     (Faroe  Islands 
and  Norway.) 

RANGE. —  North  Atlantic,  chiefly  on  eastern  side,  south  to  coast  of 
Brazil;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 

Puffinus  creatopus  COUES.     Pink-footed  Shearwater.    [91.] 

Puffinus  creatopus  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  131.     (San 
Nicolas  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean,  from  Farallon  Islands,  California, 
south  to  Juan  Fernandez  Islands,  Chile. 

Puffinus  Iherminieri  LESSON.     Audubon's  Shearwater.    [92.] 

Puffinus  Iherminieri  LESSON,  Revue  Zool.,  II,  1839,  102.     ("Ad  ripas 
Antillarum.") 


ORDER  TUBINARES.  53 

RANGE. —  Warmer  parts  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Breeds  in 
Bermuda,  the  Bahamas,  and  Lesser  Antilles;  north  casually  from 
Florida  to  Long  Island,  and  also  in  the  Greater  Antilles. 

[Puffinus  assimilis  GOULD.     Allied  Shearwater.    [92.1.] 

Puffinus  assimilis    GOULD,  Proc.   Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,   1837   (1838),   156. 
(New  South  Wales.) 

RANGE. —  Australian  and  New  Zealand  seas,  and  northward  in 
Atlantic  Ocean  to  Madeira  Islands;  accidental  on  Sable  Island, 
Nova  Scotia.] 

Puffinus  opisthomelas  COUES.    Black-vented  Shearwater.    [93.] 

Puffinus  opisthomelas  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  139. 
(Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  Ocean.  Breeds  on  islands  off  the  coast  of  Lower 
California  and  western  Mexico;  in  migration  abundant  on  the  coast 
of  California;  casual  north  to  Vancouver  Island. 

Puffinus   auricularis   C.   H.   TOWNSEND.      Townsend's   Shearwater. 
[93.1.] 

Puffinus  auricularis  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII,  1890,  133. 
(Clarion  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Clarion  Island,  north  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia. 

Puffinus  griseus  (GMELIN).    Sooty  Shearwater.    [95.] 

Procellaria  grisea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  564.     (Southern  Hemi- 
sphere, from  35°-50°  S.  lat.) 

RANGE. —  Oceans  of  Southern  Hemisphere;  occurs  in  summer  on 
the  Pacific  coast  from  southern  Alaska  to  Lower  California,  and  on 
the  Atlantic  coast  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  South  Carolina; 
accidental  in  Alabama;  probably  breeds  hi  the  South  Pacific. 

Puffinus  tenuirostris  (TEMMINCK).    Slender-billed  Shearwater.     [96.] 

Procellaria  tenuirostris  TEMMINCK,  Planches  Col.,  V,  1835,  text  to  pi.  587. 
(Seas  north  of  Japan,  and  coast  of  Korea.) 


54  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Southern  Hemisphere;  migrates  north  along 
both  coasts  of  the  North  Pacific  to  Kotzebue  Sound,  Alaska. 

Puffinus  cuneatus  SALVIN.     Wedge-tailed  Shearwater.     [96.1.] 

Puffinus    cuneatus     SALVIN,    Ibis,     1888,    353.      (Krusenstern    Island, 
Marshall  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Breeds  on  Hawaiian  Islands  and 
islands  off  coast  of  western  Mexico;  occurs  in  migration  north  to 
Bonin  Islands,  and  Lower  California. 

Puffinus  bulleri  SALVIN.     New  Zealand  Shearwater.    [96.2.] 

Puffinus  butteri  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1888,  354.     (Warkanae  coast,  New  Zealand.) 

RANGE. —  New  Zealand;  north  casually  to  California. 


[GENUS  PRIOFINUS  HOMBRON   &  JACQUINOT. 

Priofinus  HOMBRON  &  JACQUINOT,  Comptes  Rendus,  XVIII,  1844,  355. 
Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Procellaria  cinerea  GMELIN  (Gray,  1855). 

Priofinus  cin§reus  (GMELIN).     Black-tailed  Shearwater.     [97.] 

Procellaria  cinerea  GMELIN,   Syst.   Nat.,   I,   ii,    1789,   563.     (Antarctic 
regions.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans;  accidental  once  off  coast  of  California.] 


GENUS  JESTRELATA  BONAPARTE. 

jEstrelata  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  II,  1855,  188.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Procellaria  hasitata  KUHL  (Coues,  1866). 

[.fflstrSlata  hasitata  (KUHL).    Black-capped  Petrel.    [98.] 

Procellaria  hasitata  KUHL.   Beitrage   ZooL,    1820,    142.     ("Mers  de  1' 
Inde.") 

RANGE. —  Warmer  parts   of  Atlantic   Ocean.     Bred  formerly   in 
the  Lesser  Antilles,  straying  to  Haiti,  Florida,  Virginia,  New  York 


ORDER  TUBINARES.  55 

(Ulster  County,  Oneida  Lake,  and  Long  Island),  New  Hampshire, 
Kentucky,  Ohio,  and  Ontario,  and  also  to  England  and  France; 
probably  now  extinct.] 

-fflstrelata  scalaris  BREWSTER.    Scaled  Petrel.     [99.] 

Mstrelata  scalaris  BREWSTER,  Auk,  III,  July,  1886,  300.     (Mount  Morris, 
Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.) 

RANGE. —  Known  from  a  single  specimen,   taken   in   Livingston 
County,  New  York. 

-fflstrelata  fisheri  RIDGWAY.     Fisher's  Petrel.    [100.] 

(Estrelatajisheri  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1883,  656.     (Kadiak 
Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Known  only  from  two  specimens,  taken  at  Kadiak  Island 
and  Sitka,  Alaska. 


[GENUS  BULWERIA  BONAPARTE. 

Bulweria  BONAPARTE,  Nuovi  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  [Bologna],  VIII,  1842  (1843), 
426.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Procellaria  bulwerii  JARDINE  &  SELBY. 

Bulweria  bulweri  (JARDINE  &  SELBY).    Bulwer's  Petrel.    [101.] 

Procellaria  bulwerii  JARDINE  &  SELBY,  Illustr.  Orn.,  II,  Nov.,  1828,  pi. 
65.     (Madeira,  or  the  small  islands  adjacent.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  Pacific  (Bonin  Islands,  Hawaii,  and 
others)  and  temperate  North  Atlantic  (east  side);  accidental  in 
Greenland.] 


SUBFAMILY  PROCELLARIINA.     STORM  PETRELS. 
GENUS  HALOCYPTENA  COUES. 

Halocyptena  COUES,   Proc.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.   Phila.,    1864,   78.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Halocyptena  microsoma  COUES. 

Halocyptena  microsoma  COUES.    Least  Petrel.    [103.] 

Halocyptena  microsoma  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  79. 
(San  Jose"  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 


56  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean.  Breeds  on  islands  off  Lower 
California;  south  in  migration  to  western  Mexico,  Panama,  and 
Ecuador. 

GENUS  THALASSIDROMA  VIGORS. 

Thalassidroma  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  II,  1825,  405  (note).     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Procellaria  pelagica  LINN^JUS. 

Thalassidroma  pelagica  (LINNAEUS).    Storm  Petrel.    [104.] 

Procellaria  pelagica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  131.     (Coast 
of  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  The  more  easterly  portions  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  south 
to  the  Mediterranean  and  west  coast  of  Africa.  Said  to  occur  at  times 
on  the  Newfoundland  Banks  and  off  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Breeds  on  islands  off  Great  Britain. 

GENUS  OCEANODROMA  REICHENBACH. 

Oceanodroma  REICHENBACH,   Syst.  Avium,   1852,   iv.     Type,   by  orig- 
desig.,  Procellaria  furcata  GMELIN. 

SUBGENUS  OCEANODROMA. 

Oceanodroma  furcata  (GMELIN).     Forked-tailed  Petrel.    [105.] 

Procellaria  furcata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  561.     ("Among  the 
ice  between  Asia  and  America.") 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds  from 
Commander  and  Aleutian  islands  south  to  islands  off  Oregon;  in 
migration  occurs  on  both  shores  of  Bering  Sea  north  to  Kotzebue 
Sound;  wanders  south  to  San  Pedro,  California;  accidental  on  Tanana 
River,  Alaska. 

SUBGENUS  CTMOCHOREA  COUES. 

Cymochorea  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  75.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Procellaria  leucorhoa  VIEILLOT. 

Oceanodroma  kaedingi  ANTHONY.     Kaeding's  Petrel.    [105.2.] 

Oceanodroma  kaedingi  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XV,  Jan.,  1898,  37.     (Near  Guada- 
lupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 


ORDER  TUBINARES.  57 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  on  islands  off 
Washington,  Oregon,  and  California  from  Cape  Flattery  south  to 
the  Farallones;  south  in  migration  to  Guadalupe,  Socorro,  and  Clarion 
islands. 

Oceanodroma  leucorhoa  (VIEILLOT).     Leach's  Petrel.    [106.] 

Procettaria  leucorhoa  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXV,  1817, 
422.     (Picardy,  France.) 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific  and  North  Atlantic  oceans.  Breeds  from 
the  Aleutian  and  Copper  islands,  Bering  Sea,  south  to  Sitka,  and 
from  southern  Greenland  south  to  Maine  and  the  Hebrides;  casual 
in  migration  south  to  Virginia. 

Oceanodroma  macrodactyla  W.  BRYANT.     Guadalupe  Petrel.    [106.1.] 

Oceanodroma  leucorhoa  macrodactyla  BRYANT,   Bull.   Calif.   Acad.   Sci., 
II,  No.  8,  July  23,  1887,  450.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 

[Oceanodroma  castro  (HARCOURT).     Hawaiian  Petrel.     [106.2.] 

Thalassidroma  castro  HARCOURT,  Sketch  of  Madeira,  1851,  123.     (De- 
zerta  Islands,  near  Madeira.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans;  north  in  the  Atlantic  to  Madeira,  in 
the  Pacific  to  the  Galapagos  and  Hawaiian  islands;  accidental  in 
Indiana  and  the  District  of  Columbia.] 

Oceanodroma  melania  (BONAPARTE).     Black  Petrel.     [107.] 

Procellaria  melania  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXVIII,  1854,  662. 
(Coast  of  California  [probably  near  San  Diego].) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  Pacific.  Breeds  from  Los  Coronados  Islands 
to  the  Tres  Marias  Islands;  wanders  north  to  Santa  Barbara  Islands, 
and  south  to  Guerrero,  Mexico. 

Oceanodroma  homochroa  (COUES).     Ashy  Petrel.    [108.] 

Cymochorea  homochroa  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  77. 
(Farallon  Islands,  California.) 


58  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  California.     Breeds  on  the  Farallon  and  San 
Miguel  islands. 

Oceanodroma  socorroensis  C.  H.  TOWNSEND.    Socorro  Petrel.     [108.1.] 

Oceanodroma  socorroensis  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII,  1890, 
134.     (Socorro  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  San   Diego,  California,  south  to  islands  off  west  coast 
of  Mexico;  breeds  on  Los  Coronados  Islands  and  San  Benito  Island. 


SUBFAMILY  OCEANITINJE.     LONG-LEGGED  STORM  PETRELS. 
GENUS  OCEANITES  KEYSERLING   &  BLASIUS. 

Oceanites  KEYSERLING  &  BLASIUS,  Wirbelth.  Eur.,  I,  1840,  xciii,  131,  238. 
Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Procellaria  wilsonii  BONAPARTE  =  P.  oceanica 
KUHL  (Gray,  1841). 

Oceanites  oceanicus  (KUHL).    Wilson's  Petrel.    [109.] 

Procellaria  oceanica  KUHL,  Beitrage  Zool.,  1820,  136,  pi.  10,  fig.  1. 
(Southern  oceans;  locality  not  given.) 

RANGE. —  South  Polar  regions  north  to  Labrador  and  British  Isles. 
Breeds  on  Antarctic  islands  in  February;  occurs  off  American  coast 
from  May  to  September;  accidental  on  Muskoka  Lake,  Ontario. 

[GENUS  FREGETTA  BONAPARTE. 

Fregetta  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XLI,  1855,  1113.  Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Thalassidroma  leucogaster  GOULD  =  Procellaria  grallaria  VIEIL- 

LOT. 

Fregetta  grallaria  (VIEILLOT).     White-bellied  Petrel.     [110.] 

Procellaria  grallaria  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXV,  1817,  418. 
(Australia.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans  north  to  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  Atlantic 
Ocean  to  Tropic  of  Cancer;  accidental  at  St.  Marks,  Florida.] 


ORDER   STEGANOPODES.  59 


[GENUS  PELAGODROMA  REICHENBACH. 

Pelagodroma   REICHENBACH,   Syst.   Avium,    1852,   iv.     Type,   by   orig. 
desig.,  Procellaria  marina  LATHAM. 

Pelagodroma  marina  (LATHAM).     White-faced  Petrel.    [111.] 

Procellaria  marina  LATHAM,  Index  On.,  II,  1790,  826.     (37°  S.  lat.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  oceans,  north  to  the  Canaries;    accidental  off 
Massachusetts  and  Great  Britain.] 


ORDER  STEGANOPODES.     TOTIPALMATE 
SWIMMERS. 

FAMILY  PHAETHONTIDJE.    TROPIC-BIRDS. 
GENUS  PHAETHON  LINN^US. 

Phaethon  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  134.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Phaethon  cethereus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Phaethon  americanus  GRANT.    Yellow-billed  Tropic-bird.    [112.] 

Phaeton  americanus  GRANT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Club,  VII,  Dec.,  1897,  xxiv. 
(Bermuda  and  the  West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Florida  and  Bermuda  south  to  West  Indies  and  Atlantic 
coast  of  Central  America;  accidental  in  western  New  York,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  Arizona. 

Phaethon  sethereus  LINN.EUS.     Red-billed  Tropic-bird.    [113.] 

Phaethon  cethereus  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758, 134.     (Ascencion 
Island,  South  Atlantic.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  tropical  America.  Breeds  in  Lesser  Antilles, 
and  from  San  Pedro  Martir  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  south  to  coast 
of  Peru;  ranges  north  to  Cape  Colnett,  Lower  California;  casual  in 
Greater  Antilles;  accidental  on  Newfoundland  Banks. 


60  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

[Phaethon  rubricaudus  BODDAERT.     Red-tailed  Tropic-bird.     [113.1.] 
Phaeton  rubricauda  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  57.     (Mauritius.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  Indian  and  Pacific  oceans,  north  to  Laysan 
Island  where  it  breeds;  accidental  near  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower 
California.] 

FAMILY  SULID-ffi.     GANNETS. 
GENUS  SULA  BRISSON. 

Sula  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,  1760,  494.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Sula]  sula 
BRISSON  =  Pelecanus  piscator  LINN^US. 

[Sula  cyanops  (SUNDEVALL).     Blue-faced  Booby.    [114.] 

Dysporus  cyanops  SUNDEVALL,  Phys.  Sallsk.  Tidskr.  [Lund],  I,  1838,  218, 
pi.  v.     (Atlantic  Ocean,  near  the  Equator.) 

RANGE. —  Atlantic,  South  Pacific,  and  Indian  oceans.  Breeds  in 
the  Bahamas  and  West  Indies  and  occurs  casually  in  southern  Florida.] 

Sula  nebouxi  MILNE-EDWARDS.     Blue-footed  Booby.    [114.1.] 

Sula  nebouxii  MILNE-EDWARDS,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.   (Zool.),  se"r.   6,  XIII, 
1882,  Art.  4,  37,  pi.  xiv.     (Pacific  coast  of  America  [probably  Chile].) 

RANGE. —  Islands  in  Gulf  of  California  and  south  to  the  Galapagos 
Islands  and  coast  of  Chile. 

Sula  leucog&stra  (BODDAERT).     Booby.     [115.] 

Pelecanus  leucogaster  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  57.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  Atlantic  coasts  of  tropical  America,  and  Pacific  and 
Indian  oceans;  casual  on  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  United 
States  from  South  Carolina  to  Louisiana;  accidental  on  Long  Island 
and  in  Massachusetts. 

Sula  brewsteri  Goss.     Brewster's  Booby.    [115.1.] 

Sula  brewsteri  Goss,  Auk,  V,  July,  1888,  242.     (San  Pedro  Martir  Island, 
Gulf  of  California.) 


ORDER  STEGANOPODES.  61 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  eastern  Pacific,  from  Lower  Cali- 
fornia south  to  the  Galapagos;  breeding  as  far  north  as  Georges  Island 
at  head  of  Gulf  of  California. 

[Sula  piscator  (LiNN^us).     Red-footed  Booby.     [116.] 

Pekcanus  piscator  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  134.     (China 
Sea.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  tropical  and  subtropical  seas, 
from  Florida  and  western  Mexico  southward.] 

Sula  bass  ana  (LINNAEUS).     Gannet.    [117.] 

Pelecanus  bassanus  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  133.     (Coleshill, 
England,  and  Bass  Island,  Scotland.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  North  Atlantic.  Breeds  on  Bird  Rock  and 
Bonaventure  Island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  islets  off 
British  Islands;  winters  from  North  Carolina  coast  south  to  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  on  coasts  of  North  Africa,  Madeira,  and  the  Canaries; 
occurs  off  eastern  United  States  in  migration;  casual  north  to  Green- 
land; accidental  in  Indiana  and  Ontario. 


FAMILY  ANHINGIDJE.     DARTERS. 
GENUS  ANHINGA  BRISSON. 

Anhinga  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,  1760,  476.     Type,  by  monotypy,  [Anhinga] 
anhinga  BRISSON  =  Plotus  anhinga  LINNJEUS. 

Anhinga  anhinga  (LiNN^us).     Water-Turkey.    [118.] 

Plotus  anhinga  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  218.     (Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  America  north  to  western  Mexico  (Tepic), 
Texas,  Florida,  southern  Illinois,  and  North  Carolina,  and  casually  to 
Kansas;  accidental  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 


62  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

FAMILY  PHALACROCORAGIDJE.     CORMORANTS. 

GENUS  PHALACROCORAX  BRISSON. 

Phalacrocorax  BRISSON,   Orn.,   VI,    1760,   511.     Type,   by  tautonymy, 
[Phalacrocorax]   phalacrocorax   BRISSON  =  Pelecanus   carbo   LINN^US. 

SUBGENUS  PHALACROCORAX. 

Phalacrocorax  carbo  (LiNN^us).     Cormorant.     [119.] 

Pelecanus  carbo  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  133.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  central  Greenland 
south  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  east  through  Europe  and  Asia  to  Kam- 
chatka; winters  from  southern  Greenland  south  to  Long  Island, 
casually  to  Lake  Ontario  and  South  Carolina,  and  from  the  Medi- 
terranean south  to  southern  Africa,  Australia,  and  Malay  Peninsula. 

Phalacrocorax  auritus  (LESSON). 
RANGE. —  North  America. 

a.  Phalacrocorax    auritus  auritus    (LESSON).     Double- crested    Cormorant. 

[120]. 

Carbo  auritus  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  1831,  605.     ("  Nouvelle-Ze"lande  "  = 
North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Saskatchewan 
(casually  Great  Slave  Lake),  southern  Keewatin,  northeastern  Quebec,  and 
Newfoundland  south  to  northern  Utah,  South  Dakota,  southern  Minnesota, 
and  Penobscot  Bay,  Maine;  winters  from  North  Carolina  (casually  Massa- 
chusetts) south  to  Gulf  coast ;  casual  in  Bermuda. 

b.  Phalacrocorax  auritus  floridanus  (AUDUBON).    Florida  Cormorant.    [1 20o.] 

Carbo  floridanus  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  III,  1835,  pi.  252.     (Flor- 
ida Keys.) 

RANGE. —  Subtropical  and  temperate  North  America.  Breeds  from  south- 
ern Illinois,  Louisiana,  North  Carolina,  Bahamas,  and  Cuba  south  to  British 
Honduras  and  Yucatan ;  winters  north  to  Texas  and  South  Carolina ;  wanders 
to  the  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia;  accidental  in  the  Lesser  Antilles. 


ORDER   STEGANOPODES.  63 

c.  Phalacrocorax  anritus  cincinatus  (BRANDT).    White-crested  Cormorant. 

[1206.] 

Carbo  cincinatus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe"tersb.,  Ill, 
1837,  55.     (Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  of  North  America,  breeding  from  southern 
Alaska  south  to  Washington;  south  in  winter  to  California. 

d.  Phalacrocorax  auritus  albociliatus  RIDGWAY.  Farallon  Cormorant.    [  120c.] 

Phalacrocorax  dilophus  albociliatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
II,  April  10,  1884,  94.     (Farallon  Islands,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  and  inland  lakes  of  Oregon,  western  Nevada,  and  Cali- 
fornia south  to  southern  Lower  California  and  Socorro  Islands;  casual  east  to 
Utah. 

Phalacrocorax  vigua  (VIEILLOT). 
RANGE. —  South  America,  north  to  the  lower  Mississippi  Valley. 

a.  [Phalacrocorax  vigua  vigua.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Phalacrocorax  vigua  mexic£nus  (BRANDT).    Mexican  Cormorant.     [121.] 

Carbo  mexicanus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe"tersb.,  Ill, 
1837, 56.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  New  Mexico,  Kansas,  and  southern  Illinois  south  to  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  Nicaragua. 


SUBGENUS  COMPSOHALIEUS  RIDGWAY. 

Compsohalieus  RIDGWAY,  in  Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  145.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Carbo  penicillatus  BRANDT. 

Phalacrocorax  penicillatus  (BRANDT).     Brandt's  Cormorant.     [122.] 

Carbo  penicillatus  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe"tersb.,  Ill, 
1837,  55.     (Type  locality  unknown.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast,  from  Vancouver  Island  to  Cape  San  Lucas. 


SUBGENUS  URILE  BONAPARTE. 

Urile  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  II,  1855,  175.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Pelecanus  urile  GMELIN. 


64  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Phalacrocorax  pelagicus  PALLAS. 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  the  North  Pacific. 

a.     Phalacrocorax  pelagicus  pelagicus  PALLAS.     Pelagic  Cormorant.    [123.] 

Phalacrocorax  pelagicus  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiatica,  II,  1826  (1811?), 
303.     (Kamchatkan  seas,  and  Aleutian  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Aleutian  and  Kuril  islands  and  Kamchatka  south  to  southern 
China. 

6.     Phalacrocorax  pelagicus   robustus  RIDGWAY.     Violet-green  Cormorant. 
[123a.] 

Phalacrocorax  pelagicus  robustus  RIDGWAY,  in  Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II, 
1884,  160.     (Coast  of  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Norton  Sound,   Alaska,   south   to   Washington;    accidental   at 
Point  Barrow,  Alaska. 

c.    Phalacrocorax    pelagicus    resple"ndens    AUDUBON.     Baird's    Cormorant. 
[1236.] 

Phalacrocorax  resplendens  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1838,  pi. 
412,  fig.  1.     (Cape  Disappointment,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  from  northern  Washington  south 
to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  Mazatlan,  Mexico. 

Phalacrocorax  urile  (GMELIN).     Red-faced  Cormorant.     [124.] 

Pelecanus  urile  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  575.     (Kamchatka.) 

RANGE. —  Aleutian  and  other  islands  of  Bering  Sea  to  Bering  Strait, 
Kuril  Islands,  and  Kamchatka. 


FAMILY  PELEGANIDJE.     PELICANS. 

GENUS  PELECANUS  LINN^US. 

Pelecanus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  132.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Pelecanus  onocroialus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  CYKTOPELICANUS  REICHENBACH. 

Cyrtopelicanus  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  vii.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Pelecanus  trachyrhynchus  LATHAM  =  P.  erythrorhynchos  GMELIN. 


ORDER   STEGANOPODES.  65 

Pelecanus  erythrorhynchos  GMELIN.     White  Pelican.     [125.] 

Pelecanus  erythrorhynchos  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  571.     (Hudson 
Bay,  and  New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  southwestern  Keewatin  to 
Manitoba  (formerly  southern  Minnesota  and  South  Dakota),  Utah 
and  southern  California;  winters  from  southern  California,  the  Gulf 
States,  Florida,  and  Cuba  south  to  western  Mexico  and  Costa  Rica; 
casual  east  in  migration  to  the  Atlantic  coast,  north  to  New  Bruns- 
wick. 

SUBGENUS  LEPTOPELICANUS  REICHENBACH. 

Leptopelicanus  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  vii.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Pelecanus  fuscus  GMELIN  =  P.  occidentalis  LINNAEUS. 

Pelecanus  occidentalis  LINN^US.     Brown  Pelican.    [126.] 

Pelecanus  onocrotalus  /?  occidentalis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766, 
215.     (West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Gulf  coast  of  United  States  and  Atlantic  coast  of  Central 
and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Florida  and  Louisiana  south  to 
Brazil;  casual  in  North  Carolina;  accidental  in  Wyoming,  Nebraska, 
Iowa,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Massachusetts,  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Pelecanus  californicus  RIDGWAY.     California  Brown  Pelican.    [127.] 

Pelecanus  (fuscust)  californicus  RIDGWAY,  in  Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  1884, 
143.     (La  Paz,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast,  from  southern  British  Columbia  to  the 
Galapagos  and  Ecuador,  east  to  Nevada. 


FAMILY  FREGATID^E.     MAN-O'-WAR-BIRDS. 
GENUS  FREGATA  LACEPEDE. 

Fregata  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  15.     No  species  mentioned  but 
obviously  based  on  Pelecanus  aquilus  LINNAEUS. 


66  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Fregata  aquila  (LiNN^us).     Man-o '-war-bird.     [128.] 

Pelecanus  aquilus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  133.     (Ascencion 
Island,  South  Atlantic.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  subtropical  coasts;  in  America  north  to 
southern  California,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Florida,  and  casually  to 
California  (Humboldt  Bay),  Kansas,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Ohio,  and 
Nova  Scotia. 


ORDER  ANSERES.     LAMELLIROSTRAL  SWIMMERS. 

FAMILY  ANATIDJE.    DUCKS,  GEESE,  AND  SWANS. 

SUBFAMILY  MERGIN2E.     MERGANSERS. 

GENUS  MERGUS  LINNAEUS. 

Mergus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  129.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Mergus  merganser  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Me"rgus  americanus  CASSIN.     Merganser.    [129.] 

Mergus  americanus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1852,  187. 
(North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Alaska,  southern 
Yukon,  Great  Slave  Lake,  central  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and 
Newfoundland  south  to  central  Oregon,  southern  South  Dakota, 
southern  Minnesota,  central  Michigan,  Ohio  (formerly),  northern  New 
York,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and  Maine,  and  in  mountain, 
south  to  northern  California,  central  Arizona,  northern  New  Mexico, 
and  Pennsylvania  (formerly);  winters  from  Aleutian  Islands,  British 
Columbia,  Idaho,  northern  Colorado,  southern  Wisconsin,  southern 
Ontario,  northern  New  England,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  north- 
ern Lower  California,  northern  Mexico  (Chihuahua),  Texas,  Louisiana, 
Florida,  and  Bermuda. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  67 

Mergus  senator  LINTTCEUS.     Red-breasted  Merganser.     [130.] 

Mergus  senator  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  129.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in 
North  America  from  Arctic  coast  of  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie, 
Cumberland  Sound,  and  Greenland  (lat.  73°)  south  to  southern  British 
Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  southern  Minnesota,  central  Wisconsin, 
northern  New  York,  southern  Maine,  and  Sable  Island;  winters  in 
southern  Greenland,  the  Commander  Islands,  and  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  Utah,  Colorado,  southern  Wisconsin,  southern 
Ontario,  and  Maine  south  to  southern  Lower  California,  Louisiana, 
and  Florida;  casual  in  Bermuda,  Cuba,  and  Hawaii. 

GENUS  LOPHODYTES  REICHENBACH. 

Lophodytes  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  ix.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Mergus  cucuUatus  LINNAEUS. 

Lophodytes  cucullatus  (Li\x.i:rs).     Hooded  Merganser.    [131.] 

Mergus  cucullatus  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  129.     (Virginia 
or  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
Great  Slave  Lake,  central  Keewatin,  central  Ungava,  and  Newfound- 
land south  to  southern  Oregon,  northern  New  Mexico,  southern 
Louisiana,  and  central  Florida;  winters  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia, Utah,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Massachusetts  south  to  Lower  California,  Mexico,  the  Gulf  States, 
and  Cuba;  rare  in  northeastern  part  of  range;  recorded  from  St. 
Michael,  Alaska,  and  from  Europe  and  Bermuda. 


[GENUS  MERGELLUS  SELBY. 

Mergellus  SELBY,  Catal.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Types  Birds,  1840,  47.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Mergus  albellus  LINNAEUS. 

Mergellus  albellus  (LiNN^us).    Smew.    [131.1.] 

Mergus  albellus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  129.     (" ex 

Gino  insula  Smirnam,"  Turkey.) 


68  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Old  World.  Breeds  in  northern 
Europe  and  Asia;  occurs  in  migration  east  to  Commander  Islands; 
winters  south  to  Japan,  China,  northern  India,  and  coasts  of  the 
Mediterranean;  accidental  in  northern  North  America.] 


SUBFAMILY  ANATINJE.     RIVER  DUCKS. 

GENUS  ANAS  LINN^US. 

Anas  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  122.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Anas  boschas  LINNAEUS  =  A.  platyrhynchos  LINN^JUS  (Lesson,  1828). 

Anas  platyrhynchos  LINNAEUS.     Mallard.    [132.] 

Anas  platyrhynchos  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  125.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  from 
Pribilof  Islands,  northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  and  Greenland  south  to  Lower  California,  southern  New 
Mexico,  southern  Kansas,  central  Missouri,  southern  Indiana,  and 
Maryland  (rarely) ;  winters  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  central  Alaska, 
central  Montana,  Wyoming,  Nebraska,  southern  Wisconsin,  northern 
Indiana,  Ohio,  Maryland,  and  Nova  Scotia  (rarely)  south  to  Mexico, 
the  Lesser  Antilles,  and  Panama;  casual  in  Bermuda  and  Hawaii. 

Anas  rubripes  BREWSTER.     Black  Duck.     [133.] 

Anas  obscura  rubripes  BREWSTER,  Auk,  XIX,  April,  1902,  184.     (New 
Hampshire  shore  of  Lake  Umbagog.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Keewatin 
and  northern  TJngava  south  to  northern  Wisconsin,  northern  Indiana, 
and  southern  Maryland;  winters  from  Nova  Scotia  south  to  southern 
Louisiana  and  Colorado;  west  in  migration  to  Nebraska  and  central 
Kansas;  casual  in  Bermuda;  accidental  in  Jamaica. 

Anas  fulvigula  RIDGWAY. 

RANGE. —  Florida  and  the  Gulf  coast  to  Texas. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  by 

a.     Anas  fulvigula  fulvignla  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Duck.     [134.] 

Anas  obscura  var.  fulvignla  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VIII,  Feb.,  1874,  111. 
(St.  John's  River,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  to  southern  Florida. 

6.     Anas  fulvigula  maculosa  SENNETT.    Mottled  Duck.     [134a.] 

Anas  maculosa  SENNETT,  Auk,  VI,  July,  1889,  263.     (Nueces  Bay,  near 
.  Corpus  Christi,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  South  central  United  States.  Resident  in  southern  Texas  and 
southern  Louisiana;  accidental  in  Kansas. 

GENUS  CHAULELASMUS  BONAPARTE. 

Chaulelasmus  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  56.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Anas  strepera  LINN.EUS. 

Chaulelasmus  streperus  (LiNN^us).     Gadwall.    [135.] 

Anas  strepera  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  125.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  In  North  America  breeds  from 
southern  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta,  and  central  Keewatin 
south  to  southern  California,  southern  Colorado,  northern  Nebraska, 
and  southern  Wisconsin;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia, 
Arizona,  Arkansas,  southern  Illinois,  and  North  Carolina  south  to 
southern  Lower  California,  central  Mexico  (Jalisco),  and  Florida; 
accidental  in  Bermuda,  Cuba,  and  Jamaica;  rare  in  migration  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  of  the  Middle  and  New  England  States  north  to 
Newfoundland. 

GENUS  MARECA  STEPHENS. 

Mareca  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XII,  Pt.  ii,  1824,  130.  Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Mareca  fistularis  STEPHENS  =  Anas  penelope  LINNAEUS 
(Eyton,  1838). 

Mareca  penelope  (LINNAEUS).     European  Widgeon.    [136.] 

Anas  penelope  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  126.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Occurs 
occasionally  in  winter  and  in  migration  from  Wisconsin,  Michigan, 


70  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

New  York,  Nova  Scotia,  Newfoundland,  and  Greenland  south  to 
Nebraska,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Ohio,  North  Carolina,  and  Florida, 
and  in  Alaska,  British  Columbia,  and  California. 

Mareca  americana  (GMELIN).     Baldpate.     [137.] 

Anas  americana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  526.     (Louisiana  and 
New  York.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska, 
northern  Mackenzie,  and  central  Keewatin  south  to  Oregon,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Kansas,  southern  Wisconsin,  and  northern  Indiana; 
winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Arizona,  southern  Illinois, 
Maryland,  and  Delaware  (casually  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island) 
south  to  southern  Lower  California,  the  West  Indies,  and  Costa  Rica; 
rare  in  migration  to  northern  Ontario,  northern  Quebec,  and  New- 
foundland; accidental  in  Hawaii,  Bermuda,  and  Europe. 


GENUS  NETTION  KAUP. 

Nettion  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  95.     Type  by 
monotypy,  Anas  crecca  LINN^US. 

[NSttion  crecca  (LINN^US).    European  Teal.    [138.] 

Anas  crecca  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  126.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Occasional  in 
North  America;  recorded  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  California, 
Greenland,  Labrador,  Nova  Scotia,  Maine,  New  York,  Massachu- 
setts, Connecticut,  and  Virginia.] 

Nettion  carolin6nse  (GMELIN).     Green-winged  Teal.    [139.] 

Anas  carolinensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  533.     (Hudson  Bay  to 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  north- 
ern Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  central  California,  northern 
New  Mexico,  northern  Nebraska,  northern  Illinois,  southern  Ontario, 


ORDER   ANSERES.  71 

Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick;  winters  from  Aleutian  Islands,  British 
Columbia,  Nevada,  southern  Nebraska,  northern  Indiana,  western 
New  York,  and  Rhode  Island  (casually  Nova  Scotia)  south  to  south- 
ern Lower  California,  the  West  Indies,  and  Honduras;  accidental 
in  Hawaii,  Bermuda,  Greenland,  and  Great  Britain. 


GENUS  QUERQUEDULA  OKEN. 

Querquedula  OKEN,  Isis,  I,  1817,  1183.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Anas  drcia 
LINNAEUS  =  Anas  querquedula  LINNAEUS. 

Querquedula  discors  (LINNAEUS).     Blue-winged  Teal.     [140.] 

Anas  discors  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  205.     (Virginia  or 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Western  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  central  British  Co- 
lumbia, Great  Slave  Lake,  central  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south 
to  central  Oregon,  northern  Nevada,  northern  New  Mexico,  central 
Missouri,  southern  Indiana,  northern  Ohio,  western  New  York  (occa- 
sionally Rhode  Island),  and  Maine;  winters  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  Arizona,  southern  Illinois,  Maryland,  and  Delaware  south 
to  the  West  Indies  and  South  America  as  far  as  Brazil  and  Chile; 
accidental  in  Bermuda  and  Europe. 

Querquedula  cyanoptera  (VIEILLOT).     Cinnamon  Teal.    [141.] 

Anas  cyanoptera ,  VIEILLOT,   Nouv.    Diet.   d'Hist.  Nat.,  V,    1816,  104. 
(Rio  de  la  Plata  and  Buenos  Aires.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  North  America 
from  southern  British  Columbia,  southwestern  Alberta,  southeastern 
Wyoming,  and  western  Kansas  south  to  northern  Lower  California, 
northern  Chihuahua,  southern  New  Mexico,  and  southwestern  Texas; 
winters  from  southern  California,  central  New  Mexico,  and  southern 
Texas  south  to  southern  Lower  California  and  central  Mexico;  cas- 
ual in  Manitoba,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Nebraska,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  New  York,  Louisiana,  and  Florida.  Occurs  in  South  America 
from  Peru  and  Brazil  south  to  the  Falkland  Islands. 


72  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


[GENUS  GASARGA  BONAPARTE. 

Casarca  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  56.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Anas  rutila  PALLAS  =  Anas  ferruginea  PALLAS. 

Cas&rca  ferruginea  (PALLAS).     Ruddy  Sheldrake.    [141.1.] 

Anas  (ferruginea)  PALLAS,  in  Vroeg's  Catal.,  1764,  Adumbr.,  5.     (Tar- 
tary.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Europe  and  northern  Africa  east  to  China  and 
Japan,  straggling  to  Scandinavia,  Iceland,  and  Greenland.] 


GENUS  SPATULA  BOIE. 

Spatula  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  564.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Anas  clypeata 

LINN.EUS. 

Sp£tula  clypeata  (LINNAEUS).    Shoveller.    [142.] 

Anas  clypeata  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  124.     (Southern 
Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  from 
northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  and  southern  Kee- 
watin  south  to  southern  California,  central  New  Mexico,  northern 
Texas,  northern  Missouri,  and  northern  Indiana;  winters  from  south- 
ern British  Columbia,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  southern  Missouri, 
southern  Illinois,  Maryland,  and  Delaware  south  to  the  West  Indies, 
Colombia,  and  Hawaii;  in  migration  occasional  in  Bermuda,  and 
north  to  Nova  Scotia  and  Newfoundland. 


GENUS  DAFILA  STEPHENS. 

Dafila  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XII,  Pt.  ii,  1824,  126.    Type,  by 
monotypy,  Dafila  caudacuta  STEPHENS  =  Anas  acuta  LINNAEUS. 

Dafila  acuta  (LiNN^us).     Pintail.     [143.] 

Anas  acuta  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  126.     (Sweden.) 


ORDER   ANSERES.  73 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  on  the 
Arctic  coast  from  Alaska  to  Keewatin  and  south  to  southern  California, 
southern  Colorado,  northern  Nebraska,  northern  Iowa,  and  northern 
Illinois;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Nevada,  Arizona, 
southern  Missouri,  southern  Wisconsin,  southern  Ohio,  Pennsylvania 
(rarely),  and  Delaware  south  to  Porto  Rico  and  Panama,  and  in 
Hawaii;  in  migration  occasional  on  the  Atlantic  coast  to  northern 
Ungava,  Greenland,  and  Newfoundland,  and  in  Bermuda. 


GENUS  AIX  BOIE. 

A lx  BOIE,  Isis,  XXI,  1828,  329.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Anas  sponsa 
LINN^US  (Eyton,  1838). 

Aix  sponsa  (LiNN^us).     Wood  Duck.    [144.] 

Anas  sponsa  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  128.     (Virginia  and 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  central  Saskatchewan,  northern  Ontario,  New 
Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  central  California,  southern 
Texas,  Florida,  and  Cuba;  winters  chiefly  in  United  States  from 
southern  British  Columbia,  Kansas,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania, 
and  New  Jersey  south  to  southern  California  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico; 
accidental  in  Bermuda,  Mexico,  Jamaica,  and  Europe. 


SUBFAMILY  FULIGULIN2E.     SEA  DUCKS. 

[GENUS  NETTA  KAUP. 

Netta  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,   1829,   102.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Anas  rufina  PALLAS. 

Netta  rufina  (PALLAS).     Rufous-crested  Duck.     [145.] 

Anas  rufina  PALLAS,  Reise  Russ.  Reichs,  II,  1773,  713.     (Caspian  Sea.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere;  accidental  in  eastern  United  States]. 


74  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  MARILA  OKEN. 

Marila  OKEN,  Isis,  I,  1817,  1183.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Anas  marila 

LlNN^EUS. 

SUBGENUS  NYROCA  FLEMING. 

Nyroca  FLEMING,  Philos.  Zool.,  II,  1822,  260.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Anas  nyroca  GULDENSTADT. 

Marila  americana  (EYTON).     Redhead.     [146.] 

Fuligula  americana  EYTON,  Monogr.  Anatidae,  1838,  155.     (North  Amer- 
ica.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia, central  Alberta,  central  Saskatchewan,  and  southwestern  Kee- 
watin  south  to  southern  California,  Utah,  southern  South  Dakota, 
southern  Minnesota,  and  southern  Wisconsin;  winters  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  Utah,  New  Mexico,  Kansas,  Illinois,  Maryland, 
Delaware,  and  Massachusetts  south  to  southern  Lower  California, 
central  Mexico,  and  Florida;  accidental  in  Jamaica;  in  migration 
casual  in  Alaska  and  regularly  on  the  Atlantic  coast  north  to  south- 
ern Labrador. 

SUBGENUS  ARISTONETTA  BAIRD. 

Aristonetta  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  793.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Anas  valisineria  WILSON. 

Marila  valisineria  (WILSON).     Canvas-back.    [147.] 

Anas  valisineria  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  VIII,  1814,  103,  pi.  70,  fig.  5. 
(Eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
Fort  Yukon,  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  southwestern  Keewatin  south 
to  Oregon,  northern  Nevada,  Colorado  (rarely),  Nebraska,  and 
southern  Minnesota ;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Nevada, 
Colorado,  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  and  western  New  York  south  to 
central  Mexico  (Jalisco)  and  the  Gulf  coast;  in  winter  formerly  abun- 
dant, now  less  so,  in  Maryland,  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina;  occa- 
sional south  to  Florida,  and  casual  in  the  West  Indies,  Bermuda, 
and  Guatemala;  in  migration  north  rarely  to  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia. 


ORDER   ANSERES.  75 


SUBGENUS  M  ARIL  A. 

Marila  marila  (LINNAEUS).    Scaup  Duck.     [148.] 

Anas  marila  LINNAEUS,  Fauna  Suecica,  ed.  2,  1761,  39.     ("Lapponia.") 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North 
America  breeds  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  northwestern  Alaska, 
Great  Slave  Lake,  and  central  Keewatin  south  to  southern  British 
Columbia  and  northern  North  Dakota;  has  bred  casually  on  Mag- 
dalen Islands  and  in  Ontario  and  Michigan;  winters  from  Maine 
to  Florida  and  the  Bahamas,  and  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Nevada, 
Colorado,  and  Lake  Ontario  south  to  southern  California,  southern 
New  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas;  in  migration  rare  in  central 
Ungava,  Newfoundland,  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Marila  af finis  (EYTON).     Lesser  Scaup  Duck.    [149.] 

Fuligula  affinis  EYTON,  Monogr.  Anatidse,  1838,  157.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  Yukon  Valley,  Alaska, 
and  Fort  Anderson,  Mackenzie,  south  to  central  British  Columbia, 
southern  Montana,  Colorado  (casually),  northern  Iowa,  northern 
Indiana,  and  western  Lake  Erie;  winters  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  Nevada,  Colorado,  Lake  Erie,  and  New  Jersey  south  to 
the  Bahamas,  Lesser  Antilles,  and  Panama;  rare  in  migration  in 
Newfoundland,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia;  accidental  in 
Greenland  and  Bermuda. 

Marila  collaris  (DONOVAN).     Ring-necked  Duck.    [150.] 

Anas  collaris  DONOVAN,  Brit.  Birds,  VI,  1809,  pi.  147.     (Lincolnshire, 
England?    Found  in  Leadenhall  market,  London.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia to  northern  California,  and  from  northern  Alberta  and  Lake 
Winnipeg  south  to  North  Dakota,  northern  Iowa,  and  southern 
Wisconsin;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  New  Mexico, 
northern  Texas,  southern  Illinois,  and  New  Jersey  south  to  Porto 
Rico  and  Guatemala;  occurs  in  migration  north  to  Newfoundland, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  Quebec;  recorded  from  Bermuda  and  England. 


76  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

GENUS  CLANGULA  OKEN. 
Clangula  OKEN,  Isis,  I,  1817,  1183.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Anas  clangula 

LlNN^US. 

Clangula  clangula  (LINNAEUS). 
RANGE. —  Greater  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.  [Clangula  clangula  clangula.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Clangula  clangula  americana  BONAPARTE.    Golden-eye.    [151]. 

Clangula  americana  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  58.     (Eastern 
United  States.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Alaska,  northern  Mac- 
kenzie, central  Keewatin,  northern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to 
southern  British  Columbia,  southern  Montana,  northern  North  Dakota, 
northern  Michigan,  northern  New  York,  and  northern  New  England;  winters 
from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Utah,  Nebraska,  Minnesota,  Lake  Erie,  Maine,  and 
New  Brunswick  south  to  southern  California,  central  Mexico,  and  Florida; 
occurs  in  Bermuda. 

Clangula  islandica  (GMELIN).     Barrow's  Golden-eye.    [152.] 
Anas  islandica  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  541.     (Iceland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  from  south  central 
Alaska  and  northwestern  Mackenzie  to  southern  Oregon  and  southern 
Colorado,  and  from  northern  Ungava  to  central  Quebec;  winters 
from  southeastern  Alaska,  central  Montana,  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  south  to  central  California,  southern  Colorado, 
Nebraska,  and  New  England;  accidental  in  Europe;  breeds  commonly 
in  Iceland  and  a  rare  visitor  to  Greenland. 


GENUS  CHARITONETTA  STEJNEGER. 

Charitonetta  STEJNEGER,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  29,  1885, 163.    Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Anas  albeola  LINN^US. 

CharitonStta  albeola  (LiNN^us).    Buffle-head.    [153.] 

Anas  albeola  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 124.     (Newfoundland.) 


ORDER  ANSERES.  77 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  upper  Yukon  (rarely 
Yukon  mouth),  the  lower  Mackenzie,  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  central 
Keewatin  south  to  British  Columbia,  northern  Montana,  and  central 
Ontario;  winters  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  British  Columbia,  Idaho, 
Colorado,  Missouri,  southern  Michigan,  western  New  York,  and 
New  Brunswick  south  to  northern  Lower  California,  central  Mexico 
(Jalisco),  and  Florida;  recorded  from  Hawaii,  Greenland,  Newfound- 
land, Nova  Scotia,  Bermuda,  and  Great  Britain. 

GENUS  HARELDA  STEPHENS. 

Harelda  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XII,  Pt.  ii,  1824,  174.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Anas  glacialis  LINNAEUS  =  A.  hy emails  LINN^US. 

Harelda  hyemalis  (LiNN^us).     Old-squaw.    [154.] 

Anas  hyemalis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  126.     (Northern 
provinces  of  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  from 
islands  of  Bering  Sea,  Arctic  coast  of  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  Welling- 
ton Channel,  Grinnell  Land,  and  northern  Greenland  south  to  Aleutian 
Islands,  east  central  Mackenzie,  northern  Hudson  Bay,  and  south- 
eastern Ungava ;  winters  from  the  Aleutian  Islands  south  regularly  to 
Washington,  rarely  to  San  Diego  Bay,  California,  and  in  southern 
Greenland,  and  from  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  south  regularly  to  the  Great 
Lakes  and  North  Carolina,  and  rarely  to  Colorado,  Texas,  Louisiana, 
and  Florida. 

GENUS  HISTRIONICUS  LESSON. 

Histrionicus  LESSON,  Manuel  d'Orn.,  II,  1828,  415.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Anas  histrionica  LINNAEUS. 

Histrionicus  histrionicus  (LINNAEUS).     Harlequin  Duck.    [155.] 

Anas  histrionica  LINNAEUS,   Syst.  Nat.,  ed.   10,  I,   1758,   127.     (New- 
foundland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America  and  eastern  Asia.  Breeds 
from  the  Kowak  and  Yukon  rivers,  Alaska,  the  Arctic  coast,  and 


78  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Greenland  south  to  southwestern  British  Columbia,  central  Mac- 
kenzie, northern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland,  and  south  in  the 
mountains  to  central  California,  southwestern  Colorado,  northeastern 
Asia,  and  Iceland;  occurs  in  summer  in  flocks  near  the  Pribilof  and 
Aleutian  islands  and  on  the  coast  of  Washington;  winters  on  the 
Pacific  coast  from  the  Aleutian  Islands  to  Monterey,  California,  in 
the  interior  to  Colorado,  Missouri,  Lake  Michigan,  and  western  New 
York,  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  regularly 
to  Maine,  rarely  to  New  Jersey,  and  accidentally  to  Florida;  acci- 
dental in  Europe  and  not  rare  in  Asia  south  to  Japan. 


GENUS  CAMPTORHYNCHUS  BONAPARTE. 

Camptorhynchus  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  58.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Anas  labradoria  GMELIN. 

Camptorhynchus  labradorius  (GMELIN).     Labrador  Duck.    [156.] 

Anas  labradoria  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  537.     (Connecticut  and 
Labrador.) 

RANGE. —  Formerly,  northern  Atlantic  coasts;  supposed  to  have 
bred  in  Labrador;  wintered  from  Nova  Scotia  south  to  New  Jersey; 
now  extinct. 


GENUS  POLYSTICTA  EYTON. 

Polysticta  EYTON,  Catal.  Brit.  Birds,  1836,  58.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Anas  stelleri  PALLAS. 

Polysticta  stelleri  (PALLAS).    SteUer's  Eider.     [157.] 

Anas  stelleri  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  vi,  1769,  35,  pi.  v.     (Kam- 
chatka.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Bering  Sea  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds 
from  Point  Barrow,  Alaska,  to  the  northern  coast  of  Siberia  and  south 
to  Aleutian  Islands;  winters  on  Aleutian  Islands  and  Kenai  Peninsula, 
Alaska,  and  south  on  the  Asiatic  coast  to  Kuril  Islands;  accidental  in 
Greenland  and  Quebec. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  79 

GENUS  ARCTONETTA  GRAY. 

Arctonetta   GRAY,    Proc.    Zool.    Soc.    Lond.,    1855    (1856),   212.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Fuligula  fischeri  BRANDT. 

Arctonetta  fischeri  (BRANDT).    Spectacled  Eider.    [158.] 

Fuligula  (Lampronetta)  fischeri  BRANDT,  Me"m.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.-Pe*tersb. 
(Sci.  Nat.),  se*r.  6,  VI,  1849  (1847),  6,  10.     (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  Bering  Sea  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds 
in  Alaska  from  Point  Barrow  to  mouth  of  the  Kuskokwim,  and  on  the 
northern  coast  of  Siberia  west  to  mouth  of  the  Lena  River;  winters  on 
the  Aleutian  Islands. 


GENUS  SOMATERIA  LEACH. 

Somateria  LEACH,  in  Ross,  Voyage  Discovery,  1819,  App.,  xlviii.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Anas  mollissima  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  SOMATERIA. 

Somateria  mollissima  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Arctic  and  subarctic  Europe  and  northeastern  North 
America. 

a.  [Somateria  mollissima  mollissima.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Somateria  mollissima  borealis  (BREHM).     Northern  Eider.    [159.] 

Platypus  borealis  BREHM,  Lehrbuch  Vogel,  II,  1824,  813.     (Coasts  of 
Baffin  Bay  and  Davis  Strait;  Greenland  and  Iceland.) 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Ellesmere  Land  and 
both  coasts  of  Greenland  south  to  northwestern  Hudson  Bay  and  southern 
Ungava;  winters  in  southern  Greenland  and  south  rarely  to  Massachusetts. 

Somateria  dresseri  SHARPE.     Eider.    [160.] 

Somateria  dresseri  SHARPE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  4,  XLIII,  July, 
1871,  52.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern 
Ungava | and  Newfoundland  to  southeastern  Maine,  and  on  the  south- 
ern half  [of  Hudson  Bay;  winters  from  Newfoundland  and  Gulf  of  St. 


80  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Lawrence  south  on  Atlantic  coast,  regularly  to  Massachusetts,  rarely 
to  Virginia,  and  in  interior  rarely  to  Colorado,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Ohio, 
and  western  New  York. 

Somateria  v-nigra  GRAY.     Pacific  Eider.     [161.] 

Svmateria  v-nigra  GRAY,   Proc.   Zool.   Soc.   Lond.,    1855   (Feb.,    1856), 
212,  pi.  cvii.     (Kotzebue  Sound.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  Bering  Sea  and  adjacent  Arctic  Ocean.  Breeds 
from  northeastern  Siberia  and  Arctic  America,  as  far  east  as  Copper- 
mine River,  south  to  Commander  and  Aleutian  islands  and  Cook 
Inlet;  winters  in  Bering  Sea,  about  Aleutian  Islands;  occasional  on 
Great  Slave  Lake;  accidental  in  Kansas. 

SUBGENUS  ERIONETTA  COUES. 

Erionetta  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1884,  709.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Anas  spectabilis  LINNAEUS. 

Somateria  spectabilis  (LINNAEUS).     King  Eider.    [162.] 

Anas  spectabilis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  123.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  along 
the  whole  coast  of  northern  Siberia,  Bering  Sea  (St.  Lawrence  Island), 
and  Arctic  coast  of  America  from  Icy  Cape  east  to  Melville  Island, 
Wellington  Channel,  northern  Greenland,  northwestern  Hudson 
Bay,  and  northern  Ungava;  winters  on  Pacific  coast  from  Aleutian 
Islands  to  Kadiak  Island,  in  the  interior  rarely  to  the  Great  Lakes, 
and  from  southern  Greenland  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  south  regu- 
larly to  Long  Island,  rarely  to  Georgia;  accidental  in  California  and 
Iowa. 

GENUS  OIDEMIA  FLEMING. 

Oidemia  FLEMING,  Philos.  Zoology,  II,  1822,  260.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Anas  nigra  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  OIDEMIA. 

Oidemia  americana  SWAINSON.    Scoter.    [163.] 

Oidemia  americana  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  450. 
(Hudson  Bay,  Lat.  57°  N.) 


ORDER   ANSERES.  81 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America  and  eastern  Asia.  Breeds  in 
northeastern  Asia  and  from  Kotzebue  Sound  to  Aleutian  Islands,  in- 
cluding Near  Islands;  also  on  west  shore  of  Hudson  Bay,  Ungava, 
and  Newfoundland;  winters  on  Asiatic  coast  to  Japan  and  from  is- 
lands of  Bering  Sea  south  rarely  to  Santa  Catalina  Island,  California; 
in  the  interior  not  rare  on  the  Great  Lakes,  and  casual  or  accidental 
in  Missouri,  Louisiana,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  and  Wyoming;  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  abundant  during  migration  from  Newfoundland  and 
Maine  south  (rarely  to  Florida). 


SUBGENUS  MELANITTA  BOIE. 

Melanitta  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  564.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Anas  fusca 
LINN^US  (Eyton,  1838). 

[Oidemia  fusca  (LINNAEUS).     Velvet  Scoter.    [164.] 

Anas  fusca  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  123.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Eastern  Hemisphere,  breeding  from 
Iceland  east  to  Bering  Strait;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 

Oidemia  deglandi  BONAPARTE.     White-winged  Scoter.    [165.] 

Oidemia  deglandi  BONAPARTE,  Revue  Grit.  Orn.  Eur.,  1850,  108.     (North 
America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  coast  of  northeastern 
Siberia,  northern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  and  northern  Ungava 
south  to  central  British  Columbia,  Alberta,  northern  North  Dakota, 
and  southern  Quebec;  winters  on  the  Asiatic  coast  to  Bering  Island, 
Japan,  and  China,  and  in  North  America  from  Unalaska  Island  to 
San  Quintin  Bay,  Lower  California,  the  Great  Lakes  (casually  to 
Colorado,  Nebraska,  and  Louisiana),  and  the  Atlantic  coast  from  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  south  (rarely)  to  Florida;  non-breeding  birds 
occur  in  summer  as  far  south  as  Rhode  Island  and  Monterey, 
California. 


82  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

SUBGENUS  PELIONETTA  KAUP. 

Pelionetta  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  107.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Anas  perspicUlata  LINN.EUS. 

Oidemia  perspicillata  (LINNAEUS).    Surf  Scoter.    [166.] 

Anas  perspicUlata  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  125.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  on  the  Pacific  coast  from  Kotze- 
bue  Sound  to  Sitka,  and  from  northwestern  Mackenzie  and  Hudson 
Strait  to  Great  Slave  Lake,  central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Quebec; 
non-breeding  birds  occur  in  summer  in  northeastern  Siberia  and  south 
on  the  Pacific  coast  to  Lower  California,  and  in  Greenland  and  south 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  to  Long  Island ;  winters  on  the  Pacific  coast  from 
the  Aleutian  Islands  south  to  San  Quintin  Bay,  Lower  California,  on 
the  Great  Lakes,  and  south  casually  to  Colorado,  Kansas,  Iowa,  Illi- 
nois, and  Louisiana,  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to 
North  Carolina,  rarely  to  Florida;  casual  in  Bermuda;  frequent  in 
Europe. 


GENUS  ERISMATURA  BONAPARTE. 

Erismatura  BONAPARTE,  Giornale  Arcadico,  III,  1832,  208.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Anas  riibidus  WILSON  =  A.  jamaicensis  GMELIN. 

Erismatura  jamaic£nsis  (GMELIN).    Ruddy  Duck.    [167.] 

Anas  jamaicensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  519.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
Great  Slave  Lake,  southern  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava  south  to 
northern  Lower  California,  central  Arizona,  northern  New  Mexico, 
northwestern  Nebraska,  southern  Minnesota,  southern  Michigan, 
southern  Ontario,  and  Maine,  and  rarely  and  locally  in  southern 
Lower  California,  Kansas,  Massachusetts,  Valley  of  Mexico,  Lake 
Duenas,  Guatemala,  and  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  Carriacou; 
winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
southern  Illinois,  Maine,  Pennsylvania,  and  south  to  the  Lesser  An- 
tilles and  Costa  Rica;  rare  in  migration  to  Newfoundland  and 
Bermuda. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  83 


GENUS  NOMONYX  RIDGWAY. 

Nomonyx  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Ill,  1880,  15.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Anas  doininica  LINNAEUS. 

Nomonyx  dominicus  (LiNN^us).     Masked  Duck.     [168.] 

Anas  doininica  LINN^US,   Syst.   Nat.,   ed.    12,   I,    1766,   201.     (Santo 
Domingo.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  America.  Breeds  in  the  West  Indies  and  in 
eastern  South  America  to  central  Argentina;  occurs  rarely  and  locally 
from  the  lower  Rio  Grande  in  Texas  south  to  Mexico,  Guatemala, 
and  western  South  America;  recorded  also  from  Wisconsin,  Massa- 
chusetts, Vermont,  and  Maryland. 


SUBFAMILY  ANSERDUE.     GEESE. 

GENUS  CHEN  BOIE. 

Chen  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  563.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Anser  hyperboreus 
PALLAS. 

SUBGENUS  CHEN. 

Chen  hyperboreus  (PALLAS). 

RANGE. —  Arctic  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  southern  United 
States  and  Mexico. 

a.    Chen  hyperboreus  hyperboreus  (PALLAS).    Snow  Goose.    [169.] 

Anser  hyperboreus  PALLAS,  Spic.  Zool.,  I,  Fasc.  vi,  1769,  25.     (North- 
eastern Siberia.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  east 
probably  to  Coronation  Gulf  and  Melville  Island;  occurs  on  the  Arctic  coast 
of  northeastern  Asia,  but  not  known  to  breed  there;  winters  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  southern  Colorado,  and  southern  Illinois  south  to  northern 
Lower  California,  central  Mexico  (Jalisco),  Texas,  and  Louisiana,  and  on  the 
Asiatic  coast  south  to  Japan;  generally  rare  in  eastern  United  States. 

6.     Chen  hyperboreus  nivalis  (J.  R.  FORSTER).     Greater  Snow  Goose.     [169a.] 
Anas  nivalis  FORSTER,  Philos.  Trans.,  LXII,  1772,  433.     (Severn  River, 
Hudson  Bay,  Canada.) 


84  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Has  been  found  breeding  at  Whale 
Sound,  north  Greenland,  and  Ellesmere  Land;  full  breeding  range  not  known; 
winters  from  southern  Illinois,  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  Massachusetts  (rarely) 
south  to  Louisiana,  Florida,  and  West  Indies  to  Porto  Rico;  in  migration 
rarely  west  to  Colorado  and  east  to  New  England  and  Newfoundland. 

Chen  cserulescens  (LINNAEUS).     Blue  Goose.     [169.1.] 

Anas  ccerulescens  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  124.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeding  range  unknown, 
but  probably  interior  of  northern  Ungava;  winters  from  Nebraska 
and  southern  Illinois  south  to  coasts  of  Texas  and  Louisiana;  rare 
or  casual  in  migration  in  California,  and  from  New  Hampshire  to 
Florida,  Cuba,  and  the  Bahamas. 


SUBGENUS  EXANTHEMOPS  ELLIOT. 

Exanthemops  ELLIOT,  New  &  Unrig.  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  Pt.  ix,  1868,  pi. 
xliv  and  text.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Anser  rossii  CASSIN. 

Chen  rossi  (CASSIN).     Ross's  Goose.    [170.] 

Anser  rossii  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,   1861,  73.     (Great 
Slave  Lake.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeding  range  unknown,  but 
probably  north  of  Mackenzie;  winters  in  California;  in  migration 
occurs  from  Kent  Peninsula  and  Anderson  River,  Mackenzie,  south  to 
Manitoba  and  Oregon;  accidental  in  British  Columbia,  Colorado, 
Louisiana,  and  Chihuahua. 

GENUS  ANSER  BRISSON. 

Anser  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,  1760,  261.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Anser  syl- 
vestris  BRISSON  =  Anas  anser  LINNAEUS. 

Anser  albifrons  (SCOPOLI). 

RANGE. —  Arctic  and  subarctic  parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
migrating  south  in  winter  to  the  warmer  temperate  latitudes. 


ORDER   ANSERES.  85 

a.    [Anser  albifrons  albifrons   (SCOPOLI).    European  White-fronted  Goose. 
[171.] 

Branta  albifrons  SCOPOLI,  Annus  I,  Hist.-Nat.,  1769,  69. 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  Iceland, 
Nova  Zembla,  northern  Europe,  and  northern  Asia,  passing  south  in 
winter  to  Egypt,  India,  and  China.  Of  doubtful  record  from  eastern  Green- 
land.] 

6.    Anser  albifrons  gambeli  HARTLAUB.    White-fronted  Goose.     [171a.] 

Anser  gambelli  HARTLAUB,  Revue  et  Mag.  Zool.,  1852,  7.     (Southern 
part  of  North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Central  and  western  North  America.  Breeds  on  and  near  the 
Arctic  coast  from  northeastern  Siberia  east  to  northeastern  Mackenzie  and 
south  to  lower  Yukon  Valley;  winters  commonly  from  southern  British 
Columbia  to  southern  Lower  California  and  Jalisco,  and  rarely  from  southern 
Illinois,  southern  Ohio,  and  New  Jersey  south  to  northeastern  Mexico, 
southern  Texas,  and  Cuba,  and  on  the  Asiatic  coast  to  China  and  Japan; 
rare  in  migration  on  the  Atlantic  coast  north  to  Ungava. 

[Anser  fabalis  (LATHAM).     Bean  Goose.    [171.1.] 

Anasfabalis  LATHAM,  Suppl.  Gen.  Synopsis,  I,  1787,  297.     (England?) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Old  World.  Breeds  in  northern 
Europe  and  northern  Asia  from  Russian  Lapland  east  to  the  Yenisei 
River,  and  north  to  Nova  Zembla;  winters  south  to  southern  Europe, 
northern  Africa,  and  China;  recorded  from  northern  Greenland.] 

[Anser  brachyrhynchus  BAJLLON.     Pink-footed  Goose.     [171.2.] 

Anser  brachyrhynchus  BAILLON,  Me"m.  Soc.  Roy.  d'Emul.  d' Abbeville, 
1833,  74.     (Abbeville,  France.) 

RANGE. —  Europe.  Breeds  on  Spitzbergen;  winters  south  to  north- 
western Europe,  occasionally  to  Germany  and  France;  accidental  on 
east  coast  of  Greenland.] 


GENUS  BRANTA  SCOPOLI. 

Branta  SCOPOLI,  Annus  I,  Hist.-Nat.,  1769,  67.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Anas  bernicla  LINN^US  (Bannister,  1870). 


86  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Branta  canadensis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  from  Arctic  coast  south  to  southern  bor- 
der of  the  United  States,  breeding  (at  least  formerly)  to  middle 
districts  of  eastern  United  States. 

a.  Branta  canadensis  canadensis  (LINNAEUS).    Canada  Goose.    [172.] 
Anas  canadensis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  123.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  limit  of  trees  in  valley  of  the  lower 
Yukon,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  and  central  Keewatin  south  to  southern 
Oregon,  northern  Colorado.  Nebraska,  and  Indiana;  formerly  bred  casually 
south  to  New  Mexico,  Kansas,  Tennessee,  and  Massachusetts;  winters  from 
southern  British  Columbia,  southern  Colorado,  southern  Wisconsin,  southern 
Illinois,  and  New  Jersey  (rarely  southern  Ontario  and  Newfoundland) 
south  to  southern  California,  Texas,  and  Florida;  accidental  in  Bermuda 
and  Jamaica. 

b.  Branta  canadensis  hutchinsi  (RICHAKDSON).    Hutchins's  Goose.     [172a.] 

Anser  hutchinsii  RICHARDSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  470. 
(Melville  Peninsula.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  Kowak  Valley,  Alaska, 
and  from  mouth  of  Mackenzie  east  along  Arctic  shores  and  islands  from  lati- 
tude 70°  south  to  Melville  Peninsula  and  northwestern  Hudson  Bay;  winters 
from  British  Columbia,  Nevada,  Colorado,  and  Missouri  south  to  San  Rafael 
in  Lower  California,  Texas,  and  Louisiana;  accidental  in  Vera  Cruz;  in 
migration  rare  east  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  but  recorded  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  from  Maine  to  Virginia. 

c.  Branta  canadensis  occidentals  (BAIRD).    White-cheeked  Goose.     [1726.] 

Bernicla  occidentalis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
766.     (Port  Townsend,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  from  Prince  William 
Sound  and  Mitkof  Island  south  to  northeastern  California;  winters  from 
Washington  to  southern  California. 

<1.    Branta  canadensis  minima  RIDGWAY.    Cackling  Goose.    [172c.] 

Branta  minima  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII,  May  6,  1885,  22. 
(St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  western  Aleutians  and  from 
Norton  Sound  south  to  northern  coast  of  Alaska  Peninsula;  winters  from 
British  Columbia  south  to  San  Diego  County,  California;  casual  east  to 
Colorado,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  Illinois. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  87 


Branta  bSrnicla  ( 

RANGE.  —  Arctic  islands  and  coasts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
south  in  winter  to  southern  Europe  and  eastern  United  States. 

a.    [Branta  bernicla  bernicla.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Branta  bernicla  glaucogastra  (BREHM).     Brant.     [173a.] 

Bernicla  glaucogaster  BREHM,   Handbuch   Vogel  Deutschl.,    1831,   849. 
(German  coast  of  Baltic  Sea.) 

RANGE.  —  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  on  Arctic  islands  north  of  lati- 
tude 74°  and  west  to  about  longitude  100°,  and  on  the  whole  west  coast  of 
Greenland;  winters  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Massachusetts  south  to  North 
Carolina,  rarely  to  Florida;  has  been  recorded  in  the  interior  from  Manitoba, 
Ontario,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  Louisiana; 
accidental  in  British  Columbia  and  Barbados. 

Branta  nigricans  (LAWRENCE).     Black  Brant.     [174.] 

Anser  nigricans  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  IV,  1846,  171,  pi. 
xii.     (Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.) 

RANGE.  —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  on  the  Arctic  coast  and 
islands  from  Point  Barrow  east  to  near  mouth  of  Anderson  River, 
north  probably  to  Melville  Island;  common  on  Siberian  coast,  Chukchi 
Peninsula,  and  west  to  New  Siberian  Islands;  winters  on  the  Pacific 
coast  from  British  Columbia  south  to  San  Quintin  Bay,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  interior  of  Oregon  and  Nevada,  and  on  the  Asiatic  coast 
south  to  Japan;  recorded  as  a  straggler  to  Massachusetts,  New  York, 
and  New  Jersey. 

Branta  leucopsis  (BECHSTEIN).    Barnacle  Goose.    [175.] 

Anas  leucopsis  BECHSTEIN,  Orn.  Taschenb.  Deutschl.,  II,   1803,  424. 
(Germany.) 

RANGE.  —  Northern  part  of  the  Old  World.  Breeds  in  northern 
part  of  Eastern  Hemisphere  as  far  north  as  Spitzbergen;  winters  in 
Great  Britain  and  western  Europe,  occurring  south  to  Spain;  occurs 
in  Iceland,  and  in  migration  on  both  coasts  of  Greenland;  recorded 
from  Ungava,  Ontario,  Quebec,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  New  York, 
and  North  Carolina. 


88  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  PHILAGTE  BANNISTER. 

Philacte  BANNISTER,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1870,  131.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Anas  canagica  SEVASTIANOFF. 

PhiUcte  canagica  (SEVASTIANOFF).     Emperor  Goose.    [176.] 

Anas  canagica  SEVASTIANOFF,  Nova  Acta  Acad.  Sci.  Imp.  Petrop.,  XIII, 
1802,  349,  pi.  x.  (Probably  Kanaga  (or  Kyktak)  Island,  Aleutian 
Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  Alaska.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue  Sound  south 
to  mouth  of  Kuskokwim,  on  St.  Lawrence  Island,  and  also  on  Chuk- 
chi Peninsula,  Siberia,  near  East  Cape;  winters  from  the  Commander 
and  Near  islands  east  through  the  Aleutians  to  Bristol  Bay  and  Sitka; 
casual  in  British  Columbia  and  California;  accidental  in  Hawaii. 


GENUS  DENDROCYGNA  SWAINSON. 

Dendrocygna  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  II,  1837,  365.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Anas  arcuata  HORSFIELD  (Gray,  1840). 

Dendrocygna  autumnalis  (LINNAEUS).    Black-bellied  Tree-duck.     [177.] 

Anas  autumnalis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.   10,  I,   1758,   127.     (West 
Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas,  Mexico,  and  Central  America.  Breeds 
from  Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  to  Mazatlan,  Mexico,  and  Panama; 
winters  from  central  Mexico  to  Panama;  accidental  in  Arizona  and 
Jamaica. 

Dendrocygna  bicolor  (VIEILLOT).     Fulvous  Tree-duck.    [178.] 

Anas  bicolor  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  V,  1816,  136.     (Para- 
guay.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico,  southern 
Uruguay  and  Argentina,  South  Africa  and  India.  Breeds  from 
central  California,  middle  western  Nevada,  southern  Arizona,  and 
central  Texas  south  to  the  Valley  of  Mexico  and  Michoacan;  winters 
from  central  California  and  central  Texas  to  southern  Mexico;  casual 
in  Louisiana;  accidental  in  British  Columbia,  Washington,  Missouri, 
and  North  Carolina. 


ORDER  ANSERES.  89 

SUBFAMILY  CYGNINZ5.     SWANS. 
GENUS  OLOR  WAGLER. 

Olor  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXV,  1832,  1234.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Cygnus 
musicus  BECHSTEIN  =  Anas  cygnus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

[Olor  cygnus  (LINNAEUS).     Whooper  Swan.     [179.] 

Anas  cygnus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  122.     ("Scania.") 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Old  World.  Breeds  in  northern 
Europe  and  Asia,  including  Iceland,  and  formerly  was  not  rare  in 
Greenland,  where  it  still  occurs  as  an  occasional  visitant;  winters 
from  Great  Britain  and  southeastern  Europe  as  far  south  as  Egypt.] 

Olor  columbianus  (ORD).     Whistling  Swan.     [180.] 

Anas  columbianus  ORD,  in  GTJTHRIE'S  Geog.,  2d  Am.  ed.,  1815,  319. 
(Below  the  great  narrows  of  the  Columbia  River.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northern  Alaska  south  to 
Becharof  Lake,  Alaska  Peninsula,  and  on  Arctic  islands  from  about 
latitude  74°  south  to  northern  Mackenzie  and  northwestern  Hudson 
Bay;  in  migration  occurs  west  to  Bering  Island;  winters  on  the  Pacific 
coast  from  southern  British  Columbia,  rarely  south  to  southern  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  the  interior  from  Lake  Erie  and  southern  Illinois  to  coast 
of  Louisiana  and  Texas,  and  on  Atlantic  coast  from  Delaware  and 
Maryland  to  South  Carolina,  rarely  north  to  Massachusetts  and  south 
to  Florida;  casual  in  northern  Mexico;  accidental  in  Scotland  and 
Bermuda. 

Olor  buccinator  (RICHARDSON).     Trumpeter  Swan.    [181.] 

Cygnus  buccinator  RICHARDSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  464. 
(Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  and  western  North  America.  Breeds  from  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  western  shore  of  Hudson  Bay  and  from  the 
Arctic  Ocean  to  about  latitude  60°;  formerly  bred  south  to  Indiana, 
Missouri,  Nebraska,  Montana,  and  Idaho,  and  casually  west  to  Fort 
Yukon  and  British  Columbia;  winters  from  southern  Indiana  and 


90  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

southern  Illinois  south  to  Texas,  and  from  southern  British  Columbia  to 
southern  California;  casual  in  migration  in  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region  of  United  States;  accidental  in  New  York  and  Delaware. 
Now  of  rare  occurrence  nearly  everywhere. 


ORDER  ODONTOGLOSSJE.     LAMELLIROSTRAL 
GRALLATORES. 

FAMILY  PHCENICOPTERID-ffl.    FLAMINGOES. 

GENUS  PHOENICOPTERUS  LINNAEUS. 

Phoenicopterus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.   10,  I,   1758,   139.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Phcenicopterus  ruber  LINNAEUS. 

Phcenicopterus  ruber  LINNAEUS.     Flamingo.    [182.] 

Phcenicopterus  ruber  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  139.     (Jamaica, 
Cuba,  and  Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Atlantic  coast  of  subtropical  and  tropical  America,  from 
the  Bahamas,  Florida  Keys,  and  Yucatan  to  Brazil,  and  in  the 
Galapagos;  accidental  in  South  Carolina. 


ORDER   HERODIONES.  91 


ORDER   HERODIONES.      HERONS,    STORKS, 
IBISES,  ETC. 

SUBORDER  IBIDES.    SPOONBILLS  AND  IBISES. 

FAMILY  PLATALEIDJE.    SPOONBILLS. 
GENUS  AJAIA  REICHENBACH. 

Ajaia  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  xvi.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Ajaia  rosea  REICHENBACH  =  Platalea  ajaja  LINN^US. 

Ajaia  ajaja  (LiNN^us).     Roseate  Spoonbill.    [183.] 

Platalea  ajaja  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  140.     (Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America,  from  Texas,  Louisiana, 
Florida,  and  Georgia  south  to  Patagonia  and  the  Falkland  Islands; 
formerly  casual  north  to  Pennsylvania  and  the  lower  Ohio  Valley 
(Indiana  and  Illinois);  accidental  in  California,  Colorado,  Kansas, 
and  Wisconsin. 

FAMILY  IBIDIDJE.     IBISES. 

GENUS  GUARA  REICHENBACH. 

Guara  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  xiv.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Scolopax  rubra  LINNAEUS. 

Guara  alba  (LiNN^us).     White  Ibis.    [184.] 

Scolopax  alba  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  145.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America,  from  Lower  California,  Texas, 
and  South  Carolina  south  to  West  Indies,  Brazil,  and  Peru,  and  casually 
to  Great  Salt  Lake,  South  Dakota,  Illinois,  Vermont,  Connecticut,  and 
Long  Island;  winters  from  Gulf  of  Mexico  southward. 


92  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

[Guara  rubra  (LINNAEUS).    Scarlet  Ibis.     [185.] 

Scolopax  rubra  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  145.     (Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  South  America;  casual  in  the  West  Indies  and 
Central  America;  recorded  as  a  straggler  to  Colorado,  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  Louisiana,  and  Florida.] 


GENUS  PLEGADIS  KAUP. 

Plegadis  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  82.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Tantalus  falcinellus  LINNAEUS  =  Tringa  autumnalis  LIN- 
NAEUS. 

Plegadis  autumnalis  (LINNAEUS).     Glossy  Ibis.     [186.] 

Tringa  autumnalis  LINNAEUS,  in  HASSELQUIST,  Reise  Palast.,  1762,  306. 
(Egypt.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  subtropical  regions,  mainly  of  Eastern 
Hemisphere.  Rare  and  local  in  southeastern  United  States  from 
Louisiana  to  Florida,  and  in  the  West  Indies;  casual  north  to  Mis- 
souri, Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Ontario,  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Plegadis  guarauna  (LiNN^us).     White-faced  Glossy  Ibis.    [187.] 

Scolopax  guarauna  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  242.     (Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  America  from  southern  Oregon, 
Arizona,  Texas,  and  Florida  south  through  Mexico  to  southern  South 
America;  casual  north  to  British  Columbia,  Wyoming,  and  Nebraska. 


ORDER   HERODIONES.  93 


SUBORDER  CICONI^E.    STORKS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  CICONIIDJE.    STORKS  AND  WOOD  IBISES. 
SUBFAMILY  MYCTERIHUE.     WOOD  IBISES. 

GENUS  MYCTERIA  LINNAEUS. 

Mycteria  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  140.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Mycteria  americana  LINNAEUS. 

Mycteria  americana  LINN^US.    Wood  Ibis.    [188.] 

Mycteria  americana  LINN^US.  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  140.     (Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  America  from  southern  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  Texas,  Ohio  Valley,  and  South  Carolina  south  to 
Argentina;  casual  north  to  Montana,  Wisconsin,  New  York,  and 
Vermont. 

[SUBFAMILY  CICONIIN^E.     STORKS. 

GENUS  JABIRU  HELLMAYR. 

Jabiru  HELLMAYR,  Abh.  K.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  II  Kl.,  XXII,  May, 
1906,  711.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Ciconia  mycteria  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Jabiru  mycteria  (LICHTENSTEIN).     Jabiru.    [189.] 

Ciconia  mycteria  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abh.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  (Phys.  KL), 
for  1816-17,  1819,  163.     (Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Mexico  to  Central  America,  and  South  America 
to  Argentina;  accidental  north  to  central  Texas.] 


94  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


SUBORDER  HERODIL    HERONS,   EGRETS,  BITTERNS, 

ETC. 

FAMILY  ARDEID^E.    HERONS,  BITTERNS,  ETC. 

SUBFAMILY  BOTAURINJE.     BITTERNS. 

GENUS  BOTAURUS  STEPHENS. 

Botaurus  STEPHENS,   General   Zoology,   XI,   Pt.   ii,    1819,   592.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Ardea  stellaris  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Botaurus  Ientigin6sus  (MONTAGU).     Bittern.     [190.] 

Ardea  lentiginosa  MONTAGU,  Suppl.  Orn.  Diet.,  1813,  text  and  plate. 
(Piddletown,  Dorsetshire,  England.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  New- 
foundland south  to  southern  California,  northern  Arizona,  Kansas, 
the  Ohio  Valley,  and  North  Carolina,  and  less  frequently  in  southern 
United  States;  winters  from  California,  Arizona,  southern  Texas, 
the  Ohio  Valley,  and  Virginia  south  to  Cuba  and  Guatemala,  and 
casually  to  the  Bahamas,  Porto  Rico,  Jamaica,  and  Great  Britain. 

GENUS  IXOBRTGHUS  BILLBERG. 

Ixobrychus  BILLBERG,  Syn.  Faunae  Scand.,  I,  ii,  1828,  166.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Ardea  minuta  LINN^US  (Stone,  1907). 

Ixobrychus  exilis  (GMELIN).     Least  Bittern.    [191.] 

Ardea  exilis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  645.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  from  southern  Oregon,  southern  Saskatchewan,  southern 
Manitoba,  southern  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  the  West 
Indies  and  Brazil;  winters  from  Florida  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  south- 
ward. 


ORDER  HERODIONES.  95 

Ixobrychus  ne6xenus  (CORY).     Cory's  Least  Bittern.    [191.1.] 

Ardetta  neoxena  CORY,  Auk,  III,  April,  1886,  262.     (Caloosahatchie  River, 
near  Lake  Okeechobee,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Imperfectly  known.  Breeds  in  southern  Ontario  and 
southern  Florida;  occurs  casually  in  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  and 
Wisconsin. 


SUBFAMILY  ABDEINJE.     HERONS  AND  EGRETS. 

GENUS  ARDEA  LINN.EUS. 

Ardea  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  141.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Ardea  cinerea  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Ardea  occidentalis  AUDUBON.     Great  White  Heron.    [192.] 

Ardea  occidentalis  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.   (folio),  III,   1835,  pi.  281. 
(Keys  near  Key  West,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Region  bordering  Gulf  of  Mexico  from  southern  Florida 
south  to  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Yucatan;  casual  north  to  Anclote 
River  and  Micco,  Florida. 

Ardea  herodias  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  North  America,  north  to  southeastern  Alaska  and  Hudson 
Bay;  south  in  winter  to  the  West  Indies  and  northern  South  America. 

a.    Ardea  herodias  herodias  LIXN/EUS.    Great  Blue  Heron.    [194.] 

Ardea  herodias  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  143.     (Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Western  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  southeastern  British  Colum- 
bia, central  Alberta,  central  Manitoba,  northern  Ontario,  and  Prince  Edward 
Island  south  to  southern  Lower  California,  northern  Texas,  and  South  Atlan- 
tic States  (except  Florida) ;  winters  from  Oregon,  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  Middle 
States  south  to  the  West  Indies,  Panama,  and  Venezuela. 

6.     Ardea  herodias  fannini  CHAPMAN.     Northwestern  Coast  Heron.     [194a.] 
Ardea  herodias  fannini  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  XIV,  1901,  87. 
(Skidegate,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  B.  C.) 

RANGE.—  Pacific  coast  from  Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska,  to  Washington. 


96  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

c.     Ardea  herodias  wardi  RIDGWAY.     Ward's  Heron.     [1946.] 

Ardea  wardi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VII,  Jan.,    1882,  5. 
(Oyster  Bay,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida,  and  the  Gulf  coast  to  Texas. 

[Ardea  cinerea  LINN^US.     European  Heron.     [195.] 

Ardea  cinerea  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  143.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Most  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere;  accidental  in  southern 
Greenland.] 

GENUS  HERODIAS  BOIE. 

Herodias  BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  559.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Ardea  egretta 
GMELIN  (Gray,  1855.) 

Herodias  egretta  (GMELIN).     Egret.     [196.] 

Ardea  egretta  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  629.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  America.  Breeds  in  Oregon 
and  California,  and  from  North  Carolina,  Florida,  the  Gulf  coast,  and 
Mexico  south  to  Patagonia;  formerly  bred  north  to  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin;  winters  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  southward;  casual  in 
Manitoba,  Quebec,  New  England,  and  Nova  Scotia. 


GENUS  EGRETTA  T.  FORSTER. 

Egretta  FORSTER,  Synop.  Catal.  Brit.  Birds,  1817,  59.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Ardea  garzetta  LINN.EUS. 

Egretta  candidissima  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  South   America   and   North   America   north   nearly   to 
northern  border  of  the  United  States. 

a.    Egretta  candidissima  candidissima  (GMELIN).    Snowy  Egret.     [197.] 

Ardea  candidissima  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  633.     (Cartagena, 
Colombia.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  and  tropical  America.     Formerly  bred  from  Oregon, 
Nebraska,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  New  Jersey  south  to  Chile  and  Argentina; 


ORDER   HERODIONES.  97 

now  breeds  locally  in  the  United  States  from  North  Carolina  to  Louisiana  ; 
winters  from  Florida  southward;  casual  in  British  Columbia,  Ontario,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  Nova  Scotia. 

b.     Egretta   candidissima   brewsteri  THAYER    &  BANGS.     Brewster's  Egret. 

[197a.] 

Egretta  candidissima  brewsteri  THAYER  &  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool. 
Club,  IV,  April  29,  1909,  40.     (San  Jose"  Island,  Gulf  of  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California. 


GENUS  DICHROMANASSA  RIDGWAY. 

Dichromanassa  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV, 
1878,  246.  Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Ardea  rufa  BODDAERT  =  Ardea  ru- 
fescens  GMELIN. 

Dichromanassa  rufescens  (GMELIN).     Reddish  Egret.    [198.] 
Ardea  rufescens  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  628.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  Jamaica  and  Guatemala;  winters  from 
southern  Florida  southward;  casual  in  Colorado  and  southern  Illinois. 


GENUS  HYDRANASSA  BAIRD. 

Hydranassa  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  660.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Ardea  ludoviciana  WILSON  =  Egretta  ruficottis  GOSSE. 

Hydranassa  tricolor  (MULLER). 

RANGE. —  Warm  temperate  eastern  North  America,  Central 
America,  West  Indies,  and  northern  South  America. 

a.    [Hydranassa  tricolor  tricolor.     Extralimital.] 
6.    Hydranassa  tricolor  runcollls  (GOSSE).    Louisiana  Heron.    [199.] 
Egretta  ruficollis  GOSSE,  Birds  Jamaica,  1847,  338.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  North  America.  Breeds  from  North  Carolina  and  the 
Gulf  States  to  the  West  Indies,  Mexico  (both  coasts),  and  Central  America; 
winters  from  South  Carolina  southward;  casual  in  Indiana,  New  Jersey,  and 
Long  Island. 


98  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

GENUS  FLORIDA  BAIRD. 

Florida  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  671.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Ardea  ccerulea  LINN^US. 

Florida  cserulea  (LINNAEUS).    Little  Blue  Heron.    [200.] 

Ardea  ccerulea  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  143.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Formerly  bred  from  Mis- 
souri, Indiana,  Illinois,  and  New  Jersey  to  western  Mexico  and  south 
to  Argentina  and  Peru;  in  the  United  States  now  breeds  locally  on 
the  Gulf  coast  and  in  South  Carolina;  wanders  casually  to  Nebraska, 
Wisconsin,  Ontario,  New  England,  and  Nova  Scotia;  winters  from 
South  Carolina  southward. 


GENUS  BUTORIDES  BLYTH. 

Butorides  BLYTH,  Catal.  Birds  Mus.  Asiat.  Soc.,  1849  (1852?),  281.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Ardea  javanica  HORSFIELD. 

Butorides  vires cens  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  United  States  south  to  Central  America  and  the  West 
Indies,  and  probably  northern  South  America. 

a.  Butorides  virescens  virescens  (LINNAEUS).    Green  Heron.    [201.] 

Ardea  virescens  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  144.     (Virginia  and 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  South  Dakota, 
northern  Wisconsin,  southern  Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia 
south  to  the  West  Indies;  winters  from  the  West  Indies  southward,  and 
rarely  in  southeastern  United  States;  casual  in  Colorado. 

b.  Butorides  virescens  frazari  (BREWSTER).    Frazar's  Green  Heron.     [201a.] 

Ardea  virescens  frazari  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  83.     (La  Paz, 
Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California  (vicinity  of  La  Paz). 

c.  Butorides  virescens  dnthonyi  (MEARNS).    Anthony's  Green  Heron.     [201c.] 

Ardea  virescens  anthonyi  MEARNS,  Auk,  XII,  July,  1895,  257.     (Seven 
Wells,  Salton  River,  Colorado  Desert,  Lower  California.) 


ORDER  HERODIONES.  99 

RANGE. —  Arid  region  of  southwestern  United  States.  Breeds  from  north- 
ern California  south  to  northern  Lower  California,  southern  Arizona,  and 
Michoacan,  Mexico;  winters  from  southern  California  to  southern  Mexico. 


GENUS  NYCTICORAX  T.  FORSTER. 

Nycticorax  FORSTER,  Synop.  Catal.  Brit.  Birds,  1817,  59.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Nycticorax  infaustus  FORSTER  =  Ardea  nycticorax  LIN- 
NAEUS. 

Nycticorax  nycticorax  (LINNAEUS). 
RANGE. —  Warmer  parts  of  Eastern  and  Western  hemispheres. 

a.  [Nycticorax  nycticorax  nycticorax.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Nycticorax  nycticorax  naevius  (BODDAERT).    Black-crowned  Night  Heron. 

[202.] 

Ardea  ncevia  BODDAERT,  Table  PL  Enl.,  1783,  56.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGB. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  northern  Oregon, 
southern  Wyoming,  southern  Manitoba,  northern  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia 
south  to  Patagonia;  winters  from  northern  California  and  Gulf  States  south- 
ward; casual  in  winter  north  to  Massachusetts  and  southern  Illinois. 


GENUS  NYCTANASSA  STEJNEGER. 

Nyctanassa  STEJNEGER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  X,  1887,  295  (note). 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Ardea  violacea  LINKLEUS. 

Nyctanassa  violacea(LiNN^us).    Yellow-crowned  Night  Heron.    [203.] 

Ardea  violacea  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  143.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Warm  temperate  and  tropical  America.  Breeds  from 
southern  Lower  California,  Kansas,  southern  Illinois,  southern  Indiana, 
and  South  Carolina  south  to  Brazil  and  Peru;  casual  north  to  Colo- 
rado, Ontario,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  and  Nova  Scotia;  winters  from 
southern  Lower  California  and  southern  Florida  southward. 


100  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

ORDER    PALUDICOLJL      CRANES,    EAILS,    ETC. 
SUBORDER  GRUES.    CRANES,  COURLANS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  GRUIDJE.    CRANES. 

GENUS  GRITS  PALLAS. 
Grus  PALLAS,  Misc.  Zool.,  1766,  66.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Ardea  grus 

LlNN^US. 

Grus  americana  (LINNAEUS).     Whooping  Crane.     [204.] 

Ardea  americana  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  142.     (Florida 
and  Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Bred  formerly  from  northern  Mac- 
kenzie south  to  Illinois  and  Iowa;  now  mainly  restricted  to  southern 
Mackenzie  and  northern  Saskatchewan;  in  migration  formerly  not 
rare  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  New  England  to  Florida  and  casual 
west  to  Colorado  and  Idaho;  winters  from  the  Gulf  States  to  central 
Mexico. 

Grus  canadensis  (LINNAEUS).     Little  Brown  Crane.    [205.] 

Ardea  canadensis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  141.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northern  Alaska,  Melville 
Island,  and  Boothia  Peninsula  south  to  central  Alaska,  southern 
Mackenzie,  and  central  Keewatin;  migrates  through  the  interior  of 
United  States,  and  winters  south  to  Texas  and  Jalisco,  Mexico;  casual 
west  to  California. 

Grus  mexicana  (MULLER).    Sandhill  Crane.     [206.] 

Ardea  (grus)  mexicana  MULLER,  Natursyst.  SuppL,  1776,  110.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Resident  in  Louisiana  and  Florida; 
bred  formerly  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Saskatchewan,  Mani- 


ORDER   PALUDICOL^E.  101 

toba,  and  western  Ontario  south  to  California,  Colorado,  Nebraska, 
Illinois,  and  Ohio;  formerly  in  migration  east  to  New  England;  now 
rare  east  of  the  Mississippi,  except  in  Florida,  and  rare  as  a  breeder 
in  the  southern  half  of  its  former  breeding  range;  winters  from  Cali- 
fornia, Texas,  and  Louisiana  south  to  Mexico. 

FAMILY  ARAMIDJE.     COURLANS. 

GENUS  ARAMUS  VIEILLOT. 

Aramus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  58.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Courliri, 
Buff."  =  Ardea  scolopacea  GMELIN  =  Numenius  vociferus  LATHAM. 

Aramus  vociferus  (LATHAM).     Limpkin.     [207.] 

Numenius  vociferus  LATHAM,  Suppl.  Index  On.,  1801,  Ixv.     (Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida,   Greater  Antilles,  and  both  coasts  of  Central 
America;  casual  north  to  South  Carolina;  accidental  in  Texas. 


SUBORDER  RALLI.    RAILS,  GALLINULES,  COOTS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  RALLIDJE.     RAILS,  GALLINULES,  AND  COOTS. 
SUBFAMILY  RALLIN-ffl.     RAILS. 
GENUS  RALLUS  LINNAEUS. 

Rallus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  153.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Rallus  aquaticus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Rdllus  elegans  AUDUBON.     King  Rail.    [208.] 

Rallus  elegans  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  III,  1834,  pi.  203.     (South- 
eastern United  States,  or  interior  of  South  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Nebraska,  south- 
ern Minnesota,  Ontario,  New  York,  and  Connecticut  south  to  Texas, 
Florida,  and  Cuba;  winters  mainly  in  the  southern  part  of  its  breeding 
range;  casual  north  to  South  Dakota  and  Maine. 


102  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Rallus  beldingi  RIDGWAY.     Holding's  Rail.    [209.] 

Rallus  beldingi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882,  345.     (Espiritu 
Santo  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  and  islands  of  southern  Lower  California. 

Rallus  obsoletus  RIDGWAY.     California  Clapper  Rail.    [210.] 

Rallus  elegans  var.  obsoletus  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VIII,  1874,  111.     (San 
Francisco,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Pacific  coast  near  San  Francisco. 

Rallus  levipes  BANGS.     Light-footed  Rail.    [210.1.] 

Rallus  levipes  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  I,  1899,  45.     (New- 
port Landing,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Marshes  of  southern  California  from  Santa  Barbara 
south  to  San  Quintin  Bay,  Lower  California;  accidental  in  Arizona. 

Rallus  crepitans  GMELIN. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States. 

a.  Rallus  crepitans  crepitans  GMELIN.     Clapper  Rail.     [211.] 

Rallus  crepitans  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  713.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  Breeds  from  Connecticut 
to  North  Carolina;  winters  mainly  south  of  New  Jersey;  casual  north  to 
Maine. 

b.  Rallus  crepitans  saturates  RIDGWAY.    Louisiana  Clapper  Rail.    [21  la.] 

Rallus  longirostris  var.  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  V, 
July,  1880,  140.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Louisiana. 

c.  Rallus  crepitans  scotti  SENNETT.    Florida  Clapper  Rail.    [2116.] 

Rallus  longirostris  scottii  SENNETT,  Auk,  V,  July,  1888,  305.     (Tarpon 
Springs,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Gulf  coast  of  Florida. 

d.  Rallus  crepitans  waynei  BREWSTER.    Wayne's  Clapper  Rail.    [211c.] 

Rallus  crepitans  waynei  BREWSTER,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  I,  1899, 
50.     (St.  Mary's,  Camden  Co.,  Georgia.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  south  Atlantic  coast  from  North  Carolina  to 
Florida. 


ORDER   PALUDICOL^E.  103 

Rallus  longirostris  BODDAERT. 
RANGE. —  Northern  South  America,  West  Indies,  and  coast  of  Texas. 

a.     [Rallus  longirostris  longirostris.     ExtralimitaL] 

6.    Rallus  longirostris  caribseus  RIDGWAY.    Caribbean  Clapper  Rail.    [211.2.] 

Rallus  longirostris  var.  caribous  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  V, 
July,  1880,  140.     (West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Texas  (Corpus  Christi  and  Galveston)  and  the  West  Indies. 

Rallus  virginianus  LINN^US.     Virginia  Rail.     [212.] 

Rallus  virginianus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  263.     (Virginia.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  British  Columbia,  south- 
ern Saskatchewan,  southern  Keewatin,  Ontario,  southern  Quebec, 
and  New  Brunswick  south  to  southern  California,  Utah,  Kansas, 
Missouri,  Illinois,  New  Jersey,  and  eastern  North  Carolina,  and  in 
Toluca  Valley,  Mexico;  winters  from  Oregon,  Utah,  and  Colorado 
to  Lower  California  and  Guatemala,  also  in  the  lower  Mississippi 
States,  and  from  North  Carolina  (casually  Massachusetts)  to  Florida; 
occurs  casually  north  to  northern  Quebec  and  Newfoundland. 


GENUS  PORZANA  VIEILLOT. 

Porzana  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  61.    Type,  by  monotypy,  "Marouette, 
Buff."  =  Rallus  porzana  LINNAEUS. 

[Porzana  porzana  (LINNAEUS).    Spotted  Crake.    [213.] 

Rattus  porzana  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  262.     (Europe.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Old  World ;  occasional  in  Green- 
land.] 

Porzana  Carolina  (LINNAEUS).    Sora.    [214.] 

Rallus  carolinus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  153.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 


104  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
south  to  southern  California,  Utah,  Colorado,  Kansas,  Illinois,  and 
New  Jersey;  winters  from  northern  California,  Illinois,  and  South 
Carolina  through  the  West  Indies  and  Central  America  to  Venezuela 
and  Peru;  accidental  in  Bermuda,  Greenland,  and  England. 


GENUS  COTURNICOPS  BONAPARTE. 

Coturnicops  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XLIII,   1856,  599.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Fulica  noveboracensis  GMELIN. 

Cotumicops  noveboracensis  (GMELIN).    Yellow  Rail.    [215.] 

Fulica  noveboracensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  701.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Chiefly  eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern 
Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  southern  Ungava  south  to  Minne- 
sota and  Maine;  winters  in  the  Gulf  States,  rarely  in  California, 
Illinois,  and  North  Carolina;  casual  in  Nevada,  Utah,  and  Bermuda. 


GENUS  CRECISCUS  CABANIS. 

Creciscus  CABANIS,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1856,  428.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Rallus  jamaicensis  GMELIN. 

Creciscus  jamaicensis  (GMELIN).    Black  Rail.    [216.] 

Rallus  jamaicensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  718.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  On- 
tario and  Massachusetts  south  to  Kansas,  Illinois,  and  South  Caro- 
lina; winters  from  Texas  east  through  the  Gulf  States  and  south  to 
Jamaica  and  Guatemala;  casual  in  Bermuda. 

Creciscus  coturniculus  (RIDGWAY).    Farallon  Rail.    [216.1.] 

Porzana  jamaicensis  var.  coturniculus  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VIII,  Feb., 
1874,  111.     (Farallon  Islands,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  United  States.  Breeds  in  coast  marshes 
of  California;  casual  in  Washington,  Oregon,  and  Lower  California. 


ORDER   PALUDICOL^E.  105 


[GENUS  GREX  BECHSTEIN. 

Crex  BECHSTEIN,  Orn.  Taschenb.  Deutschl.,  II,  1803,  336.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Crex  pratensis  BECHSTEIN  =  Rallus  crex  LINNAEUS. 

Crex  crex  (LINNAEUS).     Corn  Crake.    [217.] 

Rallus  crex  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  153.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  northern  Asia;  casual  in  Greenland,  Ber- 
muda, and  eastern  North  America  from  Nova  Scotia  to  New  Jersey.] 

SUBFAMILY  GALLINTTLIN-ffl.     GALLINULES. 
GENUS  IONORNIS  REICHENBACH. 

lonornis  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852.  xxi.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Fulica  martinicensis  JACQUIN  =  Fidica  martinica  LINNAEUS. 

Ion6rnis  martinicus  (LINNAEUS).     Purple  Gallinule.    [218.] 

Fulica  martinica  LINN^JUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12, 1,  1766,  259.     (Martinique, 
West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  subtropical  America.  Breeds  from  Texas, 
Tennessee,  and  South  Carolina  south  through  Mexico  and  the  West 
Indies  to  Ecuador  and  Paraguay;  winters  from  Texas,  Louisiana, 
and  Florida  southward;  irregularly  north  in  summer  to  Arizona, 
Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  Ontario,  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Bruns- 
wick; accidental  in  England  and  Bermuda. 

GENUS  GALLINULA  BRISSON. 

Gallinula  BRISSON,  Orn.,  VI,  1760,  2.     Type,  by  tautonymy  [Gallimda] 
gallinula  BRISSON  =  Fulica  chloropus  LINNAEUS. 

Gallinula  galeaia  (LICHTENSTEIN).     Florida  Gallinule.    [219.] 

Crex  galeata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Saug.  u.  Vogel  Mus.  Berlin,  1818,  36. 
(Brazil.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  temperate  America.  Breeds  from  central 
California,  Arizona,  Nebraska,  Minnesota,  Ontario,  New  York,  and 


106  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Vermont  south  through  the  West  Indies  and  JMexico  to  Chile  and 
Argentina,  and  in  the  Galapagos  and  Bermuda;  winters  from  south- 
ern California,  Arizona,  Texas,  and  Georgia  southward;  casual  in 
Colorado,  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  Maine. 

SUBFAMILY  FULICINJE.     COOTS. 
GENUS  FULICA  LINN^US. 

Fulica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  152.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Fulica  atra  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

[Fulica  atra  LINNAEUS.    European  Coot.    [220.] 

Fulica  atra  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  152.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere;  accidental 
in  Greenland.] 

Fulica  americana  GMELIN.     Coot.    [221.] 

Fulica  americana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  704.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
southern  Mackenzie,  Manitoba,  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to 
northern  Lower  California,  Texas,  Tennessee,  and  New  Jersey,  and 
also  in  southern  Mexico,  southern  West  Indies,  and  Guatemala;  win- 
ters from  southern  British  Columbia,  Nevada,  Utah,  the  Ohio  Valley, 
and  Virginia  south  to  Colombia;  casual  at  Fort  Yukon,  Alaska,  and 
in  Greenland,  Labrador,  and  Bermuda. 


ORDER   LIMICOL^E.  107 

ORDER  LIMICOLuE.     SHORE  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  PHALAROPODIDJE.    PHALAROPES. 

GENUS  PHALAROPUS  BRISSON. 

Phalaropus  BRISSON,  On.,  VI,  1760,  12.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Phalaro- 
pus]  phalaropus  BRISSON  =  Tringa  fidicaria  LINN^US. 

Phalaropus  fulicarius  (LiNN^us).     Red  Phalarope.     [222.] 

Tringa  fidicaria  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  148.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  Southern  hemispheres.  In  North  America 
breeds  from  northern  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  and  northern  Ellesmere 
Land  south  to  mouth  of  the  Yukon,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Kee- 
watin,  Hudson  Strait,  and  southern  Greenland;  winter  home  un- 
known but  probably  on  the  oceans,  at  least  as  far  south  as  Falkland 
and  Juan  Fernandez  islands;  migrates  along  both  coasts  of  United 
States;  casual  in  migration  in  interior  south  to  Colorado,  Kansas, 
Illinois,  and  Maryland. 

GENUS  LOBIPES  CUVIER. 

Lobipes  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  495.     Type,  by  orig    desig., 
Tringa  hyperborea  LINN^US  =  Tringa  lobata  LINNJSUS. 

L6bipes  lob&tus  (LiNN^us).    Northern  Phalarope.    [223.] 

Tringa  lobata  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  148,  824.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  Southern  hemispheres.  In  North  America 
breeds  from  northern  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  and  central  Greenland 
south  to  Aleutian  Islands  (including  Near  Islands),  valley  of  the  Upper 
Yukon,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  southern  James  Bay, 


108  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

and  northern  Ungava;  winter  home  unknown,  but  probably  the 
oceans  south  of  the  equator;  in  migration  occurs  nearly  throughout 
the  United  States  and  in  Mexico,  Central  America,  Bermuda,  and 
Hawaii. 

GENUS  STEGANOPUS  VIEILLOT. 

Steganopus  VIEILLOT,   Nouv.   Diet.   d'Hist.   Nat.,   XXXII,    1819,    136. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Steganopus  tricolor  VIEILLOT. 

Steganopus  tricolor  VIEILLOT.     Wilson's  Phalarope.    [224.] 

Steganopus  tricolor  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXII,  1819, 
136.     (Paraguay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  central  Wash- 
ington, central  Alberta,  and  Lake  Winnipeg  south  to  eastern  Califor- 
nia, southern  Colorado,  southern  Kansas,  northern  Iowa,  and  north- 
western Indiana;  winters  from  central  Chile  and  central  Argentina 
south  to  Falkland  Islands;  casual  in  migration  on  Pacific  coast  from 
southern  British  Columbia  to  Lower  California  and  on  Atlantic  coast 
from  Maine  to  New  Jersey. 


FAMILY  RECURVIROSTRIDJE.     AVOCETS  AND  STILTS. 

GENUS  RECURVIROSTRA  LINNAEUS. 

Recurvirostra  LINN^US,   Syst.   Nat.,  ed.    10,   I,   1758,   151.     Type,   by 
monotypy,  Recurvirostra  avosetta  LINNAEUS. 

Recurvirdstra  americana  GMELIN.    Avocet.    [225.] 

Recurvirostra  americana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  693.     (North 
America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  eastern  Oregon,  central 
Alberta,  and  southern  Manitoba  (rarely  north  to  Great  Slave  Lake) 
south  to  southern  California,  southern  New  Mexico,  northwestern 
Texas,  northern  Iowa,  and  central  Wisconsin;  winters  from  southern 
California  and  southern  Texas  to  southern  Guatemala;  casual  from 
Ontario  and  New  Brunswick  to  Florida  and  the  West  Indies,  but  rare 
east  of  Mississippi  River. 


ORDER   LIMICOL^E.  109 


GENUS  HIM  ANT  OP  US  BRISSON. 

Himantopus  BRISSON,  Orn.,  V,  1760,  33.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Himan- 
topus]  himantopus  BRISSON  =  Charadrius  himantopus  LINN.EUS. 

Himantopus  mexicanus  (MULLER).     Black-necked  Stilt.     [226.] 

Charadrius  mexicanus  MULLER,   Natursyst.   Suppl.,  1776,    117.      (Mex- 
ico.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  from  central  Oregon,  northern  Utah,  and  southern  Colorado 
to  southern  California,  southern  New  Mexico,  southern  Texas,  coast 
of  Louisiana,  and  in  Mexico,  and  from  central  Florida  and  Bahamas 
throughout  the  West  Indies  to  northern  Brazil  and  Peru;  formerly 
bred  north  to  New  Jersey;  winters  from  southern  Lower  California, 
southern  Texas,  southern  Louisiana,  and  southern  Florida  south 
through  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies  to  northern  Brazil, 
Peru,  and  the  Galapagos;  casual  north  in  migration  to  Nebraska, 
Wisconsin,  and  New  Brunswick. 


FAMILY  SCOLOPAGID2E.    SNIPES,  SANDPIPERS,  ETC. 

[GENUS  SCOLOPAX  LINN^US. 

Scolopax  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,   1758,  145.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Scolopax  rusticola  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Scolopax  rusticola  LINN^US.     European  Woodcock.     [227.] 

Scolopax  rusticola  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  146.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
the  Arctic  Circle  to  Great  Britain,  Russia,  Siberia,  and  mountains  of 
Europe  and  Asia,  and  also  in  the  Azores,  Canary,  and  Madeira  islands; 
winters  in  Great  Britain,  southern  Europe,  northern  Africa,  China, 
and  India;  occasional  in  eastern  North  America  from  Newfoundland 
to  Virginia.] 


110  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  PHILOHELA  GRAY. 

Philohela  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1841,  90.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Scolopax  minor  GMELIN. 

Philohela  minor  (GMELIN).     Woodcock.     [228]. 

Scolopax  minor  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  661.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  northeastern 
North  Dakota,  southern  Manitoba,  northern  Michigan,  southern 
Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  southern  Kansas,  southern  Louisi- 
ana, and  northern  Florida;  winters  from  southern  Missouri,  the  Ohio 
Valley,  and  New  Jersey  (rarely  Massachusetts)  south  to  Texas  and 
southern  Florida;  ranges  casually  to  Saskatchewan,  Keevratin,  Colo- 
rado, Newfoundland,  and  Bermuda. 


GENUS  GALLINAGO  KOCH. 

Gallinago  KOCH,  Syst.  Baier.  Zool.,  1816,  312.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Gallinago  media  KOCH  =  Scolopax  gallinago  LINNAEUS. 

[Gallinago  gallinago  (LINNAEUS).    European  Snipe.    [229.] 

Scolopax  gallinago  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  147.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in 
Great  Britain,  Iceland,  northern  Europe,  and  Siberia  to  latitude 
70°,  and  in  mountains  of  Europe  and  Asia;  winters  in  Great  Britain, 
southern  Europe,  northern  Africa,  India,  China,  and  the  Philippines; 
casual  in  Greenland;  accidental  in  Bermuda.] 

Gallinago  delicata  (ORD).     Wilson's  Snipe.     [230.] 

Scolopax  delicata  ORD,  Reprint  of  WILSON'S  Orn.,   IX,  1825,  ccxviii. 
(Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
from  northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin, 
and  northern  Ungava  south  to  northern  California,  southern  Colo- 
rado, northern  Iowa,  northern  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  Jersey; 


ORDER   LIMICOLuE.  Ill 

winters  from  northern  California,  New  Mexico,  Arkansas,  and  North 
Carolina  through  Central  America  and  West  Indies  to  Colombia  and 
southern  Brazil;  remains  in  winter  casually  and  locally  north  to 
Washington,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Illinois,  and  Nova  Scotia;  acci- 
dental in  Hawaii,  Bermuda,  and  Great  Britain. 

[Gallinago  media  (LATHAM).     Great  Snipe.    [230.1.] 

Scolopax  media  LATHAM,  Suppl.  Gen.  Synopsis,  I,  1787,  292.     (Lanca- 
shire, England.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from 
Prussia,  Russia,  and  Siberia  north  to  beyond  latitude  71°;  winters 
from  the  Mediterranean  to  South  Africa;  in  migration  from  Great 
Britain  to  Persia;  accidental  in  Canada.] 


GENUS  MACRORHAMPHUS  T.  FORSTER. 

Macrorhamphus  FORSTER,  Synop.  Cat.  Brit.  Birds,  1817,  22.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Scolopax  grisea  GMELIN. 

Macrorhamphus  griseus  (GMELIN). 
RANGE. —  North  and  South  America. 

a.    Macrorhamphus  griseus  griseus  (GMELIN).    Dowitcher.     [231.] 

Scolopax  grisea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  658.     (Coast  of  New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  and  South  America.  Breeding  range  unknown, 
but  probably  northern  Ungava;  winters  from  Florida  and  the  West  Indies 
south  to  northern  Brazil;  in  migration  regularly  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and 
occasionally  in  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Ontario;  accidental  in  Greenland, 
Bermuda,  Great  Britain,  and  France. 

6.    Macrorhamphus  griseus  scolopaceus  (SAY).    Long-billed  Dowitcher.    [232.] 

Limosa  scolopacea  SAY,  in  LONG'S  Exped.,  I,   1823,  170.     (Near  Boyer 
Creek  [near  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa].) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Point 
Barrow  tc  mouth  of  the  Yukon,  east  to  northwestern  Mackenzie;  winters  from 
Louisiana,  Florida,  and  Mexico  south,  probably  to  South  America;  in  migra- 
tion most  abundant  in  western  Mississippi  Valley;  casual  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  from  Massachusetts  southward  and  on  the  northern  coast  of  eastern 
Siberia. 


112  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  MICROPALAMA  BAIRD. 

Micropalama  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.   &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  726. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Tringa  himantopus  BONAPARTE. 

Micropalama  himantopus  (BONAPARTE).    Stilt  Sandpiper.    [233.] 

Tringa  himantopus  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  II,  1826,  157. 
(Long  Branch,  New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  near  the  coast  of 
Mackenzie  and  probably  south  to  central  Keewatin ;  winters  in  South 
America  south  to  Uruguay  and  Chile;  casual  in  winter  in  southern 
Texas  and  Mexico ;  in  migration  occurs  in  western  Mississippi  Valley, 
West  Indies,  and  Central  America;  less  common  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  casual  in  British  Columbia,  Newfoundland,  and  Bermuda. 


GENUS  TRINGA  LINN^US. 

Tringa  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  148.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Tringa  canutus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Tringa  canutus  LINN^US.    Knot.    [234.] 

Tringa  canutus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  149.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  Southern  hemispheres.  Breeds  from 
northern  Ellesmere  Land  south  to  Melville  Peninsula  and  Iceland, 
and  also  on  Taimyr  Peninsula,  Siberia;  winters  south  to  southern 
Patagonia,  and  from  the  Mediterranean  to  South  Africa,  India, 
Australia,  and  New  Zealand;  casual  in  winter  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of 
United  States;  in  migration  occurs  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  North 
America  and  over  most  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere;  rare  in  the  inte- 
rior of  North  America  and  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


GENUS  ARQUATELLA  BAIRD. 

Arquatella  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  717.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Tringa  maritima  BRUNNICH. 


ORDER   LIMICOL^.  113 

Arquatella  maritima  (BRUNNICH). 
RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.  Arquatella  maritima  maritima  (BRUNNICH).    Purple  Sandpiper.    [235.] 

Tringa   maritima   BRUNNICH,    Orn.    Borealis,    1764,    54.     (Christiansoe 
Island,  and  Norway.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  Melville  Island,  Ellesmere 
Land,  and  northern  Greenland  south  to  Melville  Peninsula,  Cumberland 
Sound,  and  southern  Greenland,  and  in  Norway,  Russia,  Siberia,  Iceland, 
and  Faroe  Islands;  winters  from  southern  Greenland  and  New  Brunswick  to 
Long  Island;  casual  in  migration  to  the  Great  Lakes,  Georgia,  Florida,  and 
Bermuda,  and  in  the  Eastern  Hemisphere  south  to  Great  Britain  and  the 
Mediterranean. 

b.  Arquatella  maritima  couesi  RIDGWAY.    Aleutian  Sandpiper.    [235a.] 

Arquatella  couesi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  V,  July,  1880,  160. 
(Attu  Island,  Aleutian  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Alaska.  Breeds  on  the  Commander,  Aleutian,  and  Shumagin 
islands;  winters  on  Commander,  Kuril,  Kadiak,  and  Aleutian  islands,  and 
Alaska  coast  south  to  Sitka;  in  migration  occurs  on  Kotzebue  Sound,  Alaska, 
and  at  Plover  Bay,  Siberia. 

c.  Arquatella  maritima  ptilocne*mis  (COUES).    Pribilof  Sandpiper.    [2355.] 

Tringa  ptilocnemis  COUES,  in  ELLIOT,  Rep.  Seal  Isl.  Alaska,  1873  (not 
paged).     (St.  George  Island,  Pribilof  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Alaska.  Breeds  on  St.  Lawrence,  St.  Matthew,  and  Pribilof 
islands;  winters  on  coast  of  southeastern  Alaska  near  Lynn  Canal;  wanders 
in  migration  north  to  Norton  Sound  and  southwest  to  Unalaska. 


GENUS  PISOBIA  BILLBERG. 

Pisobia  BILLBERG,  Syn.  Faunae  Scand.,  I,  ii,  1828,  136.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Tringa  minuta  LEISLER  (A.  O.  U.  Comm.,  1908). 

Pisobia  aurita  (LATHAM).     Sharp-tailed  Sandpiper.     [238.] 

Tringa  aurita  LATHAM,  Suppl.  Index  Orn.,   1801,  Ixvi.     (New  South 
Wales.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  parts  of   the  Eastern  Hemisphere.     Breeds  on 
the  Chukchi  Peninsula,  Siberia;   winters  in  Japan  and  south  to  New 


114  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Guinea,  the  Bismark  Archipelago,  Tonga  Islands,  Australia,  and  New 
Zealand;  in  fall  migration  occurs  on  Kotzebue  and  Norton  sounds, 
Pribilof,  Unalaska,  and  Queen  Charlotte  islands;  accidental  in  Hawaii 
and  Great  Britain. 

Pisobia  maculata  (VIEILLOT).     Pectoral  Sandpiper.    [239.] 

Tringa  maculata  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXIV,  1819,  465. 
(Antilles,  or  southern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  on  the  Arctic  coast 
from  northern  Alaska  to  mouth  of  Yukon  and  northeastern  Mackenzie ; 
winters  in  South  America  from  Peru  and  Bolivia  to  northern  Chile, 
Argentina,  and  central  Patagonia;  in  migration  very  rare  on  Pacific 
coast  south  of  British  Columbia,  except  in  Lower  California;  common 
in  fall  migration  in  Mississippi  Valley  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  rare 
in  spring;  casual  in  northeastern  Siberia,  Unalaska,  and  Greenland; 
accidental  in  Hawaii  and  England. 

Pisobia  fuscic611is  (VIEILLOT).    White-rumped  Sandpiper.    [240.] 

Tringa  fusdcollis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXIV,  1819,  461. 
(Paraguay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  along  the  Arctic  coast 
from  northwestern  Mackenzie  to  Cumberland  Island;  has  occurred  in 
summer  west  to  Point  Barrow  and  east  to  Greenland;  winters  from 
Paraguay  to  southern  Patagonia  and  the  Falkland  Islands;  in  migra- 
tion most  abundant  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  less  so  on  the  Atlantic 
coast;  casual  in  Bermuda,  Great  Britain,  the  West  Indies,  and  Central 
America. 

Pisobia  bairdi  (COUES).     Baird's  Sandpiper.    [241.] 

Actodromas  bairdii  COUES,    Proc.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci.    Phila.,  1861,  194. 
(Fort  Resolution,  Great  Slave  Lake,  Canada.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  along  the  Arctic  coast 
from  Point  Barrow  to  northern  Keewatin;  winters  in  Chile,  Argentina, 
and  Patagonia;  occurs  regularly  in  migration  from  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains to  the  Mississippi  River,  and  in  Central  America  and  northern 
South  America,  and  irregularly  in  autumn  on  the  Pacific  coast  from 


ORDER   LIMICOL.E.  115 

Alaska  to  Lower  California  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Nova  Scotia 
to  New  Jersey;  casual  in  summer  in  Guerrero,  Mexico;  accidental  in 
England  and  South  Africa. 

Pisobia  minutilla  (VIEILLOT).    Least  Sandpiper.    [242.] 

Tringa  minutilla  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXIV,  1819,  466. 
(Nova  Scotia  to  the  Antilles.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern 
Alaska,  southern  Arctic  islands,  and  northern  Ungava  to  Yakutat 
Bay,  Alaska,  valley  of  the  Upper  Yukon,  northern  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Sable  Island;  winters 
from  California,  Texas,  and  North  Carolina  through  the  West  Indies 
and  Central  America  to  Brazil,  Chile,  and  the  Galapagos;  in  migra- 
tion occurs  throughout  the  United  States  and  west  to  northeastern 
Siberia  and  the  Commander  Islands,  north  to  Greenland,  and  in 
Bermuda;  accidental  in  Europe. 

[Pisobia  damacensis  (HORSFIELD).     Long-toed  Stint.    [242.1.] 

Totanus  damacensis  HORSFIELD,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XIII,  Pt.  i, 
1821,  192.     (Java.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia  to  Australia.  Breeds  in  eastern  Siberia, 
Kamchatka,  and  Kuril  Islands;  winters  in  India,  Burma,  Malay 
Archipelago,  and  Australia;  accidental  on  Otter  Island,  Pribilof 
Islands,  Alaska.] 


GENUS  PELIDNA  CUVIER. 

Pelidna  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  490,  Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Tringa  cinclus  LINN^US,  1766  =  Tringa  alpina  LINNAEUS,  1758  (Gray, 
1840). 

Pelidna  alpina  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  the  northern  parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
migrating  south  in  winter  to  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  and  Red 
seas,  the  Indian  Ocean,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Lower  California. 


116  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

[a.    Pelidna  alpina  alpina  (LINNJEUS).    Dunlin.    [243.] 

Tringa  alpina  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  149.      ("Lapponia.") 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  Scotland,  Iceland,  Russia,  and 
Siberia  north  to  latitude  74°;  winters  from  Great  Britain,  Holland,  and  the 
Caspian  Sea  to  northern  Africa  and  Calcutta;  accidental  in  eastern  North 
America  (Massachusetts,  New  York,  and  District  of  Columbia).] 

6.     Pelidna  alpina  sakhalina  (VIEILLOT).    Red-backed  Sandpiper.    [243a.] 

Scolopax  sakhalina  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  Ill,  1816,  359. 
(Sakhalin  Island,  Okhotsk  Sea.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  eastern  Asia.  Breeds  on  the  northern  coast 
of  Siberia  west  to  mouth  of  the  Yenisei,  and  from  Point  Barrow  to  mouth  of 
Yukon,  and  in  Boothia  and  Melville  peninsulas,  and  northern  Ungava;  win- 
ters on  the  Pacific  coast  from  Washington  to  southern  Lower  California  and 
from  New  Jersey  (rarely  Massachusetts)  south  to  Louisiana  and  southern 
Texas,  and  in  Asia  from  China  and  Japan  to  the  Malay  Archipelago;  rare  in 
migration  in  the  interior  of  the  United  States  except  about  the  southern  end 
of  Lake  Michigan. 


GENUS  EROLIA  VIEILLOT. 

Erolia  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  55.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Erolia  varie- 
gata  VIEILLOT  =  Tringa  ferruginea  BRUNNICH. 

Erolia  ferruginea  (BRUNNICH).     Curlew  Sandpiper.    [244.] 

Tringa  ferruginea  BRUNNICH,  Orn.  Borealis,    1764,   53.     (Iceland  and 
Christiansoe  Island.) 

RANGE. —  Chiefly  Eastern  Hemisphere;  occasional  in  North  and 
South  America.  Breeds  in  the  Yenisei  delta  and  on  the  Taimyr 
Peninsula,  Siberia;  winters  in  Africa,  India,  Malay  Archipelago,  and 
Australia;  in  migration  occurs  from  Great  Britain  to  China  and  the 
Philippines;  occasional  in  North  America:  Alaska  (Point  Barrow), 
Ontario,  Nova  Scotia,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  York,  and  New 
Jersey,  and  in  the  West  Indies  and  Patagonia. 


ORDER  LIMICOI^E.  117 


[GENUS  EURYNORHYNCHUS  NILSSON. 

Eurynorhynchus  NILSSON,  Orn.  Suecica,  II,  1821,  29.     Type,   by  mono- 
typy,  Eurynorhynchus  griseus  NILSSON  =  Platalea  pygmea  LINN.EUS. 

Eurynorhynchus  pygmeus  (LiNN^us).     Spoon-bill  Sandpiper.    [245.] 

Platalea  pygmea  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,   140.     ("Suri- 
nami."  =  eastern  Asia.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia.  Summers  and  presumably  breeds  in 
northeastern  Siberia;  winters  in  southern  and  southeastern  Asia; 
casual  on  Choris  Peninsula,  Alaska.] 


GENUS  EREUNETES  ILLIGER. 

Ereunetes  ILLIGER,  Prodromus,  1811,  262.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Ere- 
unetes  petrificatus  ILLIGER  =  Tringa  pusilla  LINNAEUS. 

Ereunetes  pusillus  (LINNAEUS).    Semipalmated  Sandpiper.    [246.] 

Tringa    pusilla    LINN.GUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.   12,  I,   1766,  252.      (Santo 
Domingo,  West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  the  Arctic 
coast  of  North  America  south  to  mouth  of  Yukon  and  to  southern 
Ungava;  winters  from  Texas  and  South  Carolina  through  West  Indies 
and  Central  America  to  Patagonia;  migrates  mainly  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  casual  in  British  Columbia,  Pribilof  Islands,  and  north- 
eastern Siberia;  accidental  in  Europe. 

Ereunetes  mauri  CABANIS.    Western  Sandpiper.    [247.] 

Ereunetes  mauri  CABANIS,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1856,  419.     (Cuba.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  along  the  Alaska 
coast  from  Kotzebue  Sound  to  mouth  of  Yukon;  winters  from  North 
Carolina  to  Florida,  and  from  southern  Lower  California  to  Vene- 
zuela; in  migration  occurs  mainly  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  but 
also  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts  and  in  the 
West  Indies. 


118  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  CALIDRIS  ILLIGER. 

Calidris  ILLIGER,  Prodromus,  1811,  249.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Char- 
adrius  calidris  LINN^US  =  Tringa  leucophasa  PALLAS. 

Calidris  leucophaea  (PALLAS).    Sanderling.    [248.] 

Tringa  leucophcea  PALLAS,  in  Vroeg's  Catal.,  1764,  32.     (North  coast  of 
Holland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  Southern  hemispheres.  Breeds  from  Mel- 
ville Island,  Ellesmere  Land,  and  northern  Greenland  to  Point  Bar- 
row, Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  Iceland,  and  in  northern  Siberia; 
winters  from  central  California,  Texas,  Virginia,  and  Bermuda  to 
Patagonia,  and  casually  to  Massachusetts  and  Washington;  also  from 
the  Mediterranean,  Burma,  and  Japan  to  South  Africa  and  various 
Pacific  islands,  including  Hawaii. 


GENUS  LIMOSA  BRISSON. 

Limosa  BRISSON,  On.,  V,  1760,  261.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Limosa] 
limosa  BRISSON  =  Scolopax  limosa  LINNAEUS. 

Limosa  fedoa  (LINNJEUS).     Marbled  Godwit.    [249.] 

Scolopax  fedoa  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  146.     (Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  valley  of  the  Saskatchewan 
south  to  North  Dakota  (formerly  to  Iowa  and  Wisconsin) ;  winters  from 
southern  Lower  California,  Louisiana,  Florida,  and  Georgia  to  Guate- 
mala and  Belize;  casual  in  California  in  winter;  in  migration  occurs 
on  the  Pacific  coast  north  to  British  Columbia,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  to  the  Maritime  Provinces  (formerly)  and  south  to  the  Lesser 
Antilles;  accidental  in  Alaska. 

Limosa  lapponica  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Arctic  Europe  and  Asia,  south  in  winter  to  northern 
Africa,  Malay  Archipelago,  Australia,  and  New  Zealand. 


ORDER   LIMICOL^E.  119 

a.     [Limosa  lapponica  lapponica.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Limosa  lapponica  baueri  NAUMANN.    Pacific  Godwit.    [250.] 

Limosa  baueri  NAUMANN,  Naturg.   Vogel  Deutschl.,  VIII,   1836,  429. 
(Australia.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia  to  New  Zealand.  Breeds  in  eastern  Siberia  and 
Kamchatka  and  in  western  Alaska  from  Kotzebue  Sound  to  Unalaska; 
winters  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  Oceanica; 
migrates  through  China,  Japan,  and  the  Philippines;  casual  in  migration 
north  to  Point  Barrow;  accidental  in  Hawaii  and  Lower  California. 

Limosa  hsemastica  (LINNAEUS).     Hudsonian  Godwit.     [251.] 

Scolopax  hcemastica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  147.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  the  lower 
Anderson  River  southeast  to  central  Keewatin;  winters  in  Argentina, 
Patagonia,  and  the  Falkland  Islands;  in  migration  occurs  principally 
east  of  the  Great  Plains,  most  commonly  on  the  Atlantic  coast  in 
autumn  and  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  in  spring;  casual  in  Alaska. 

[Limosa  limosa  (LINNJEUS).     Black-tailed  Godwit.    [252.] 

Scolopax  limosa  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  147.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Old  World.  Breeds  from  at  least 
as  far  north  as  the  Arctic  Circle  to  Iceland,  Holland,  Russia,  and 
Siberia;  winters  in  the  Mediterranean  region;  accidental  in  Green- 
land.] 

[GENUS  GLOTTIS  KOCH. 

Glottis   KOCH,   Syst.   Baier.    Zool.,    1816,   304.     Type,   by  tautonymy, 
Totanus  glottis  BECHSTEIN  =  Scolopax  nebularia  GUNNERUS. 

Glottis  nebularia  (GUNNERUS).     Green-shank.    [253.] 

Scolopax  nebularia  GUNNERUS,  in  LEEM,  Beskr.  Finm.  Lapper,   1767, 
251  (note).     (District  of  Trondhjem,  Norway.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  northern  Europe  and 
Asia;  winters  from  the  Mediterranean  and  China  to  Australia  and 
southern  Africa;  accidental  in  Florida.] 


120  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  TOTANUS  BECHSTEIN. 

Totanus  BECHSTEIN,  Orn.  Taschenb.  DeutschL,  II,  1803,  282.     Type, 
by    tautonymy,    Totanus   maculatus    BECHSTEIN  =  Scolopax    totanus 

LlNN/EUS. 

Totanus  melanoleucus  (GMELIN).     Greater  Yellow-legs.    [254.] 

Scolopax  melanoleuca  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,   659.     (Chateau 
Bay,  Labrador.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Lake  Iliamna, 
Alaska,  and  southern  Mackenzie  to  southern  British  Columbia, 
Ungava,  Labrador,  and  Anticosti  Island;  winters  from  southern 
California,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Georgia  (casually  North  Carolina) 
south  to  Patagonia;  occurs  in  Bermuda  in  migration. 

Totanus  flavipes  (GMELIN).     Yellow-legs.    [255.] 

Scolopax  flavipes  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  659.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue 
Sound,  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  southern 
Ungava  to  the  valley  of  the  Upper  Yukon,  southern  Saskatchewan, 
and  northern  Quebec;  winters  in  Argentina,  Chile,  and  Patagonia, 
and  casually  in  Mexico,  Florida,  and  the  Bahamas;  in  migration 
occurs  mainly  east  of  Rocky  Mountains  (rare  in  spring  on  the  Atlantic 
coast)  and  in  the  Pribilof  Islands,  Greenland,  and  Bermuda;  acci- 
dental in  Great  Britain. 


GENUS  HELODROMAS  KAUP. 

Helodromas  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  144.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Tringa  ocrophus  LINNJEUS. 

Helddromas  solitarius  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  southern 
South  America. 


ORDER   LIMICOL^E.  121 

a.  Helodromas  solitarius  solitarius  (WILSON).    Solitary  Sandpiper.     [256.] 

Tringa  solitaria  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  VII,  1813,  53,  pi.  58,  fig.  3.     (Prob- 
ably Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Summers  from  central  Keewatin, 
northern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  Nebraska,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Ohio,  and  Pennsylvania;  probably  breeds  regularly  in  the  northern  part  of 
its  range,  locally  and  casually  in  the  southern  part;  winters  from  the  West 
Indies  to  Argentina;  recorded  from  Greenland,  Bermuda,  and  Great  Britain. 

b.  Helodromas   solitarius   cinnamomeus    (BREWSTER).     Western  Solitary 

Sandpiper.    [256o.] 

Totanus  solitarius  cinnamomeus  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VII,  Oct.,  1890,  377. 
(San  Jose"  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  and  South  America.  Summers  from  Kotzebue 
Sound  and  Great  Bear  Lake  south  to  Washington  and  Colorado,  but  probably 
breeds  only  casually  in  the  United  States;  winter  home  unknown,  probably 
in  northern  South  America. 

[Helodromas  dcrophus  (LiNN^us).     Green  Sandpiper.    [257.] 

Tringa  ocrophus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  149.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Europe  and  Asia;  winters  from  southern  Europe  and  China  to  Africa 
and  the  Malay  Archipelago;  accidental  in  Nova  Scotia.] 


[GENUS  RHYACOPHILUS  KAUP. 

Rhyacophilus  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  140.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Tringa  glareola  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1842). 

Rhyacophiius  glareola  (LiNN^us).     Wood  Sandpiper.     [257.1.] 

Tringa  glareola  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  149.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  Europe  and  northern 
Asia;  south  in  winter  to  Africa,  India,  the  Malay  region,  and  Austra- 
lia; accidental  in  Alaska.] 


122  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  CATOPTROPHORUS  BONAPARTE. 

Catoptrophorus  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  II,  1827,  323.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Scolopax  semipalmata  GMELIN. 

Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  South 
America. 

a.    Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus  semipalmatus  (GMELIN).    Willet.    [258.] 
Scolopax  semipalmata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  659.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Virginia  (formerly 
Nova  Scotia)  south  to  Florida  and  the  Bahamas;  winters  from  the  Bahamas 
to  Brazil  and  Peru;  accidental  in  Bermuda  and  Europe. 

I.    Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus  inornatus  (BKEWSTER).     Western  Willet. 
[258a.] 

Symphemia  semipalmata  inornata  BREWSTER,  Auk,  IV,  April,  1887,  145. 
(Larimer  Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Oregon,  southern 
Alberta,  and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  northern  California,  central  Colorado, 
southern  South  Dakota,  and  northern  Iowa,  and  on  the  coasts  of  Texas  and 
Louisiana;  winters  from  central  California,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Gulf  coast  of 
Florida  to  Mexico  (Lower  California,  Tepic,  and  Guerrero) ;  in  fall  migration 
occurs  in  British  Columbia  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  New  England 
south. 


GENUS  HETERACTITIS  STEJNEGER. 

Heteractitis  STEJNEGER,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  236.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Scolopax  incamis  GMELIN. 

Heteractitis  incanus  (GMELIN).     Wandering  Tattler.     [259.] 

Scolopax  incanus  GMELIN,  Syst.   Nat.,   I,   ii,    1789,   658.     (Eimeo  [or 
Moorea]  Island,  Society  group,  and  Palmerston  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  and  islands  of  the  Pacific,  interior  Alaska,  and 
Yukon  Territory.  Breeds  from  south  central  Alaska  (Mt.  McKinley) 
to  east  central  Yukon  (Macmillan  River)  and  south  to  Prince  William 
Sound;  occurs  west  to  Norton  Sound  and  northern  Siberia;  winters 


ORDER   LIMICOIwE.  123 

from  Lower  California  to  the  Galapagos,  in  Hawaii  and  Oceanica; 
east  in  migration  to  Crater  Lake,  Oregon. 

[GENUS  MACHETES  CUVIER. 

Machetes  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  490.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 

Tringa  pugnax  LINN^US. 

Machetes  pugnax  (LINNAEUS).     Ruff.     [260.] 

Tringa  pugnax  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  148.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  the  Arctic  coast  south 
to  Great  Britain,  Holland,  Russia,  and  Siberia;  winters  throughout 
Africa,  India,  and  Burma;  strays  occasionally  to  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere, from  Ontario  and  Greenland  south  to  Indiana,  North  Caro- 
lina, Barbados,  and  northern  South  America.] 


GENUS  BARTRAMIA  LESSON. 

Bartramia  LESSON,   TraitS    d'Orn.,    1831,    553.     Type,   by   monotypy, 
Bartramia  laticauda  LESSON  =  Tringa  longicauda  BECHSTEIN. 

Bartramia  longicauda  (BECHSTEIN).     Upland  Plover.     [261.] 

Tringa  longicauda  BECHSTEIN,  in  LATHAM,  Allg.  Ueb.  Vogel,  IV,  ii,  1812, 
453.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern 
Alaska,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  central  Wisconsin, 
southern  Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern  Maine  to  south- 
ern Oregon,  northern  Utah,  central  Oklahoma,  southern  Missouri, 
southern  Indiana,  and  northern  Virginia;  winters  on  the  pampas  of 
South  America  to  Argentina ;  in  migration  occurs  north  to  Newfound- 
land and  in  Europe;  accidental  in  Australia. 


GENUS  TRYNGITES  CABANIS. 

Tryngites  CABANIS,  Journ.  fur  On.,  1856,  418.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Tringa  rufescens  VIEILLOT  =  Tringa  subruficollis  VIEILLOT. 


124  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Tryngites  subruficollis  (VIEILLOT).     Buff-breasted  Sandpiper.     [262.] 

Tringa  mbruficollis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXIV,  1819, 
465.     (Paraguay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  along  the  Arctic 
coast  from  northern  Alaska  to  northern  Keewatin;  winters  in  Argen- 
tina and  Uruguay;  most  abundant  in  migration  in  the  Mississippi 
Valley;  occasional  on  the  Atlantic  coast  in  fall;  casual  on  the  Pacific 
coast  north  to  St.  Michael,  Alaska,  and  to  northeastern  Siberia; 
straggles  to  Bermuda  and  frequently  to  western  Europe. 


GENUS  ACTITIS  ILLIGER. 

Actitis  ILLIGER,  Prodromus,  1811,  262.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Tringa 
hypoleucos  LINNAEUS  (A.  O.  U.  Comm.,  1886). 

Actitis  macularia  (LINNAEUS).    Spotted  Sandpiper.    [263.] 

Tringa  macularia  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  249.     (Pennsyl- 
vania.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  tree  limit  in 
northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  northern 
Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  California,  Arizona, 
southern  Texas,  southern  Louisiana,  and  northern  South  Carolina; 
winters  from  California,  Louisiana,  and  South  Carolina  to  southern 
Brazil  and  central  Peru;  straggles  to  Great  Britain  and  Helgoland. 


GENUS  NUMENIUS  BRISSON. 

Numenius  BRISSON,  Orn.,  V,  1760,  311.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Numen- 
ius]  numenius  BRISSON  =  Scolopax  arquata  LINNAEUS. 

Numenius  americ&nus  BECHSTEIN.    Long-billed  Curlew.    [264.] 

Numenius  americanus  BECHSTEIN,  in  LATHAM,  Allg.  Ueb.  Vogel,  IV,  ii, 
1812,  432.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.     Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia, 
southern  Saskatchewan,   and  Manitoba  to   northeastern   California, 


ORDER   LIMICOL^E.  125 

northern  New  Mexico,  and  northwestern  Texas ;  winters  from  central 
California  and  southern  Arizona  south  to  Guatemala,  and  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  from  South  Carolina  to  Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Texas; 
formerly  a  regular  migrant  north  to  Massachusetts  and  rarely  to  New- 
foundland, now  a  straggler  east  of  the  Mississippi,  north  of  Florida; 
casual  in  the  West  Indies. 

Numenius  hudsonicus  LATHAM.     Hudsonian  Curlew.     [265.] 

Numenius  htidsonicus  LATHAM,  Index  Orn.,  II,  1790,  712.     (Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  on  the  coast  of  Alaska 
from  mouth  of  Yukon  to  Kotzebue  Sound,  and  on  the  coast  of  north- 
ern Mackenzie;  winters  from  Lower  California  to  southern  Honduras, 
from  Ecuador  to  southern  Chile,  and  from  British  Guiana  to  mouth 
of  the  Amazon;  migrates  mainly  along  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic 
coasts;  rare  in  the  interior;  casual  on  the  Pribilof  Islands  and  in 
Greenland  and  Bermuda;  accidental  in  Spain. 

Numenius  bore  alls  (J.  R.  FORSTER).     Eskimo  Curlew.     [266.] 

Scolopax   borealis  FORSTER,  Philos.    Trans.,    LXII,    1772,    431.     (Fort 
Albany,  Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  on  the  Barren 
Grounds  of  northern  Mackenzie;  winters  in  Argentina  and  Patago- 
nia; now  nearly  extinct. 

[Numenius  phseopus  (LINNAEUS).     Whimbrel.     [267.] 

Scolopax  phceopus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  146.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  Iceland,  northern 
Scandinavia,  and  Russia  north  to  the  Arctic  Circle;  winters  in  Africa 
and  India;  occasional  in  Greenland;  one  record  for  Nova  Scotia.] 

Numenius  tahitiensis  (GMELIN).     Bristle-thighed  Curlew.    [268.] 

Scolopax  tahitiensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  656.     (Tahiti,  Society 
Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Alaska  and  Pacific  islands.  Breeding  range  unknown; 
has  been  taken  in  summer  in  western  Alaska  from  Kowak  River  to 


126  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Kenai  Peninsula;   also  on  Laysan  and  Phoenix  islands;   winters  on 
islands  of  the  South  Pacific  from  Hawaii  to  New  Caledonia. 


FAMILY  GHARADRIIDJE.     PLOVERS. 

GENUS  VANELLUS  BRISSON. 

Vanellus  BRISSON,  Orn.,  V,   1760,  94.     Type,  by  tautonymy,   Tringa 
vanettus  LINNAEUS. 

VanSllus  vangllus  (LINNAEUS).    Lapwing.    [269.] 

Tringa  vanettus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  148.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  the  Arctic  Circle 
south  to  central  Europe  and  China;  winters  south  to  northern  Africa 
and  India;  casual  in  Greenland,  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia,  Long 
Island,  New  York,  the  Bahamas,  and  Barbados. 

[GENUS  EUDROMIAS  BREHM. 

Eudromias  C.  L.  BREHM,  Isis,  XXIII,  1830,  987.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Charadrius  morinettus  LINNAEUS. 

Eudrdmias  morinellus  (LINNAEUS).     Dotterel.    [269.1.] 

Charadrius   morinettus   LINNAEUS,    Syst.    Nat.,    ed.    10,    I,    1758,    150. 
(Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  the  Alps,  Great  Britain, 
Scandinavia,  and  Siberia;  winters  in  southern  Europe  and  northern 
Africa;  accidental  on  King  Island,  Alaska,  and  in  Japan.] 

GENUS  SQUATAROLA  CUVIER. 

Squatarola  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  467.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Tringa  squatarola  LINN^US. 

Squatarola  squatarola  (LiNN^us).     Black-bellied  Plover.    [270.] 

Tringa  squatarola  LINN^SUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  149.     (Sweden.) 


ORDER   LIMICOI^E.  127 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  Breeds  on  the  Arctic  coast  from 
Point  Barrow  to  Boothia  and  Melville  peninsulas,  and  also  on  the 
Arctic  coast  of  Russia  and  Siberia;  winters  from  the  Mediterranean 
to  South  Africa,  in  India  and  Australia,  and  from  California,  Louisi- 
ana, and  North  Carolina  to  Brazil  and  Peru;  in  migration  occurs 
throughout  the  United  States  and  in  Greenland  and  Bermuda;  acci- 
dental in  Hawaii. 

GENUS  CHARADRIUS  LINN^US. 

Charadrius  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  150.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Charadrius  pluvialis  LINN^JUS  =  Charadrius  apricarius  LINNAEUS 
(Gray,  1840). 

[Char£drius  apricarius  LINNAEUS.    European  Golden  Plover.    [271.] 

Charadrius  apricarius  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  150.  (Oland 
Island,  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Old  World.  Breeds  from  Great 
Britain  and  central  Europe  to  Iceland,  Norway,  and  northwestern 
Siberia;  winters  south  to  northern  Africa  and  southern  Asia;  casual 
in  Greenland.] 

Charadrius  dominicus  (MULLER). 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  Breeds  in  the  Arctic  regions; 
in  winter  south  to  the  southern  part  of  the  Southern  Hemisphere. 

a.    Charadrius  dominicus  dominicus  (MULLER).    Golden  Plover.    [272.] 

Charadrius  dominicus  MULLER,  Natursyst.  Suppl.,  1776,  116.  (Santo 
Domingo,  West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue  Sound  along 
the  Arctic  coast  to  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie,  and  from  Melville  Island,  Welling- 
ton Channel,  and  Melville  Peninsula  south  to  northwestern  Hudson  Bay; 
winters  on  the  pampas  of  Brazil  and  Argentina;  migrates  south  across  the 
Atlantic  from  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick;  a  few  pass  south  through  the 
Mississippi  Valley,  and  all  migrate  north  by  this  route ;  in  migration  to  Cali- 
fornia, Greenland,  and  Bermuda ;  formerly  abundant,  now  becoming  rare. 

6.    Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus  GMELIN.    Pacific  Golden  Plover.    [272a.] 

Charadrius  fulvus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  687.  (Tahiti,  Society 
Islands.) 


128  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia  and  Alaska  to  New  Zealand.  Breeds  in  northern 
Siberia  from  Liakof  Island  to  Bering  Strait,  and  in  Alaska  along  the  coast  of 
Bering  Sea;  winters  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  China,  Oceanica,  New  Zealand, 
and  Australia. 

GENUS  OXYECHUS  REICHENBACH. 

Oxyechus  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  xviii.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Charadrius  vodferus  LINN^US. 

Oxyechus  vociferus  (LINNAEUS).     Killdeer.     [273.] 

Charadrius  vociferus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  150.     (Virginia 
and  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  central  British 
Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  central  Quebec 
south  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  central  Mexico;  winters  from  California, 
Arizona,  Texas,  Indiana,  New  Jersey,  and  Bermuda  south  to  Vene- 
zuela and  Peru;  casual  in  Newfoundland,  Paraguay,  and  Chile;  acci- 
dental in  Great  Britain. 


GENUS  ^EGIALITIS  BOIE. 

BOIE,  Isis,  X,  1822,  558.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Charadrius 
hiaticula  LINN^US  (Gray,  1855). 

^Egialitis  semipalmata  (BONAPARTE).    Semipalmated  Plover.    [274.] 

Charadrius  semipalmatus  BONAPARTE,  Journ.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.   Phila., 
V,  1825,  98.     (Coast  of  New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Melville  Island, 
Wellington  Channel,  and  Cumberland  Sound  to  the  valley  of  the 
Upper  Yukon,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  and  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence;  winters  from  southern  Lower  California,  Louisiana, 
and  South  Carolina  to  Patagonia,  Chile,  and  the  Galapagos;  casual 
in  Siberia,  Greenland,  and  Bermuda. 

-fflgialitis  hiaticula  (LiNN^us).     Ringed  Plover.     [275.] 

Charadrius  hiaticula  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  150.     (Sweden.) 


ORDER  LIMICOI^E.  129 

. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Arctic  America  and  Old  World.  Breeds  from 
central  Europe  and  Turkestan  to  Siberia,  Spitzbergen,  Iceland, 
Greenland,  and  Cumberland  Sound;  winters  on  shores  of  the  Medi- 
terranean and  throughout  Africa;  accidental  in  Barbados,  Chile, 
India,  and  Australia. 

[-fflgialitis  dubia  (SCOPOLI).     Little  Ringed  Plover.    [276.] 

Charadrius  (dubius)  SCOPOLI,  Del.  Florae  et  Faunae  Insubr.,  II,  1786,  93. 
(Luzon  Island,  Philippines.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  southern  Europe, 
central  Asia,  and  Japan  to  northern  Siberia  and  Europe;  winters 
south  to  central  Africa,  India,  and  the  Malay  Archipelago;  accidental 
in  Alaska  and  California.] 

-fflgialitis  meloda  (ORD).     Piping  Plover.    [277.] 

Charadrius  melodus  ORD,   Reprint  of  WILSON'S  Orn.,   VII,    1842,   71. 
(Great  Egg  Harbor,  New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  locally  from  southern 
Saskatchewan,  southern  Ontario,  Magdalen  Islands,  and  Nova  Scotia 
south  to  central  Nebraska,  northwestern  Indiana,  Lake  Erie,  New 
Jersey  (formerly),  and  Virginia;  winters  on  the  coast  of  the  United 
States  from  Texas  to  Georgia,  and  in  northern  Mexico;  casual  in 
migration  to  Newfoundland,  the  Bahamas,  Greater  Antilles,  and 
Bermuda. 

JEgialitis  nivosa  CASSIN.    Snowy  Plover.    [278.] 

sEgialitis  nivosa  CASSIN,  in  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX, 
1858,  696.     (Presidio,  near  San  Francisco,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  to  South  America.  Breeds  from 
central  California,  northern  Utah,  and  southern  Kansas  south  to 
northern  Lower  California  and  southern  Texas ;  winters  from  southern 
California  and  Texas  south  along  both  coasts  of  Central  America, 
and  on  the  west  coast  to  Chile ;  casual  in  Oregon,  Wyoming,  Ontario, 
Louisiana,  Florida,  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Venezuela,  and  Brazil. 

[.fflgialitis  mongola  (PALLAS).     Mongolian  Plover.    [279.] 

Charadrius  mongolus  PALLAS,  Reise  Russ.  Reichs,  III,  1776,  700.     (Kul- 
ussutai,  probably  on  the  Onon  River,  Siberia.) 


130  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia  to  Australia.  Breeds  in  northeastern  Siberia 
and  the  Commander  Islands;  winters  from  the  Philippines  to  Austra- 
lia; accidental  on  Choris  Peninsula,  Alaska.] 


GENUS  OCHTHODROMUS   REICHENBACH. 

Ochthodromus  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  xviii.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Charadrius  wilsonia  ORD. 

Ochth6dronms  wilsdnius  (ORD).     Wilson's  Plover.    [280.] 

Charadrius  wilsonia  ORD,  in  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  IX,  1814,  77,  pi.  73, 
fig.  5.     ("Shore  of  Cape  Island,"  New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Texas  eastward 
along  the  Gulf  coast,  and  from  southeastern  Virginia  (formerly  New 
Jersey)  south  to  the  northern  Bahamas;  winters  from  southern  Lower 
California,  Texas,  and  Florida  south  to  southern  Guatemala  and 
probably  to  the  West  Indies;  casual  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Eng- 
land, and  at  San  Diego,  California. 


GENUS  PODASOCYS  COUES. 

Podasocys  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  96.  Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Charadrius  montanus  TOWNSEND. 

Podasocys  montanus  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Mountain  Plover.    [281.] 

Charadrius  montanus  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII, 
1837,  192.  (Central  tableland  of  Rocky  Mountains,  near  Sweetwater 
River,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  northern  Mon- 
tana and  western  Nebraska  south  to  northern  New  Mexico  and  north- 
western Texas;  winters  from  northern  California  and  southern  Texas 
to  southern  Lower  California  and  central  Mexico;  accidental  in 
Florida. 


ORDER  LIMICOL.E.  131 


FAMILY  APHRIZIDJE.    SURF-BIRDS  AND  TURNSTONES. 


SUBFAMILY  APHRIZIN.S.     SURF-BIRDS. 

I 

GENUS  APHRIZA  AUDUBON. 

Aphriza  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,   V,   1839,  249.     Type,    by  mouotypy, 
Aphriza  townsendi  AUDUBON  =  Tringa  virgata  GMELIN. 

Aphriza  virgata  (GMELIN).     Surf -bird.     [282.] 

Tringa  virgata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  674.     ("Sandwich  Sound" 
=  Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  and  South  America.  Breeding 
range  unknown,  but  probably  in  the  interior  of  northwestern  Alaska; 
winters  in  Chile  to  Straits  of  Magellan;  occurs  in  migration  from 
Kowak  River,  Alaska,  to  southern  South  America. 


SUBFAMILY  ARENARIINJE.     TURNSTONES. 
GENUS  ARE  N ARIA  BRISSON. 

Arenaria  BRISSON,  Orn.,  V,  1760,  132.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Arenaria] 
arenaria  BRISSON  =  Tringa  interpres  LINN^US. 

Arenaria  interpres  (LINNAEUS). 
RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan. 

a.  Arenaria  interpres  interpres  (LINNAEUS).    Turnstone.     [283.] 

Tringa  interpres  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  148.     (Islands  of 
Gothland,  Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Old  World.  Breeds  in  western  Alaska  from  Point  Barrow  to 
the  Yukon  delta,  and  in  western  Greenland,  Scandinavia,  northern  Russia, 
Siberia,  and  Japan;  winters  on  the  coasts  of  Europe  and  Asia  to  south  Africa, 
Australia,  and  Oceanica. 

b.  Arenaria  interpres  morinella  (LINNAEUS).    Ruddy  Turnstone.    [283o.] 

Tringa  morinella  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  249.     (Coast  of 
Florida.) 


I 

132  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  on  Arctic  shores  from 
Mackenzie  River  east,  probably  to  Melville  Peninsula,  and  north  to  Melville 
Island;  winters  from  central  California,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  South  Caro- 
lina to  southern  Brazil  and  central  Chile. 

Arenaria  melanocSphala  (VIGORS).    Black  Turnstone.    [284.] 

Strepsilas  melanocephalus  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,   IV,  Jan.,   1829,    356. 
(Northwest  coast  of  North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  from  Kotzebue 
Sound  south  to  valley  of  Lower  Yukon;  winters  from  British  Columbia 
south  to  Santa  Margarita  Island,  Lower  California;  casual  north  to 
Point  Barrow,  Alaska,  and  to  northeastern  Siberia;  accidental  in  India. 


FAMILY  HJEMATOPODIDJE.     OYSTER-CATCHERS. 

GENUS  HJEMATOPUS  LINN^US. 

Hcematopus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  152.     Type,  by  mon- 
otypy,  Hcematopus  ostralegus  LINNAEUS. 

[HaBmatopus  ostralegus  LINN^US.    European  Oyster-catcher.    [285.] 

Hcematopus  ostralegus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  152.     ("Olan- 
dise  &  Gotlandiae.") 

RANGE. —  Europe,  Africa,  and  India.  Breeds  from  the  Arctic  Circle 
to  the  coasts  of  Europe,  the  Black  Sea,  and  Turkestan;  winters 
southward  to  the  coasts  of  central  Africa  and  India;  occasional  in 
Greenland.] 

Haematopus  palliatus  TEMMINCK.     Oyster-catcher.    [286.] 

Hcematopus  palliatus  TEMMINCK,  Manuel  d'Orn.,  ed.  2,  II,  1820,  532. 
(South  America.) 

RANGE. —  Coasts  of  North  and  South  America  from  Texas,  Louis- 
iana, and  Virginia  (formerly  New  Jersey)  south  on  both  coasts  of 
Mexico  to  the  West  Indies,  southern  Brazil,  and  central  Chile;  cas- 
ual north  to  New  Brunswick.  Breeds  probably  throughout  its 
range. 


ORDER  LIMICOLuE.  133 

Haematopus  frazari  BREWSTER.     Frazar's  Oyster-catcher.     [286.1.] 

H cematopus  frazari  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  84.     (Carmen  Island, 
Gulf  of  California.) 

RANGE. —  Both  coasts  of  Lower  California,  rarely  north  to  Ventura 
County,  California ;  casual  on  the  coast  of  northwestern  Mexico. 

Haematopus  bachmani  AUDUBON.     Black  Oyster-catcher.    [287.] 

Hoematopus  bachmanii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1838,  pi.  427, 
fig.  1.     (Mouth  of  Columbia  River.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America.  Breeds  from  Prince 
William  Sound,  Alaska,  west  throughout  Aleutian  Islands  and  south 
to  central  Lower  California;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia 
to  Lower  California. 


FAMILY  JACANIDJE.     JACANAS. 

GENUS  JACANA  BRISSON. 

Jacana  BRISSON,   Orn.,  V,  1760,  121.     Type,   by  tautonymy,  [Jacana] 
jacana  BRISSON  =  Parra  jacana  LINNAEUS. 

SUBGENUS  ASARCIA  SHARPE. 

Asarcia  SHARPS,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XXIV,   1896,  86.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Parra  variabilis  LINN^SUS  =  Fulica  spinosa  LINNAEUS. 

Jacana  spindsa  (Lixx.Eus).     Mexican  Jacana.    [288.] 

Fulica  spinosa  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  152.     (Cartagena, 
Colombia.) 

RANGE. —  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  southern  Florida,  and   the 
Greater  Antilles  to  Mazatlan,  Mexico,  and  Panama. 


134  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


ORDER   GALLING.     GALLINACEOUS   BIRDS. 

SUBORDER  PHASIANI.    PHEASANTS,  GROUSE, 
PARTRIDGES,  QUAILS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  ODONTOPHORIDJE.     BOB-WHITES,  QUAILS,  ETC. 

GENUS  COLINUS  GOLDFUSS. 

Colinus  GOLDFUSS,  Handbuch  ZooL,  II,  1820,  220.  Type,  by  monotypy, 
"  Perdix  mexicanus,  Caille  de  la  Louisiana,  PL  Enl.  149"  =  Tetrao 
virginianus  LINNAEUS. 

Colinus  virginianus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  from  South  Dakota  and  southern 
Maine  to  Florida,  the  Gulf  coast,  Texas,  and  eastern  Mexico. 

a.    Colinus  virginianus  virginianus  (LINN^US).    Bob-white.    [289.] 

Tetrao  virginianus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  161.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  and  southern  half  of  Transition  zones  of  eastern 
North  America  from  South  Dakota,  southern  Minnesota,  southern  Ontario, 
and  southwestern  Maine  south  to  eastern  and  northern  Texas,  the  Gulf  coast, 
and  northern  Florida  west  to  eastern  Colorado;  introduced  in  central  Colorado, 
New  Mexico,  Utah,  Idaho,  California,  Oregon,  and  Washington. 

6.    Colinus  virginianus  floridanus  (CouEs).    Florida  Bob-white.     [289a.] 

Ortyx  virginianus  var.  floridanus  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  1872,  237. 
(Enterprise,  Volusia  Co.,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida,  except  extreme  northern  part. 

c.    Colinus  virginianus  texanus  (LAWRENCE).    Texas  Bob-white.    [289&.] 

Ortyx  texanus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VI,  1853,  1.  (Near 
Ringgold  Barracks,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  corner  of  New  Mexico  to  southern  Texas,  and 
south  through  northeastern  Coahuila  and  Nuevo  Leon  to  central  Tamaulipas. 


ORDER   GALLING.  135 

Colinus  ridgwayi  BREWSTER.     Masked  Bob-white.     [291.] 

Colinus  ridgwayi  BREWSTER,  Auk,  II,  April,  1885,  199.     (18  miles  south- 
west of  Sasabe,  which  is  50  miles  west  of  Nogales,  Sonora,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Middle  part  of  southern  border  of  Arizona  south   to 
central  northern  Sonora. 


GENUS  OREORTYX  BAIRD. 

Oreortyx  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  642.  Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Ortyx  picta  DOUGLAS. 

Oreortyx  picta  (DOUGLAS). 

RANGE. —  Western  Oregon,  California,  and  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia. 

a.  Oreortyx  picta  picta  (DOUGLAS).    Mountain  Quail.    [292.] 

Ortyx  picta  DOUGLAS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XVI,  Pt.  I,  1829,  143. 
(Interior  of  California.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  Zone  strip  of  the  Pacific  coast  from  southwest- 
ern Washington  south  to  Monterey  County,  California;  introduced  on  Van- 
couver Island. 

b.  Oreortyx  picta  plumifera  (GOULD).    Plumed  Quail.     [292a.] 

Ortyx  plumifera  GOULD,  Icones  Avium,  Pt.  I,  Aug.,  1837,  pi.  9.  (Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  Semi-arid  Transition  Zone  from  west  side  of  Cascade  Range  in 
northwestern  Oregon  south  through  the  Sierra  and  eastern  Coast  Ranges  of 
California  to  Inyo  and  Ventura  counties,  and  east  to  extreme  western  Nevada. 

c.  Oreortyx  picta  confinis  ANTHONY.    San  Pedro  Quail.    [2926.] 

Oreortyx  pictus  confinis  ANTHONY,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  2d  ser.,  II,  Oct. 
11,  1889,  74.  (San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  at  8500  feet,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  San  Bernardino  and  San  Gabriel  Mountains,  southern  California, 
south  to  Hansen  Laguna  and  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California. 


GENUS  CALLIPEPLA  WAGLER. 

Callipepla  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXV,  1832,  277.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Catti- 
pepla  strenua  WAGLER  =  Ortyx  squamatus  VIGORS. 


136  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


Callipepla  squamata  (VIGORS). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  south  to  the  Valley 
of  Mexico. 

a.  Callipepla  squamata  squamata  (VIGORS).    Scaled  Quail.    [293.] 

Ortyx  squamatus  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  V,  1830,  275.     (Dry  interior  of 
Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  from  central  Arizona  to  western 
Texas,  north  to  southern  Colorado  and  over  most  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
east  nearly  to  central  Texas,  and  south  to  the  Valley  of  Mexico. 

b.  Callipepla  squamata  castanog&stris  BREWSTER.     Chestnut-bellied  Scaled 

Quail.     [293a.] 

Callipepla  squamata  castanogastris  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club, 
VIII,  Jan.,  1883,  34.     (Rio  Grande  City,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  of  southern  Texas,  from  Eagle  Pass  and  San 
Antonio  south  to  northern  parts  of  Coahuila,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  Tamaulipas. 


GENUS  LOPHORTTZ  BONAPARTE. 

Lophortyx  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  42.    Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Tetrao  calif ornicus  SHAW  (Gray,  1840). 

Lophdrtyx  calif6rnica  (SHAW). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region  from  Oregon  south  to  southern 
Lower  California. 

a.  Lophortyx  calif ornica  calif ornica  (SHAW).     California  Quail.     [294.] 

Tetrao  California^   SHAW,  Nat.  Misc.,  IX,  1798,  pi.  345.     (California 
[San  Francisco  or  Monterey?].) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  of  Pacific  coast 
region  from  southwestern  Oregon  south  to  Monterey  County,  California; 
introduced  into  Vancouver  Island,  Washington,  and  Colorado. 

b.  Lophortyx  califomica  valllcola  (RIDGWAT).    Valley  Quail.    [294a.] 

Callipepla  californica  vatticola  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,   VIII, 
1885,  355.     (Baird,  Shasta  Co.,  California.) 


ORDER   CALLING.  137 

RANGE. —  Subarid  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  from  the  Klamath 
Lake  region,  Oregon,  south  throughout  California  (except  humid  coast  strip 
and  eastern  desert  region)  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California,  and  east  to 
mountains  of  western  Nevada 

Lophortyx  gambeli  GAMBEL.     Gambel's  Quail.    [295.] 

Lophortyx  gambelii  "NUTTALL"  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1843,  260.  ("  Some  distance  west  [=  east]  of  California  "  [=  southern 
Nevada].) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  desert  region  of  southern  California, 
southern  Nevada,  Arizona,  and  southwestern  Utah,  east  to  the  south- 
western corner  of  Colorado,  and  also  in  southwestern  New  Mexico 
to  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  and  the  El  Paso  region  of  extreme  western 
Texas,  and  south  into  northeastern  corner  of  Lower  California  and  to 
Guaymas,  Sonora. 

GENUS  CYRTONYX  GOULD. 

Cyrtonyx  GOULD,  Monogr.  Odontoph.,  Pt.  I,  1844,  pi.  vii.  Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Ortyx  massena  LESSON  =  0.  montezumce  VIGORS  (Gray, 
1855). 

^ 
Cyrtonyx  montezumee  (VIGORS). 

RANGE. —  Central  Texas,  central  New  Mexico,  and  central  Arizona 
south  to  northern  Mexico. 

a.     [Cyrtonyx  montezumse  montezumee.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Cyrtonyx  montezumse  mearnsi  NELSON.    Mearn's  Quail.    [296.] 

Cyrtonyx  mordezumce  mearnsi  NELSON,  Auk,  XVII,  July,  1900,  255. 
(Fort  Huachuca,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Arid  Upper  Sonoran  and  Transition  zones  from  central  Arizona 
and  central  New  Mexico  east  to  central  Texas,  and  south  to  the  mountains 
of  northern  Coahuila,  Chihuahua,  and  eastern  Sonora. 


FAMILY  TETRAONIDJE.    GROUSE,  SPRUCE  PARTRIDGES, 
PTARMIGANS,  ETC. 

GENUS  DENDRAGAPUS  ELLIOT. 

Dendragapus  ELLIOT,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1864,  23.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Tetrao  obscurus  SAY  (Baird,  Brewer  and  Ridgway,  1874). 


138  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Dendragapus  obscurus  (SAY). 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  and  Pacific  coast  regions  from  the  upper 
Yukon  and  upper  Mackenzie  rivers  south  to  the  mountains  of  Cali- 
fornia and  central  Arizona. 

a.    Dendragapus  obscurus  obscurus  (SAY).    Dusky  Grouse.     [297.] 

Tetrao  obscurus  SAY,  in  LONG'S  Exped.,  II,  1823, 14  (note) .  (Near  "  Defile 
Creek,"  about  20  miles  north  of  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountains  from  northern  Utah  and  northern  Colorado  to 
central  western  New  Mexico  and  central  Arizona,  and  west  to  East  Humboldt 
Mountains,  Nevada. 

6.    Dendragapus  obscurus  fuliginosus  (RIDGWAY).    Sooty  Grouse.    [297a.] 

Canace  obscura  var.  fuliginosa  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec., 
1873,  199.  (Cascade  Mountains,  at  foot  of  Mt.  Hood,  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  mountains  from  Alaska  and  southern  Yukon 
to  Oregon. 

c.  Dendragapus   obscurus   richardsoni    (DOUGLAS).     Richardson's    Grouse. 

[2976.] 

Tetrao  richardsonii  DOUGLAS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XVI,  Pt.  I,  1829, 
141.  (Rocky  Mountains,  Lat.  52°  N.,  Long.  115°  W.;  more  numerous 
in  Columbia  River  region,  Lat.  48°  N.,  Long.  118°  W.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountains  from  southwestern  Mackenzie  to  eastern 
Oregon,  Montana,  and  Wyoming. 

d.  Dendragapus  obscurus  sie"rr»  CHAPMAN.    Sierra  Grouse.     [297c.] 

Dendragapus  obscurus  sierrce  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  XX,  April 
25,  1904,  159.  (Echo,  El  Dorado  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Fort  Klamath,  Oregon,  south  through  the  mountains  of  California 
to  Mount  Pinos  (near  Tejon). 

GENUS  GANAGHITES  STEJNEGER. 

Canachites  STEJNEGER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII,  1885,  410.  Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Tetrao  canadensis  LINN^US. 

Canachites  canadensis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Wooded  regions  of  Canada  and  Alaska  south  to  northern 
border  of  the  United  States. 


ORDER   GALLINvE.  139 

a.     Canachites     canadensis     canadensis     (LINN.KUS).      Hudsonian    Spruce 
Partridge.    [298.] 

Tetrao  canadensis  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  159.  (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  forest  region  from  the  eastern  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains west  of  Edmonton,  Alberta,  east  to  Labrador  Peninsula ;  also  a  dis- 
connected area  in  Alaska  from  Bristol  Bay  to  Cook  Inlet  and  Prince  William 
Sound. 

6.    Canachites  canadensis  dsgoodi  BISHOP.    Alaska  Spruce  Partridge.     [2986.] 

Canachites  canadensis  osgoodi  BISHOP,  Auk,  XVII,  April,  1900,  114. 
(Lake  Marsh,  Yukon,  Northwest  Territory.) 

RANGE. —  Mt.  McKinley  range  and  the  Yukon  region  east  to  Great  Slave 
and  Athabaska  lakes. 

c.    Canachites  canadensis  canace  (LINNAEUS).  Canada  Spruce  Partridge.  [298c.] 
Tetrao  canace  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  275.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Manitoba,  southern  Ontario,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to 
northern  parts  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  New  York,  and  New  Eng- 
land. 

Canachites  franklini  (DOUGLAS).     Franklin's  Grouse.    [299.] 

Tetrao  franklinii  DOUGLAS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XVI,  Pt.  I,  1829, 
139.  (Rocky  Mountains,  Lat.  50°-54°  N.,  near  sources  of  Columbia 
River;  also  bases  of  Mt.  Hood,  Mt.  St.  Helens,  and  Mt.  Baker.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Alaska,  central  British  Columbia,  and  western 
central  Alberta  south  to  northern  Oregon,  central  Idaho,  and  western 
Montana. 


GENUS  BONASA  STEPHENS. 

Bonasa  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XI,   1819,  298.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Tetrao  umbellus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 


Bonasa  umbellus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Wooded  regions  of  Canada  and  Alaska  south  to  Cali- 
fornia, Colorado,  Kansas,  Tennessee,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  to  Georgia. 


140  CHECK-LIST  OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

a.    Bonasa  umbellus  umbellus  (LINNAEUS).    Ruffed  Grouse.     [300.] 

Tetrao  umbellus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  275.  (Pennsyl- 
vania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  from  Minnesota,  Michigan,  southern  New 
York,  and  southern  Vermont  south  to  eastern  Kansas,  northern  Arkansas, 
Tennessee,  and  Virginia,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  to  northern  Georgia. 

6.    Bonasa  umbellus  tog&ta  (LINNAEUS).    Canada  Ruffed  Grouse.     [SOOa.j 
Tetrao  togatus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  275.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to 
Manitoba,  northern  Michigan,  northern  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and 
Maine,  and  in  the  mountains  of  New  York,  western  Massachusetts,  and 
northern  Connecticut;  birds  indistinguishable  from  the  eastern  form  occur 
from  east  central  British  Columbia  south  to  eastern  Oregon  and  central  Idaho. 

c.  Bonasa  umbellus  umbelloides  (DOUGLAS).    Gray  Ruffed  Grouse.     [3006.] 

Tetrao  umbelloides  DOUGLAS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XVI,  Pt.  I,  1829, 
148.  (Valleys  of  Rocky  Mountains,  Lat.  54°  N.,  near  sources  of 
Peace  River.) 

RANGE. —  Norton  Sound,  Alaska,  east  to  central  Yukon  and  west  central 
Mackenzie,  and  south  to  northern  Utah,  northern  Colorado,  and  western 
South  Dakota. 

d.  Bonasa  umbellus  sa"bini  (DOUGLAS).    Oregon  Ruffed  Grouse.     [300c.] 

Tetrao  sabini  DOUGLAS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XVI,  Pt.  I,  1829,  137. 
(Coast  of  North-west  America,  between  Lat.  40°  and  49°  N.,  from 
Cape  Mendocino  to  Vancouver  Island.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  ranges  from  southern  Alaska  to  Humboldt  County,  Cali- 
fornia. 


GENUS  LAGOPUS  BRISSON. 

Lagopus  BRISSON,  Orn.,  I,  1760,  181.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Lagopus] 
lagopus  BRISSON  =  Tetrao  lagopus  LINN.EUS. 


Lag6ptis  lagdpus 

RANGE.  —  Northern  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.    Lagopus  lagopus  lagopus   (LINNJBTJS).    Willow  Ptarmigan.     [301.] 
Tetrao  lagopus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  159.     (Lapland.) 


ORDER   GALLING.  141 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  In  America  breeds  from  northern  Alaska, 
northern  Banks  Land,  and  central  Greenland  south  to  eastern  Aleutian  Islands, 
central  Mackenzie  (in  the  mountains  to  west  central  Alberta),  central  Kee- 
watin,  James  Bay,  and  southern  Ungava;  south  in  winter  to  northern  British 
Columbia,  Saskatchewan  Valley,  Minnesota,  Ontario,  and  Quebec;  accidental 
in  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  New  York,  Maine,  and  Massachusetts. 

b.  Lagopus  lagopus  alleni  STEJNEGER.    Allen's  Ptarmigan.    [301a.] 

Lagopus  alba  alleni  STEJNEGEB,  Auk,  I,  Oct.,  1884,  369.  (Newfound- 
land.) 

RANGE. —  Newfoundland. 

c.  Lagopus  lagopus  alexandrae  GRINNELL.    Alexander's  Ptarmigan.     [3016.] 

Lagopus  alexandra  GRINNELL,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  No.  2,  Feb. 
18,  1909,  204.  (Mountain  at  Bear  Bay,  on  Peril  Strait,  Baranof 
Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Baranof  and  adjacent  islands  west  to  Shumagin  Islands. 

Lagopus  rupestris  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America  and  Greenland. 

a.  Lagopus  rupestris  rupestris  (GMELIN).    Rock  Ptarmigan.    [302.] 

Tetrao  rupestris  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  751.     (Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  America.  Breeds  from  Melville  Island  to  Melville  Penin- 
sula and  south  on  the  Barren  Grounds  from  Alaska  to  Ungava ;  also  on  alpine 
summits  south  to  central  Yukon;  south  in  winter  to  southern  Mackenzie  and 
southern  Ungava. 

b.  Lagopus  rupestris  reinhardi  (BREHM).    Reinhardt's  Ptarmigan.     [302a.] 

Tetrao  reinhardi  BREHM,  Lehrbuch  Eur.  Vogel,  II,  1824,  986.  (Green- 
land.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  extremity  of  Ungava,  western  Cumberland  Sound,  and 
Greenland. 

c.  Lagopus  rupestris  nelsoni  STEJNEGER.    Nelson's  Ptarmigan.     [302&.] 

Lagopus  rupestris  nelsoni  STEJNEGER,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  226.  (Un- 
alaska,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Unalaska,  Akutan,  and  Unimak  islands,  Aleutian  Islands. 

d.  Lagopus  rupestris  atkhe*nsis  TURNER.    Turner's  Ptarmigan.     [302c.] 

Lagopus  mutus  atkhensis  TURNER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  Aug.  5,  1882, 
227,  230.  (Atka  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Atka,  one  of  Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska. 


142  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

e.    Lagopus  rupestris  townsendi  ELLIOT.    Townsend's  Ptarmigan.     [302d.] 

Lagopus  rupestris  townsendi  ELLIOT,  Auk,  XIII,  Jan.,  1896,  26.     (Kiska 
Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Kiska,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska. 

/.     Lagopus  rupestris  chamberlain!  CLARK.     Adak  Ptarmigan.     [3026.] 

Lagopus  rupestris  chamberlaini  CLARK,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXXII, 
No.  1539,  June  15,  1907,  469.     (Adak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Adak,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska. 

g.    Lagopus  rupestris  dixoni  GRIN  NELL.    Dixon's  Ptarmigan.     [302/.] 

Lagopus  dixoni  GRINNELL,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  No.  2,  Feb.  18,  1909, 
207.     (Near  Port  Frederick,  at  2700  feet,  Chichagof  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Islands  near  Sitka,  Alaska. 

Lagopus  Svermanni  ELLIOT.     Evermann's  Ptarmigan.     [302.1.] 

Lagopus  evermanni  ELLIOT,  Auk,  XIII,  Jan.,  1896,  25,  pi.  iii.     (Attu 
Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Attu,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska. 

Lagopus  welchi  BREWSTER.    Welch's  Ptarmigan.     [303.] 

Lagopus  welchi  BREWSTER,  Auk,  II,  April,  1885,  194.     (Newfoundland.) 

RANGE. —  Newfoundland. 


Lagopus  leucurus  (SWAINSON). 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  Alaska  and  British  Columbia,  south  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  New  Mexico. 

a.    Lagopus  leucurus  leucurus  (SWAINSON).    White-tailed  Ptarmigan.     [304.] 

Tetrao  (Lagopus)  leucurus  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832), 
356,  pi.  63.     (Rocky  Mountains,  Lat.  54°  N.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountains  from  northern  British  Columbia  and  central 
Alberta  south  to  Vancouver  Island,  Washington,  northwestern  Montana,  Colo- 
rado, and  northern  New  Mexico. 


ORDER   GALLING.  143 

6.    Lagopus  leucurus  peninsularis  CHAPMAN.    Kenai  White-tailed  Ptarmigan. 
[9040.] 

Lagopus  leucurus  peninsularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  XVI, 
1902,  236.     (Kenai  Mountains,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Alpine  summits  from  central  Alaska,  northern  Yukon,  and 
northwestern  Mackenzie  south  to  Cook  Inlet  region,  Kenai  Peninsula,  and 
southern  Yukon. 


GENUS  TYMPANUCHUS  GLOGER. 

Tympanuchus   GLOGER,    Hand-  und  Hilfsbuch,    1842,  396.     Type,    by 
monotypy,  Tetrao  cupido  LINNAEUS. 

Tympanuchus  americanus  (REICHENBACH). 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America  from  southern  central  Canada 
south  to  northern  Texas  and  east  (formerly)  to  Ohio. 

a.  Tympanuchus  americanus  americanus  (REICHENBACH).    Prairie  Chicken. 

[305.] 

Cupidonia  americana  REICHENBACH,  Syst.  Avium,  1852,  xxix.     (Amer- 
ica.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  Saskatchewan  and  southern  Manitoba  to  eastern 
Colorado,  northeastern  Texas,  Arkansas,  western  Kentucky,  and  Indiana; 
probably  extinct  east  of  Indiana  but  formerly  reached  southwestern  Ontario, 
Michigan,  and  northwestern  Ohio. 

b.  Tympanuchus  americanus  attwateri  BENDIRE.    Attwater's  Prairie  Chicken. 

[305a.] 

Tympanuchus  attwateri  BENDIRE,  Forest  and  Stream,  XL,  No.  20,  May 
18,  1893,  425.     (Refugio  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  of  Texas  and  southwestern  Louisiana. 

Tympanuchus  cupido  (LINNAEUS).     Heath  Hen.     [306.] 

Tetrao  cupido  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  160.     ("Virginia" 
[probably  Pennsylvania  or  New  York].) 

RANGE. —  Island  of  Marthas  Vineyard,  Mass.     Formerly  southern 
New  England  and  parts  of  the  Middle  States. 


144  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Tympanuchus   pallidicinctus   (RIDGWAY).     Lesser    Prairie    Chicken. 
[307.] 

Cupidonia  cupido  var.  pallididncta  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec., 
1873,  199.     (Prairies  of  Texas,  near  Lat.  32°  N.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains,  from  Kansas  south  to  west  central  Texas. 


GENUS  PEDICECETES  BAIRD. 

Pedicecetes  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  xxi,  xliv, 
619,  625.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Tetrao  phasianellus  LINNAEUS. 


Pedicecetes  phasianellus 

RANGE. —  Central  and  western  North  America  from  central  Alaska 
and  Ungava  to  northeastern  California  and  Illinois. 

a.    Pedioecetes  phasianellus  phasianellus  (LINNAEUS).    Sharp-tailed  Grouse. 
[308.] 

Tetrao  phasianellus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  160.     (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Alaska  and  northwestern  British  Columbia  east  through 
central  Keewatin  to  central  western  Ungava,  and  south  to  Lake  Superior  and 
the  Parry  Sound  district,  Ontario;  casual  east  to  Saguenay  River,  Quebec. 

6.     Pedioecetes  phasianellus   columbianus    (€>RD).     Columbian   Sharp-tailed 
Grouse.     [308a.] 

Phasianus  columbianus  ORD,  in  GUTHRIE'S  Geog.,  2d  Am.  ed.,  1815,  317. 
(Great  plains  of  the  Columbia  River.) 

RANGE. —  Central  British  Columbia  and  central  Alberta  south  to  north- 
eastern California,  Utah,  and  central  Colorado. 

c.    Pedicecetes  phasianellus  campestris  RIDGWAY.    Prairie  Sharp-tailed  Grouse. 

[3086.] 

Pedicecetes  phasianellus  campestris  RIDGWAY,   Proc.    Biol.   Soc.   Wash., 
II,  April  10,  1884,  93.     (Illinois.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Alberta  and  southern  Manitoba  to  Wyoming,  Kansas, 
and  northern  Illinois. 


ORDER   GALLING.  145 


GENUS  CENTROCERCUS  SWAINSON. 

Centrocercus  SWAINSON,   Fauna  Bor.-Am.,    II,   1831    (1832),   358,   496. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Tetrao  urophasianus  BONAPARTE. 

Centrocercus  urophasianus  (BONAPARTE).    Sage  Hen.    [309.] 

Tetrao  urophasianus  BONAPARTE,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1827,  213.     ("North- 
western countries  beyond  the  Mississippi,  especially  on  the  Missouri.") 

RANGE. —  Sagebrush  plains  of  Transition  Zone  from  middle  south- 
ern British  Columbia,  southern  Saskatchewan,  and  northwestern 
North  Dakota  south  to  middle  eastern  California,  northwestern  New 
Mexico,  and  northwestern  Nebraska. 


FAMILY  MELEAGRIDJE.    TURKEYS. 

GENUS  MELEAGRIS  LINNAEUS. 

Meleagris  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  156.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Meleagris  gallopavo  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Meleagris  gallopavo  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  and  south  central  United  States,  west  to  Arizona 
and  south  to  the  mountains  of  Oaxaca. 

a.    [Meleagris  gallopavo  gallopavo.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Meleagris  gallopavo  silve"stris  VIEILLOT.    Wild  Turkey.    [310o.] 

Meleagris  silvestris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  IX,  1817,  447. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  from  Nebraska,  Kansas,  western  Okla- 
homa, and  eastern  Texas  east  to  central  Pennsylvania,  and  south  to  the  Gulf 
coast;  formerly  north  to  South  Dakota,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern 

Maine. 

c.    Meleagris  gallopavo  merriami  NELSON.    Merriam's  Turkey.    [310.] 

Meleagris  gallopavo  merriami  NELSON,  Auk,  XVII,  April,  1900,    120. 
(47  miles  southwest  of  Winslow,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  in  the  mountains  of  south- 
ern Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  western  Texas,  northern  Sonora,  and 
Chihuahua. 


146  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

<l.    Meleagris  gallopavo  osce"ola  SCOTT.    Florida  Turkey.    [3106.] 

Meleagris  gallopavo  osceola  SCOTT,  Auk,  VII,  Oct.,  1890,  376.     (Tarpon 
Springs,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Florida. 

(.    Meleagris  gallopavo  intermedia  SENNETT.    Rio  Grande  Turkey.     [310c.] 

Meleagris  gallopavo  intermedia  SENNETT,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv. 
Terr.,  V,  No.  3,  Nov.,  1879,  428.     (Lomita,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Middle  northern  Texas  south  to  northeastern  Coahuila,  Nuevo 
Leon,  and  Tamaulipas. 


SUBORDER  PENELOPES.    CURASSOWS  AND  GUANS. 

FAMILY  CRACIDJE.    CURASSOWS  AND  GUANS. 
SUBFAMILY  PENELOPINJE.     GUANS. 

GENUS  ORTALIS  MERREM. 

Ortalis  MERREM,  Avium  Rar.  Icones  et  Descr.,  II,  1786,  40      Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Phasianus  motmot  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Ortalis  vStula  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  Southern   Texas    south    through   Mexico   and    Central 
America  to  northern  South  America. 

a.  [Ortalis  vetula  vetula.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Ortalis  vetula  mccalli  BAIRD.    Chachalaca.    [311.] 

Ortalida  mccalli  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  611. 
(Boquillas,  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  south  in  Mexico  to  the  northern 
border  of  Vera  Cruz. 


ORDER  COLUMB^.  147 


ORDER  COLUMBJE.     PIGEONS  AND  DOVES. 

FAMILY  GOLUMBIDJE.     PIGEONS  AND  DOVES. 

GENUS  COLUMBA  LINNAEUS. 

Cclumba  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 162.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Columba  palumbus  LINN.«US  (Gray,  1840). 

Columba  fasciata  SAY. 

RANGE.  —  Western  North  America  from  southwestern  British 
Columbia  south  to  Central  America. 

a.    Columba  fasciata  fasciata  SAY.    Band-tailed  Pigeon.    [312.] 

Columba  fasciata  SAY,  in  LONG'S  Exped.,  II,  1823,  10  (note).     (Plum 
Creek,  near  Castle  Rock,  Douglas  Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  Zone  from  southwestern  British  Columbia,  western 
Washington,  western  Oregon,  northern  Utah,  and  north  central  Colorado 
south  through  southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico  to  Nicaragua,  and  east 
to  western  Texas;  winters  from  southwestern  United  States  southward. 

6.    Columba  fasciata  vioscae  BREWSTER.    Viosca's  Pigeon.     [312a.] 

Columba  fasciata  vioscce  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  86.     (La  Laguna, 
Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California. 

Columba  fiavirostris  WAGLER.     Red-billed  Pigeon.     [313.] 

Columba  flavirostris  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXIV,  1831,  519.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  south  through  Mexico  (both 
coasts)  and  Central  America  to  Costa  Rica. 

Columba  leucocephala  LINN^US.     White-crowned  Pigeon.    [314.] 

Columba  leucocephala  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 164.     (Bahama 
Islands.) 


148  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Southern  Keys  of  Florida,  the  Bahamas,  Greater  Antilles, 
some  of  the  Lesser  Antilles,  Yucatan,  and  coast  of  Honduras. 

[Columba  squamosa  BONNATERRE.    Scaled  Pigeon.    [314.1.] 

Columba  squamosa  BONNATERRE,  Tableaux  Encycl.  Me"th.,  I,  1792,  234. 
(Guadeloupe  Island,  West  Indies.) 

RANGE. —  West  Indies;  accidental  at  Key  West,  Florida.] 


GENUS  ECTOPISTES  SWAINSON. 

Ectopistes  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1827,  362.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Columba  migratoria  LINN.EUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Ectopistes  migratorius  (LiNN^us).     Passenger  Pigeon.    [315.] 

Columba  migratoria  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.   12,  I,   1766,  285  ((?). 
(Eastern  North  America,  Canada  (summer),  and  Carolina  (winter).) 

RANGE. —  Bred  formerly  from  middle  western  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  Kansas,  Miss- 
issippi, Pennsylvania,  and  New  York;  wintered  principally  from 
Arkansas  and  North  Carolina  south  to  central  Texas,  Louisiana,  and 
Florida;  casual  in  Cuba,  eastern  Mexico,  and  Nevada;  now  probably 
extinct. 


GENUS  ZENAIDURA  BONAPARTE. 

Zenaidura  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  II,  1854,  84.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Columba  carolinensis  LINN^US. 

Zenaidura  macroura  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  from  southern  Canada  south  to  Panama 
and  the  West  Indies. 

a.    [Zenaidura  macroura  macroura.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Zenaidura  macroura  carolinensis  (LINN^US).    Mourning  Dove.    [316.] 

Columba  carolinensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  286.     (Caro- 
lina.) 


ORDER  COLUMB^E.  149 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Sonoran  and  Lower  Transition 
zones  from  British  Columbia,  Saskatchewan,  Manitoba,  Ontario,  and  southern 
Nova  Scotia  south  throughout  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  locally  in 
Lower  California  and  Guatemala;  winters  from  southern  Oregon,  southern 
Colorado,  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  North  Carolina  to  Panama ;  casual  in  winter 
in  the  Middle  States. 

GENUS  ZENAIDA  BONAPARTE. 

Zenaida  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  41.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Zenaida  amabilis  BONAPARTE  =  Columba  zenaida  BONAPARTE. 

Zenaida  zenaida  (BONAPARTE).     Zenaida  Dove.    [317.] 

Columba  zenaida  BONAPARTE,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1825,  30. 
(Florida  Keys.) 

RANGE. —  Florida  Keys,  the  Bahamas,  Greater  and  Lesser  Antilles, 
and  the  coast  of  Yucatan. 


GENUS  LEPTOTILA  SWAINSON. 

Leptotila  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  II,  1837,  349.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
P[eristera]  ruf axilla  SELBY  (=  Columba  ruf axilla  RICHARD  &  BERNARD). 

Leptotila  fulviventris  LAWRENCE. 

RANGE. —  Central  America  and  Mexico  north  to  Lower  Rio  Grande 
Valley,  Texas. 

o.    [Leptotila  fulviventris  fulviventris.    Extralimital.] 

b.    Leptotila  fulviventris  brachypt era  SAL VADORI.   White-fronted  Dove.   [318.] 

Leptoptila  brachyptera  SALVADORI,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XXI,  1893,  545. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  in  Texas,  south  through  Mexico  (both 
coasts)  to  Guatemala. 


GENUS  MELOPELIA  BONAPARTE. 

Melopelia  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  II,   1854,  81.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Columba  meloda  TSCHUDI  (Gray,  1855). 


150  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Melopelia  asiatica  (LINNAEUS).     White-winged  Dove.    [319.] 

Columba  asiatica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  163.     ("East 
Indies,"  =  Jamaica?) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California,  southern  Arizona,  southwestern  New 
Mexico,  southern  Texas,  and  southern  Florida  south  to  Cuba,  Jamaica, 
and  Costa  Rica;  casual  in  southeastern  California,  Colorado,  and  the 
Bahamas;  accidental  in  Washington. 


GENUS  CH2EMEPELIA  SWAINSON. 

Chamepelia   SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,    1827,  361.     Type,    by  subs, 
desig.,  Columba  passerina  LINN.EUS  (Gray,  1841). 

Chsemepelia  passerina  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Southern  United  States  south  to  the  West  Indies,  Central 
America,  and  in  South  America  to  Peru  and  southern  Brazil. 

a.  [Chsemepelia  passerina  passerina.    ExtralimitaL] 

b.  Chsemepelia  passerina  terrestris  (CHAPMAN).    Ground  Dove.    [320.] 

Columbigallina  passerina  terrestris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  IV, 
1892,  293.     (Eastern  North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Austral  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from  east- 
ern Texas  to  North  Carolina;  accidental  further  north  (New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  Jersey,  Maryland,  and  Virginia). 

c.  Chsemepelia  passerina  pallescens  BAIRD.    Mexican  Ground  Dove.     [320a.] 

Chamcepelia  passerinat  var.   pallescens  BAIRD,   Proc.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci. 
Phila.,  1859,  305.     (Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  and  Tropical  zones  from  Lower  California, 
southern  Arizona,  and  middle  southern  Texas  south  to  Costa  Rica;  casual 
in  southern  California. 

d.  Chsemepelia  passerina  bermudidna  (BANGS  &BRADLEE).    Bermuda  Ground 

Dove.     [3206.] 

Columbigallina  bermudiana  BANGS  &  BRADLEE,  Auk,  XVIII,  July,  1901, 
250.     (Hamilton,  Bermuda.) 

RANGE. —  Bermuda. 


ORDER  COLUMB.E.  151 


GENUS  SCARDAFELLA  BONAPARTE. 

ScardafeUa  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  II,  1854,  85.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Columba  squamosa  TEMMINCK  =  ScardafeUa  ridgwayi  RICH- 
MOND (Gray,  1855). 

ScardafeUa  inca  (LESSON).    Inca  Dove.    [321.] 

Chamcepelia  inca  LESSON,  Compl.  (Euvres  Buffon,  XX,  1847,  211.  (Mex- 
ico [probably  west  coast].) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  and  Tropical  zones  from  northeastern 
Lower  California,  Arizona,  and  southern  Texas  south  to  Guatemala. 


GENUS  GEOTRYGON  GOSSE. 

Geotrygon  GOSSE,  Birds  Jamaica,  1847,  316  (note).     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Geotrygon  sylvatica  GOSSE  =  Colwnbigallina  versicolor  LAFRESNAYE. 

Geotrygon  chrysia  SALVADORI.     Key  West  Quail-Dove.    [322.] 

Geotrygon  chrysia  SALVADORI,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XXI,   1893,   571. 
(Cuba,  Haiti,  Bahamas,  and  Florida  Keys.) 

RANGE. —  Key  West  and  some  other  Florida  keys,  the  Bahamas, 
Cuba,  and  Haiti. 

[Geotrygon  montana  (LINNAEUS).     Ruddy  Quail-Dove.     [322.1.] 

Columba  montana  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  163.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  America,  including  West  Indies,  north  to  Cuba, 
and  in  Mexico  to  Vera  Cruz  and  Guerrero;  accidental  at  Key  West, 
Florida.] 

GENUS  STARNCENAS  BONAPARTE. 

Starncenas  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  41.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy, Columba  cyanocephala  LINNAEUS. 


Starn03nas  cyanocephala  (LINNAEUS).    Blue-headed  Quail- Dove.     [323.] 

Columba    cyanocephala    LINN^JUS, 
("Jamaica"  =  Cuba?) 

RANGE. —  Florida  Keys  and  Cuba. 


Columba    cyanocephala    LINNAEUS,    Syst.    Nat.,    ed.    10,   I,   1758,   163. 
("Jamaica"  =  Cuba?) 


152  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


ORDER  RAPTORES.     BIRDS  OF  PREY. 


SUBORDER  SARCORHAMPHI.    AMERICAN 
VULTURES. 

FAMILY  GATHARTIDJE.    AMERICAN  VULTURES. 

GENUS  GYMNOGYPS  LESSON. 

Gymnogyps  LESSON,  6cho  du  Monde  Savant,  se"r.  2,  VI,  Dec.  8,  1842, 
1037.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Vultur  californianus  SHAW. 

GJmnogyps  californianus  (SHAW).     California  Vulture.     [324.] 

Vultur  californianus  SHAW,  Nat.  Misc.,  IX,  1797,  pi.  301.     ("Coast  of 
California"  [San  Francisco  or  Monterey?].) 

RANGE. —  Coast  ranges  of  California  from  Santa  Clara  County  south 
to  northern  Lower  California;  casual  north  to  southern  Oregon  and 
east  to  Arizona;  formerly  north  to  Columbia  River. 


GENUS  GATHARTES  ILLIGER. 

Cathartes  ILLIGER,  Prodromus,  1811,  236.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Vultur 
aura  LINNAEUS  (Vigors,  1825). 

Cathartes  aura  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Southern  Canada  south  to  southern  South  America. 

a.    [Cathartes  aura  aura.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Cathartes  aura  septentrion£lis  WIED.    Turkey  Vulture.     [325.] 

Cathartes  septentrionalis  WIED,  Reise  Nord-America,  I,  1839,  162.     (Near 
New  Harmony,  Indiana.) 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  153 

RANGE. —  Austral  and  Transition  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia, 
Saskatchewan,  western  Manitoba,  northern  Minnesota,  southwestern  Ontario, 
western  and  southern  New  York,  and  New  Jersey  south  to  southern  Lower 
California  and  northern  Mexico;  winters  throughout  most  of  its  regular  range 
on  the  Atlantic  slope  but  westward  retires  to  California,  Nebraska,  and  the 
Ohio  Valley;  casual  in  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  northern  Ontario,  and  New 
Brunswick. 


GENUS  CATHARISTA  VIEILLOT. 

Catharista  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  21.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Vultur 
urubu  VIEILLOT  (Sharpe,  1874). 

Catharista  urubu  (VIEILLOT).    Black  Vulture.    [326.] 

Vultur  urubu  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807,  23,  pi.  ii.     (Carolina 
and  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  and  Lower  Austral  zones  from  western  Texas, 
Kansas,  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  southeastern  Virginia  south  through 
the  southern  States,  Mexico,  and  Central  America  to  southern  South 
America;  casual  in  Ohio,  Maine,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova 
Scotia;  rare  in  the  West  Indies. 


SUBORDER    FALCONES,   VULTURES,  FALCONS, 
HAWKS,  BUZZARDS,  EAGLES,  KITES,  HARRIERS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  BUTEONID^!.     HAWKS,    EAGLES,  KITES,  ETC. 

GENUS  ELANOIDES  VIEILLOT. 

Elanoides  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXIV,  1818,  101.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Falco  furcatus  LINN^US  =  F.  forficatus  LINNAEUS. 

Elanoides  forficatus  (LiNN^us).    Swallow-tailed  Kite.    [327.] 
Falco  forficatus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  89.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.     Breeds  locally  from  south- 
eastern   Saskatchewan,    northern    Minnesota,    southern    Wisconsin, 


154  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

southern  Indiana,  and  South  Carolina  south  through  eastern  Mexico 
and  Central  America  to  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Paraguay ;  accidental  west 
to  New  Mexico  and  Colorado  and  north  to  northern  Wisconsin, 
Ontario,  New  York,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  and  in  England;  casual  in 
the  Greater  Antilles;  winters  south  of  the  United  States. 

GENUS  ELANUS  SAVIGNY. 

Elanus  SAVIGNY,  Descr.  de  1'^lgypte,  1, 1809,  69,  97.    Type,  by  monotypy, 
Elanus  ccesius  SAVIGNY  =  Falco  melanopterus  DAUDIN. 

EUnus  leucurus  (VIEILLOT).     White-tailed  Kite.    [328.] 

Milvus  leucurus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XX,   1818,  563 
(errore  556).     (Paraguay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  Lower  Austral 
Zone  in  California  (Tehama  County  south  to  Los  Angeles  County), 
Texas,  Oklahoma,  South  Carolina,  and  Florida;  casual  in  southern 
Illinois,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Alabama;  winters  in  California 
and  Florida  and  south  rarely  to  Guatemala;  resident  in  South  America 
from  Argentina  and  Chile  to  Venezuela. 


GENUS  ICTINIA  VIEILLOT. 

Ictinia    VIEILLOT,    Analyse,    1816,    24.     Type,    by   monotypy,    Milvus 
cenchris  VIEILLOT  =  Falco  plumbeus  GMELIN. 

Ictinia  mississippiensis  (WILSON).     Mississippi  Kite.    [329.] 

Falco  misisippiensis  WILSON,  Amer.  On.,  Ill,  1811,  80,  pi.  25,  fig.  1. 
(A  few  miles  below  Natchez,  Mississippi.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Austral  Zone  from  southern  Kansas,  Iowa,  Illinois, 
southern  Indiana,  and  South  Carolina  south  to  Texas  and  Florida; 
winters  in  Florida  and  southern  Texas  and  south  rarely  to  Guatemala ; 
accidental  in  Colorado,  South  Dakota,  Wisconsin,  and  Pennsylvania. 


GENUS  ROSTRHAMUS  LESSON. 

Rostrhamus   LESSON,   Traite"   d'Orn.,    1830,   55.     Type,   by   monotypy, 
Rostrhamus  niger  LESSON  =  Herpetotheres  sociabilis  VIEILLOT. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  155 

Rostrhamus  sociabilis  (VIEILLOT).     Everglade  Kite.    [330.] 

Herpetotheres  sociabilis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XVIII,  1817, 
318.  (South  America,  Lat.  27°-30°  S.,  in  district  of  Corrientes,  and 
on  the  Rio  de  la  Plata.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  Florida,  Cuba,  eastern  Mexico,  Central  America, 
and  eastern  South  America  to  Argentina;  migratory  in  northern 
Florida. 

GENUS  CIRCUS  LACEPEDE. 

Circus  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  4.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Falco 
ceruginosus  LINNAEUS  (Lesson,  1828). 

Circus  hudsonius  (LINNAEUS).     Marsh  Hawk.    [331.] 

Falco  hudsonius  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  128.  (Hudson 
Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northeastern  Siberia, 
northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin, 
northern  Quebec,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  south  to  the  southern 
border  of  the  United  States ;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia, 
Colorado,  Iowa,  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  New  York  (occasionally  Massa- 
chusetts) south  to  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  and  Colombia. 


GENUS  ACCIPITER  BRISSON. 

Accipiter  BRISSON,  Orn.,  I,  1760,  310.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Accipiter] 
accipiter  BRISSON  =  Falco  nisus  LINNAEUS. 

Accipiter  velox  (WILSON).    Sharp-shinned  Hawk.    [332.] 

Falco  velox  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  V,  1812,  116,  pi.  45,  fig.  1.     (Banks  of 
Schuylkill  River,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  nearly  throughout  the  United 
States  and  Canada  from  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Macken- 
zie, southern  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south- 
ward; winters  from  British  Columbia,  Colorado,  Iowa,  northern 
Ohio,  and  Massachusetts  south  to  Panama. 


156  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Accipiter  cooperi  (BONAPARTE).     Cooper's  Hawk.     [333.] 

Fako  cooperii  BONAPARTE,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1828,  1,  pi.  x,  fig.  1.     (Near 
Bordentown,  N.  J.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia, 
southern  Alberta,  southern  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and  Prince 
Edward  Island  south  to  southern  border  of  the  United  States;  winters 
from  southern  British  Columbia,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Ohio,  and 
Massachusetts  south  to  Costa  Rica,  and  occasionally  further  north. 

GENUS  ASTUR  LACEPEDE. 

Astur  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  4.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Fako 
palumbarius  LINN^US  (Vigors,  1824). 

Astur  atricapillus  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  tree  limit  south  to  northern  Mexico. 

a.    Astur  atricapillus  atricapillus  (WILSON).    Goshawk.     [334.] 

Fako  atricapillus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  VI,  1812,  80,  pi.  52,  fig.  3.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  northwestern 
Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava 
south  to  Michigan  and  New  Hampshire,  and  in  the  mountains  south  to  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  Mexico;  winters  from  Alaska  and  the  southern  Canadian 
Provinces  south  to  northern  Mexico,  Texas,  Oklahoma,  Missouri,  Indiana, 
and  Virginia;  accidental  in  England. 

6.    Astur  atricapillus  stri&tulus  RIDGWAY.    Western  Goshawk.     [334a.] 

Astur  atricapillus  var.  striatulus  RIDGWAY,  in  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds,  III,  1874, 
240.     (Fort  Steilacoom,  Puget  Sound,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  zones  of  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  from  Cook  Inlet, 
Alaska,  south  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California  in  latitude  36°  30' ;  winters 
southward  in  California  and  east  to  Colorado. 


GENUS  PARABUTEO  RIDGWAY. 

Parabuteo  RIDGWAY,  in  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds,  III,  1874,  250.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Fako  harrisii  AUDUBON  =  Buteo  harrisi  AUDUBON. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  157 

Parabuteo  unicinctus  (TEMMINCK). 
RANGE. —  Southern  United  States  south  to  Argentina. 

a.     [Parabuteo  unicinctus  unicinctus.     Extralimital.j 

6.    Parabuteo  unicinctus  harrisi  (AUDUBON).    Harris's  Hawk.    [335.] 

Buteo  harrisi  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1837,  pi.  392.     (Between 
Bayou  Sara  and  Natchez,  Mississippi.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  southeastern  California,  southern  Ari- 
zona, southern  New  Mexico,  southern  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Mississippi  south 
to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  Panama ;  accidental  in  Iowa. 

GENUS  BUTEO  LACEPEDE. 

Buteo  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  4.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Falco 
buteo  LINNAEUS. 

SUBGENUS  BUTEO. 
Buteo  borealis  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southeastern  Alaska  and  central 
Canada  south  to  Guatemala. 

a.    Buteoborealis  borealis  (GMELIN).    Red-tailed  Hawk.    [337.] 
Falco  borealis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  266.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  from  Saskatchewan,  Wisconsin,  and 
Illinois  east  to  central  Keewatin  and  Newfoundland,  and  south  to  eastern 
Texas,  northeastern  Mexico,  the  Gulf  coast,  Florida,  and  the  Greater  Antilles. 

6.    Buteo  borealis  krideri  HOOPES.    Krider's  Hawk.    [337a.] 

Buteo  borealis  var.  kriderii  HOOPES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1873, 
238,  pi.  5.     (Winnebago  Co.,  Iowa.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  from  Wyoming,  North  Dakota,  and  Minnesota 
south  to  Nebraska  and  Missouri  and  in  winter  to  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Texas, 
Louisiana,  and  Mississippi. 

c.    Buteo  borealis  calurus  CASSIN.    Western  Red-tail.    [3376.] 

Buteo  calurus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1855,  281.     (Near 
Fort  Webster,  Rio  Mimbres,  New  Mexico.) 


158  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  the  middle  Yukon,  and  central 
western  Mackenzie  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  Guatemala ;  east  to  western 
part  of  the  Great  Plains;  casual  in  Illinois  and  Ontario. 

d.    Buteo  borealis  hailani  (AUDUBON).    Harlan's  Hawk.    [337d.] 

Falco  harlani  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  I,  1830,  pi.  86.     (Near  St. 
Francisville,  Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  Gulf  States,  from  Louisiana  to 
Georgia  and  Florida;  casual  in  Colorado,  Texas,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa, 
Illinois,  and  Pennsylvania. 

(.    Buteo  borealis  alasce*nsis  GRINNELL.    Alaska  Red-tail.     [337c.] 

Buteo  borealis  alascensis  GRINNELL,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  No.  2, 
Feb.  18,  1909,  211.     (Glacier  Bay,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  Alaska  from  Yakutat  Bay  to  Admiralty  Island  and 
the  Sitka  islands. 

Buteo  lineatus  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southern  Canada  south  to  northern 
Mexico. 

a.  Buteo  lineatus  lineatus  (GMELIN).    Red-shouldered  Hawk.    [339.] 

Falco  lineatus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  268.     (Long  Island,  New 
York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Manitoba,  southern 
Keewatin,  southern  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  south 
nearly  to  the  Gulf  States  and  west  to  edge  of  the  Great  Plains;  winters 
south  to  the  Gulf  coast. 

b.  Buteo  lineatus  alleni  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Red-shouldered  Hawk.     [339a.] 

Buteo  lineatus  alleni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII,  Feb.  25,  1885, 
514.     (Tampa,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  part  of  Lower  Austral  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
States  from  South  Carolina  through  Texas  into  Tamaulipas,  Mexico. 

c.  Buteo  lineatus  Slogans  CASSIN.    Red-bellied  Hawk.    [3396.] 

Buteo  elegans  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1855,  281.     (Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia 
and  California  south  to  Lower  California  and  northwestern  Mexico. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  159 

Buteo  abbreviates  CABANIS.     Zone-tailed  Hawk.     [340.] 

Buteo  abbreviatus  CABANIS,  in  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  III, 
1848,  739.     (Upper  Pomeroon,  British  Guiana.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  south- 
western Texas  south  through  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Vene- 
zuela and  British  Guiana;  casual  in  southern  California. 


Buteo  swainsoni  BONAPARTE.    Swainson's  Hawk.    [342.] 

Buteo  swainsoni  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  3.     (Near  the 
Columbia  River.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  Fort  Yukon,  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  and 
Manitoba  south  to  Chile;  casual  in  Quebec,  Ontario,  Maine,  and 
Massachusetts;  winters  from  South  Dakota  southward. 

Buteo  platypterus  (VIEILLOT).    Broad-winged  Hawk.    [343.] 

Sparvius  platypterus  VIEILLOT,  Tableaux  Encycl.  M<§th.,  Ill,  1823,  1273. 
(Schuylkill  River,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Alberta, 
southeastern  Saskatchewan,  northern  Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and 
Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  central  Texas,  mainly 
east  of  the  Mississippi;  winters  from  the  Ohio  and  Delaware  valleys 
south  to  Venezuela  and  Peru. 


SUBGENUS  TACHYTRIORCHIS  KAUP. 

Tachytriorchis  KAUP,   Class.   Saug.   und  Vogel,   1844,   123.     Type,   by 
monotypy,  Falco  pterocles  TEMMINCK  =  Buteo  albicaudatus  VIEILLOT. 

Buteo  albicaud&tus  VIEILLOT. 

RANGE. —  Texas   south   through   Mexico,    Central   America,   and 
South  America  to  Chile  and  Argentina. 

a.  [Buteo  albicaudatus  albicaudatus.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Buteo  albicaudatus  sennetti  ALLEN.    Sennett's  White-tailed  Hawk.    [341.] 

Buteo  albicaudatus  sennetti  ALLEN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  V,  July  19, 
1893,  144.     (Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas.) 


160  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  middle  Texas  south  to  southern  Mexico 
(both  coasts). 

SUBGENUS  BUTEOLA  BONAPARTE. 

Buteola   BONAPARTE,    Comptes   Rendus,    XLI,    1855,    651.     Type,    by 
orig.  desig.,  Buteo  brachyurus  VIEILLOT. 

Buteo  brachyiirus  VIEILLOT.    Short-tailed  Hawk.     [344.f~ 

Buteo  brachyurus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  IV,   1816,  477. 
(Cayenne?.) 

RANGE. —  Florida,  eastern  Mexico,  and  central  America  south  to 
Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Brazil. 


GENUS  URUBITINGA  LAFRESNAYE. 

Urubitinga  LAFRESNAYE,  Diet.  Univ.  Hist.  Nat.,  II,  1843,  786.  Type,  by 
tautonymy,  "  LJ Aigle-Autour  Urubitinga  de  Cuvier"  =  Falco  urubi- 
tinga  GMELIN. 

Urubitinga  anthracina  (LICHTENSTEIN).     Mexican  Black  Hawk.  [345.] 

Falco  anthracinus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Preis-Verz. . .  .Vogel. ..  .Mexico,  etc., 
1830, 3.  (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  southern  Arizona,  and  lower  Rio 
Grande  Valley  south  through  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Peru 
and  British  Guiana. 


GENUS  ASTURINA  VIEILLOT. 

Asturina  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  24.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Asturina 
cinerea  VIEILLOT  =  Falco  nitidus  LATHAM. 

Asturina  plagiata  SCHLEGEL.     Mexican  Goshawk.     [346.] 

Asturina  plagiata  SCHLEGEL,  Mus.  Pays-Bas,  I,  AsturinaB,  1862,  1.     (City 
of  Vera  Cruz,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  south  to 
Costa  Rica;  winters  south  of  the  United  States;  accidental  in  southern 
Illinois. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  161 


GENUS  ARCHIBUTEO  BREHM. 

Archibuteo  BREHM,  Isis,  XXI,  1828, 1269.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "  Rauch- 
fussbussard"  =  Falco  lagopus  BRUNNICH. 

SUBGENUS  ARCHIBUTEO. 

Archibuteo  lagopus  (BRUNNICH). 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.  [Archibuteo  lagopus  lagopus.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Archibuteo  lagopus    sancti-johannis    (GMELIN).      Rough-legged   Hawk. 

[347a.] 

Falco  s.  johannis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  273.     (Hudson  Strait 
and  Newfoundland.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  north  of  Mexico.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  Zone 
from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  northwestern  Alaska,  Arctic  coast,  and  northern 
Ungava  south  to  central  British  Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern 
Ungava,  and  Newfoundland;  winters  from  Oregon,  Colorado,  Minnesota, 
and  northern  boundary  of  eastern  United  States  south  to  central  California, 
southern  New  Mexico,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  North  Carolina. 

SUBGENUS  BREWSTERIA  MAYNARD. 

Brewsteria  MAYNARD,  Birds  Eastern  N.  A.,  Ft.  40,  1895,  691.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Falco  ferrugivieus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Archibuteo    ferrugineus    (LICHTENSTEIN).     Ferruginous    Rough-leg. 

[348.] 

Falco  (Buteo)  ferrugineus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abh.  K.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin 
(Phys.  Kl.),  for  1838  (1839),  428.     (Near  Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Wash- 
ington, southwestern  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba  to  south- 
ern California,  Utah,  Colorado,  and  Kansas;  winters  from  Montana 
to  Lower  California  and  northern  Mexico,  and  casually  east  to  Wis- 
consin and  Illinois. 

GENUS  AQUILA  BRISSON. 

Aquila  BRISSON,  Orn.,  I,   1760,  419.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Aquila] 
aquila  BRISSON  =  Falco  chrysaetos  LINNAEUS. 


162  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Aquila  chrysaetos  (LINNAEUS).     Golden  Eagle.     [349.] 

Falco  chrysaetos  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  88.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  the  Old 
World  south  to  North  Africa  and  the  Himalaya;  in  North  America 
from  northern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and 
northern  Ungava  south  to  middle  Lower  California,  central  Mexico, 
western  Texas,  South  Dakota,  Manitoba,  southern  Keewatin,  central 
Ontario,  New  Hampshire,  Maine,  and  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  the  Alle- 
ghenies  to  southwestern  North  Carolina;  less  common  east  of  the 
Mississippi. 


GENUS  HALI.SETUS  SAVIGNY. 

Haliceetus  SAVIGNY,   Descr.   de  T^gypte,   I,    1809,   68,  85.     Type,   by 
monotypy,  Haliceetus  nisus  SAVIGNY  =  Falco  albicilla  LINN^US. 

[Haliseetus  albicilla  (LINNAEUS).     Gray  Sea  Eagle.    [351.] 

Falco  albicilla  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  89.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Eastern  Hemisphere,  breeding  from 
Scotland,  northern  Europe,  and  northern  Asia  to  Spitzbergen  and 
Nova  Zembla;  in  migration  south  to  Japan,  China,  northern  India, 
southern  Europe,  and  northern  Africa;  resident  in  Iceland  and  Green- 
land; recorded  also  from  Cumberland  Sound;  casual  on  the  Aleutian 
Islands.] 

Haliseetus  leucocephalus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  from  near  tree  limit  south  to  northern 
Mexico. 

a.     Haliseetus  leucocephalus  leucocephalus  (LINNAEUS).    Bald  Eagle.    [352.} 
Falco  leucocephalus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12, 1,  1766,  124.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  United  States  to  southern  Lower  California  and  northern  Mexico, 
breeding  in  suitable  locations  throughout  its  range;  rare  and  local  in  California 
and  in  the  arid  interior. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  163 


b.    Haliseetus  leucocephalus  alascanus  C.   H.  TOWNSEND.     Northern  Bald 
Eagle.     [352a.] 

Halicetus  leucocephalus  alascanus  TOWNSEND,   Proc.   Biol.    Soc.    Wash., 
XI,  June  9,  1897,  145.     (Unalaska,  Alaska.) 

RANGE.  —  Boreal  zones  of  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie, 
central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  British  Columbia  and  the 
Great  Lakes. 


FAMILY  FALCONID^E.    FALCONS,  CARACARAS,  ETC. 

SUBFAMILY  FALCONINJE.     FALCONS. 

GENUS  FALCO  LINNAEUS. 

Falco  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  88.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Falco  subbuteo  LINN^US  (A.  O.  U.  Comm.,  1886). 

SUBGENUS  HIEROFALCO  CUVIER. 

Hierofalco  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  312.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Falco  candicans  GMELIN  =  Falco  islandus  BRUNNICH. 

Falco  islandus  BRUNNICH.     White  Gyrfalcon.     [353.] 

Falco  islandus  BRUNNICH,  Orn.  Borealis,  1764,  2.     (Iceland.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Resident  in  Greenland;  in  winter 
casual  south  to  Ontario,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Maine. 

Falco  rusticolus  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  Arctic  and  subarctic  parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
south  in  winter  to  northern  part  of  temperate  zone. 

a.    Falco  rusticolus  rusticolus  LINN.EUS.     Gray  Gyrfalcon.    [354.] 

Falco  rusticolus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  88.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  in  Arctic  America  from  Alaska  east  to 
southern  Greenland;  in  winter  casual  south  to  British  Columbia,  Kansas, 
Wisconsin,  Ontario,  and  Maine. 


164  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

6.     Falco  rusticolus  gyrfalco  LINNJEUS.     Gyrfalcon.     [35  4a.] 

Falco  gyrfalco  LINN^JUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  91.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  regions.  Breeds  in  Ellesmere  Land,  northern  Greenland, 
and  east  to  Franz  Josef  Land;  in  winter  casual  south  to  Minnesota,  New 
York,  Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  and  Maine. 

c.    Falco  rusticolus  obsoletus  GMELIN.    Black  Gyrfalcon.     [3546.] 

Falco  obsoletus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  268.     (Hudson  Strait.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Ungava;  south  in  winter  to  Nova  Scotia,  Quebec, 
Ontario,  and  Maine,  and  casually  to  New  York,  New  Hampshire,  Massachu- 
setts, and  Rhode  Island. 

Falco  mexicanus  SCHLEGEL.     Prairie  Falcon.     [355.] 

Falco  mexicanus  SCHLEGEL,  Abh.  Geb.  Zool.,  Heft  3,  1850,  15.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Sonoran  zones  from  eastern  border  of  the 
Great  Plains  and  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  southeastern 
Saskatchewan  to  southern  Lower  California  and  southern  Mexico; 
casual  east  to  Minnesota  and  Illinois. 

SUBGENUS  RHYNCHODON  NITZSCH. 

Rhynchodon  NITZSCH,  Obs.  Avium  Art.  Carot.  Comm.,  1829,  20.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Falco  peregrinus  TUNSTALL  (A.  O.  U.  Comm.,  1886). 

Falco  peregrinus  TUNSTALL. 

RANGE. —  Greater  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere,  south  in  winter 
to  Africa  and  South  America. 

a.    Falco  peregrinus  peregrinus  TUNSTALL.    Peregrine  Falcon.     [356.] 
Falco  peregrinus  TUNSTALL,  Orn.  Brit.,  1771,  1.     (Great  Britain.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  northern  Asia;  in  winter  south  to  Africa  and  Indian 
Peninsula;  casual  in  Greenland. 

6.     Falco  peregrinus  dnatum  BONAPARTE.    Duck  Hawk.     [356a.] 

Falco  anatum  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  4.     (Egg  Harbor, 
New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  locally  (except  in  Northwest 
Coast  region)  from  Norton  Sound,  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  Boothia 
Peninsula,  and  western  central  Greenland  south  to  central  Lower  California, 
Arizona,  southwestern  Texas,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  and 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  165 

Connecticut  (in  mountains  to  South  Carolina) ;  winters  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  Colorado,  and  New  Jersey  (occasionally  further  north)  to  the  West 
Indies  and  Panama ;  occurs  also  in  southern  South  America. 

c.    Falco  peregrinus  pealei  RIDGWAY.     Peale's  Falcon.     [3566.] 

Falco  communis  var.  pealei  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec.,  1873, 
201.     (Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region  of  North  America  from  Commander  and 
Aleutian  islands  to  Oregon.  Breeds  throughout  its  range. 

SUBGENUS  TINNUNCULUS  VIEILLOT. 

Tinnunculus  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807,  39.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Falco  columbarius  LINNAEUS  (Sharpe,  1874). 

Falco  columbarius  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  northern 
South  America. 

a.  Falco  columbarius  columbarius  LINN^US.    Pigeon  Hawk.    [357.] 
Falco  columbarius  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  90.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  to  northern  South  America.  Breeds  from  north- 
western Alaska  and  northwestern  Mackenzie  south  in  the  mountains  to  Cali- 
fornia and  southern  Oregon,  and  from  central  Keewatin,  northern  Ungava, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  northern  Michigan,  central  Ontario,  and  Maine ; 
winters  from  California  and  the  Gulf  States  (casually  further  north)  south 
through  Mexico,  Central  America,  and  the  West  Indies  to  Ecuador  and  Vene- 
zuela. 

b.  Falco  columbarius  suckleyi  RIDGWAY.    Black  Pigeon  Hawk.     [357a.] 

Falco  columbarius  var.  suckleyi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec., 
1873,  201.     (Shoalwater  Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  region  from  Sitka  to  northern  California. 

c.  Falco  columbarius  richardsoni  RIDGWAY.    Richardson's  Pigeon  Hawk. 

[3575.] 

Falco  (Hypotriorchis)  richardsonii  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
for  1870  (1871),  145.     (Mouth  of  Vermilion  River,  South  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  western  North  America.  Breeds  in  the  Great  Plains 
region  from  southern  Alberta  and  middle  of  Saskatchewan  Valley  to  northern 


166  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Montana  and  North  Dakota;  winters  south  to  southern  Lower  California, 
northwestern  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas;  casual  in  California  and  Missouri; 
accidental  in  South  Carolina. 

[Falco  aesalon  TUNSTALL.     Merlin.     [358.1.] 

Falco  cesalon  TUNSTALL,  Orn.  Brit.,  1771,  1.     (Great  Britain.) 

RANGE. —  Europe,  Asia,  and  northern  Africa;  accidental  in  Green- 
land.] 

SUBGENUS  RHYNCHOFALCO  RIDGWAY. 

Rhynchofalco  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  XVI,  1873,  46.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Falco  femoralis  TEMMINCK  =  Falco  fusco-ccerulescens 

VlEILLOT. 

Falco  fusco-cserulescens  VIEILLOT.     Aplomado  Falcon.    [359.] 

Falco  fusco-ccerulescens  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XI,  1817,  90. 
(Paraguay.) 

RANGE. —  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas  south  through 
Central  America  to  Patagonia. 

SUBGENUS  CERCHNEIS  BOIE. 

Cerchneis  BOIE,  Isis,  XIX,  1826,  970.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Falco  rupi- 
colus  DAUDIN. 

[Falco  tinnunculus  LINN^US.     Kestrel.    [359.1.] 

Falco  tinnunculus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  90.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Eastern   Hemisphere;    accidental   in 
Greenland  (Cape  Farewell).] 

Falco  sparverius  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America. 

a.    Falco  sparverius  sparverius  LINNAEUS.    Sparrow  Hawk.    [360.] 

Falco  sparverius  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  90.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.     Breeds  from  the 
Upper  Yukon,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  and  Newfound- 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  167 

land  south  to  Texas  and  the  eastern  Gulf  States  (except  Florida);  winters 
from  Kansas,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Massachusetts  south  through  eastern  Mexico 
to  Costa  Rica. 

b.  Falco  sparverius  phalsena  (LESSON).    Desert  Sparrow  Hawk.        [360a.] 

Tinnunculus  phalcena  LESSON,  JiJcho  du  Monde  Savant,  12e  ann.,  June  19, 
1845,  1086.     (San  Bias  and  Acapulco,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British  Columbia 
and  southwestern  Saskatchewan  south  to  southern  California,  New  Mexico, 
western  Texas,  and  Durango  east  to  Wyoming  and  western  Nebraska;  winters 
from  British  Columbia  and  Colorado  south  to  Guatemala. 

c.  Falco  sparverius  peninsularis  ME ARNS.     San  Lucas  Sparrow  Hawk.    [3606.] 

Falco  sparverius  peninsularis  MEAKNS,  Auk,  IX,  July,  1892,  267.     (San 
Jose",  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California. 

d.  Falco  sparverius  paulus  (Ho WE  &  KING).    Little  Sparrow  Hawk.    [360c.] 

Cerchneis  sparverius  paulus  HOWE  &  KING,  Contrib.  N.  A.  Orn.,  I,  May 
21,  1902,  28.     (Miami,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida  Peninsula. 

[Falco  sparveroides  VIGORS.     Cuban  Sparrow  Hawk.    [361.] 
Falco  sparveroides  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1827,  426.     (Cuba.) 

RANGE. —  Cuba;  casual  in  Florida.] 

SUBFAMILY  POLYBORIN^E.     CARACARAS. 

GENUS  POLYBORUS  VIEILLOT. 

Polyborus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  22.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Caracara, 
Buff."  =  Falco  tharus  MOLINA. 

Polyborus  cheriway  (JACQUIN).     Audubon's  Caracara.    [362.] 

Falco  (cheriway)  JACQUIN,  Beytr.  Gesch.  Vogel,  1784,  17,  pi.  4.     (Aruba 
Island,  and  coast  of  Venezuela.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Lower  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  and  Florida 
south  to  Guiana  and  Ecuador;  accidental  in  Ontario. 


168  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Polyborus  lutosus  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  Caracara.    [363.] 

Polyborus  lutosus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  I,  No.  6, 
2d  ser.,  Feb.  8,  1876,  459.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.     (Now  extinct  ?) 


FAMILY  PANDIONIDJE.     OSPREYS. 

GENUS  PANDION  SAVIGNY. 

Pandion  SAVIGNY,  Descr.  de  I'^gypte,  I,  1809,  69,  95.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Falco  haliaetus  LINN^US. 


Pandion  haliaetus 

RANGE.  —  Nearly  cosmopolitan. 

a.  [Pandion  haliaetus  haliaetus.     Extralimital.]^ 

b.  Pandion  haliaetus  caroline*nsis  (GMELIN.)     Osprey.    [364.] 

Falco  carolinensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  263.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE.  —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska, 
northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Newfound- 
land south  to  Lower  California,  western  Mexico,  and  the  Gulf  coast;  winters 
from  the  southern  United  States  through  Lower  California  and  Mexico  to  the 
West  Indies  and  Central  America  ;  occurs  also  in  South  America  south  to  Peru 
and  Paraguay. 


SUBORDER  STRIGES.    OWLS. 

FAMILY  ALUCONIDJE.    BARN  OWLS. 

GENUS  ALUCO  FLEMING. 

Aluco  FLEMING,  Philos.  Zool.,  II,  1822,  236.  Type,  by  monotypy, 
Strix  flammea  LINN^US  (1766,  nee  PONTOPPIDAN,  1763)  =  Strix 
alba  SCOPOLI. 

Aluco  pratincola  (BONAPARTE).     Barn  Owl.    [365.] 

Strix  pratincola  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  7.  (Southeastern 
United  States.) 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  169 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Upper  and  Lower  Austral 
zones  from  northern  Sacramento  Valley,  California,  Colorado,  Ne- 
braska, Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  western  New  York  south  to  the 
Gulf  States  and  southern  Mexico,  and  casually  to  Oregon,  Minne- 
sota, Michigan,  Ontario,  Vermont,  and  Massachusetts. 


FAMILY  STRIGID-ffl.     HORNED  OWLS,  ETC. 


GENUS  ASIO  BRISSON. 

Asio  BRISSON,  Orn.,  I,  1760,  477.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Asio]  asio 
BRISSON  =  Strix  otus  LINN^US. 

Asio  wilsonianus  (LESSON).     Long-eared  Owl.     [366.] 

Otus  wilsonianus  LESSON,  TraitS  d'Orn.,  1830,  110.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British 
Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  southern  Quebec, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  California,  northern  Texas, 
Arkansas,  and  Virginia;  winters  from  southern  Canada  to  Georgia, 
Louisiana,  and  central  Mexico. 

Asio  fldmmeus  (PONTOPPIDAN).    Short-eared  Owl.     [367.] 

Strix  flammea  PONTOPPIDAN,  Danske  Atlas,  I,  1763,  617,  pi.  xxv,  fig. 
(Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Nearly  cosmopolitan.  In  North  America  breeds  ir- 
regularly and  locally  from  northern  Alaska  and  Aleutian  Islands,  north- 
ern Mackenzie,  northern  Ungava,  and  Greenland  south  to  California, 
Colorado,  southern  Kansas,  Missouri,  northern  Indiana,  and  Massa- 
chusetts; winters  from  California,  Wyoming,  Minnesota,  Indiana, 
Ohio,  and  Massachusetts  south  to  Louisiana,  Cuba,  and  Guatemala; 
common  in  Hawaii. 


GENUS  STRIX  LINNJEUS. 

Strix  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  92.     Type,  by  subs,  desig. 
Strix  aluco  LINNAEUS  (Newton,  1874). 


170  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


Strix  varia  BARTON. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  from  Hudson  Bay  south  to  the 
Gulf  coast;  west  to  the  eastern  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

a.  Strix  varia  varia  BARTON.    Barred  Owl.    [368.] 

Strix  varius  BARTON,  Fragm.  N.  H.  Perm.,  1799,  11.     (Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Keewatin, 
southern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  eastern  Kansas  and  Georgia, 
and  west  to  eastern  Wyoming  and  eastern  Colorado. 

b.  Strix  varia  alleni  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Barred  Owl.     [368a.] 

Strix  nebulosa  alleni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Ill,  1880,  8.    (Clear- 
water,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  strip  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from  eastern  Texas 
to  Florida  and  South  Carolina. 

c.  Strix  varia  albogflva  BANGS.    Texas  Barred  Owl.     [3686.] 

Strix  varia  albogilva  BANGS,  Auk,  XXV,   1908,  316.     (Corpus  Christi, 
Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Middle  southern  Texas. 

Strix  occidentalis  (XANTUS). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  the  coast  region  of  British 
Columbia  to  northern  Lower  California  and  northern  Mexico,  east 
to  southern  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

a.  Strix  occidentalis  occidentalis  (XANTUS).    Spotted  Owl.    [369.] 

Syrnium  occidentals  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  193. 
(Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE.—  Sonoran  zones  of  California  from  southern  San  Joaquin  Valley, 
southward,  and  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  southern  Colorado  south  to  north- 
ern Lower  California  and  northwestern  Mexico. 

b.  Strix  occidentalis  caurina  (MERRIAM).    Northern  Spotted  Owl.     [369a.] 

Syrnium  occidentale  caurinum  MERRIAM,  Auk,  XV,  Jan.,  1898,  40.     (Mt. 
Vernon,  Skagit  Valley,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  of  British  Columbia,  Washington,  Oregon,  and 
California  (south  on  the  coast  to  Point  Reyes  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to 
Calaveras  County). 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  171 


GENUS  SCOTIAPTEX  SWAINSON. 

Scotiaptex  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  I,  1836,  327.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Strix  cinerea  GMELIN  =  Strix  nebulosa  FORSTER  (Ridgway,  1887). 

Scotiaptex  nebulosa  (FORSTER). 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.    Scotiaptex  nebulosa  nebulosa  (J.  R.  FORSTER).    Great  Gray  Owl.    [370.] 
Strix  nebulosa  FORSTER,  Philos.  Trans.,  LXII,  1772,  424.     (Severn  River.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and  upper  Cana- 
dian zones  from  tree  limit  in  central  Alaska  and  northwestern  Mackenzie  south 
to  central  Alberta  and  central  Keewatin;  winters  in  the  southern  Canadian 
Provinces,  straggling  to  northern  California,  Wyoming,  Nebraska,  Minnesota, 
Indiana,  Ohio,  northern  New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  New  England. 

6.     [Scotiaptex  nebulosa  lappdnica  (THUNBERG).    Lapp  Owl.     [370a.] 

Strix  lapponica  THUNBERG,  K.  Vet.  Akad.  nya  Handl.,  XIX,  1798,  184. 

(Lapland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  the  Old  World;  accidental  in  Alaska  (Norton 
Sound).] 


GENUS  CRYPTOGLAUX  RICHMOND. 

Cryptoglaux  RICHMOND,  Auk,  XVIII,  April,  1901,  193.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Strix  tengmalmi  GMELIN  =  Strix  funerea  LINNAEUS. 

Cryptoglaux  funerea  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.  [Cryptoglaux  funerea  funerea.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Cryptoglaux    funerea    richardsoni    (BONAPARTE).     Richardson's    Owl. 

[371.] 

Nyctale  richardsoni  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  7.     (Bangor, 
Maine.) 

RANGE. —  Northern   North   America.      Breeds   in   Hudsonian  and   upper 
Canadian  zones  from  limit  of  trees  in  central  Alaska  and  northern  central 


172  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Mackenzie  south  to  northern  British  Columbia,  northern  Alberta,  and  Magdalen 
Islands;  south  in  winter  to  southern  Canada  but  rare  eastward;  casual 
south  to  Oregon,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  England. 

Cryptoglaux  acadica  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America. 

a.    Cryptoglaux  acadica  acadica  (GMELIN).    Saw-whet  Owl.    [372.] 

Strix  acadica  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  296.     (Eastern  North  Amer- 
ica.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  and  eastern  British  Co- 
lumbia, Alberta,  Manitoba,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to 
central  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  southern  Nebraska,  northern  Indiana,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  Maryland;  winters  south  to  southern  California,  Louisiana,  Vir- 
ginia (casually  to  the  Carolinas),  and  Maine;  casual  or  accidental  in  Mexico 
and  Guatemala. 

I.    Cryptoglaux  acadica  scotsea   (OSGOOD).      Northwestern   Saw-whet   Owl. 
[372a.] 

Nyctala  acadica  scotcea  OSGOOD,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  21,   1901,  43. 
(Massett,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Queen  Charlotte  Islands  and  British  Columbia,  south  to  Puget 
Sound  region. 


GENUS  OTUS  PENNANT. 

Otus  PENNANT,  Indian  Zoology,   1769,  3.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Otus 
bakkamcena  PENNANT. 

OtUS  &SM)  (LlNNvEUS). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America,  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia and  the  northern  border  of  eastern  United  States  south  to  north- 
ern Mexico. 

a.    Otus  asio  asio  (LINN^US).    Screech  Owl.    [373.] 

Strix  asio  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  92.     (Carolina  or  Vir- 
ginia.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  from  Minnesota,  Ontario,  and  New 
Brunswick  south  to  northeastern  Texas  and  Georgia,  and  west  to  about  the 
100th  meridian;  accidental  in  England. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  173 

6.     Otus  asio  floridanus  (RIDGWAY).    Florida  Screech  Owl.     [373a.] 

Scops  asio  var.  floridanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec.,  1873,  200. 
(Indian  River,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Gulf  and  South  Atlantic  States  from  southeastern  Texas  to 
South  Carolina,  chiefly  near  the  coast. 

c.  Otus  asio  mccdlli  (CASSIN).     Texas  Screech  Owl.     [3736.] 

Scops  mccallii  CASSIN,  Illustr.  Birds  Calif.,  Texas,  etc.,  1854,  180.     (Lower 
Rio  Grande,  Texas.) 

RANGE. — Extreme  southern    Texas    to    Tamaulipas    and    Nuevo    Leon, 
Mexico. 

d.  Otus  asio  bendirei  (BREWSTER).    California  Screech  Owl.     [373c.] 

Scops  asio  bendirei  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VII,  Jan.,  1882, 
31.     (Nicasio,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  Oregon  and  California. 

e.  Otus  asio  kennicotti  (ELLIOT).    Kennicott's  Screech  Owl.    [373d.] 

Scops  kennicottii  ELLIOT,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1867,  99.     (Sitka, 
Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  region  from  Sitka  to  Oregon. 

/.    Otus  asio  m£xwel!i8e  (RIDGWAY).    Rocky  Mountain  Screech  Owl.    [373e.] 

Scops  asio,  s.  maxwellice  RIDGWAY,  Field  &  Forest,  II,  June,  1877,  213. 
(Boulder  Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Foothills  and  adjacent  plains  of  eastern  Rocky  Mountains  from 
southeastern  Montana  to  central  Colorado. 

g.    Otus  asio  cineraceus  (RIDGWAY).    Mexican  Screech  Owl.    [373/.] 

Megascops  asio  cineraceus  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XII,  Oct.,  1895,  390.     (Fort 
Huachuca,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern   California,    northern   Lower    California,    Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  and  northwestern  Mexico. 

h.     Otus  asio  aikeni  (BREWSTER).    Aiken's  Screech  Owl.     [373^.] 

Megascops  asio  aikeni  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,   1891,   139.     (El 
Paso  Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Foothills  and  plains  of  east  central  Colorado,  south  probably  to 
central  New  Mexico  and  northeastern  Arizona,  and  east  to  central  Texas. 


174  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

i.    Otus  asio  macfarlanei  (BREWSTER).    MacFarlane's  Screech  Owl.     [373^.] 

Megascops  asio  macfarlanei  BREWSTER,   Auk,   VIII,   April,    1891,    140. 
(Fort  Walla  Walla,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  British  Columbia  south  to  eastern  Washington, 
Oregon,  and  western  Montana. 

Otus  trichopsis  (WAGLER).    Spotted  Screech  Owl.     [373.1.] 

Scops  trichopsis  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXV,  1832,  276.     (Mexico.) 
RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  to  Guatemala. 

Otus  xantusi  (BREWSTER).     Xantus's  Screech  Owl.     [373.2.] 

Megascops  xantusi  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XLI,  1902,  93. 
(Santa  Anita,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California. 

Otus  flamm§olus  (KAUP). 

RANGE. —  Interior  and  western  North  America  from  southern 
British  Columbia  south  to  the  highlands  of  Guatemala,  and  east  to 
Colorado. 

a.     Otus  flammeolus  flammeolus  (KAUP).     Flammulated  Screech  Owl.     [374.] 

Scops  fiammeola  KAUP,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  IV,  Pt.  6,  1859,  226. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Arizona  and  northern  Colorado  south  to  central  Mexico  and  the 
highlands  of  Guatemala. 

6.     Otus  flammeolus  idahoensis  (MERRIAM).    Dwarf  Screech  Owl.     [374a.] 

Megascops  flammeolus  idahoensis  MERRIAM,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,   No.   5, 
July,  1891,  96,  pi.  i.     (Ketchum,  Idaho.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  British  Columbia,  eastern  Washington,  and  Idaho 
south  to  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  California. 


GENUS  BUBO  DUMERIL. 

Bubo  DUMERIL,  Zool.  Analytique,  1806,  34.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Strix 
bubo  LINN^JUS. 


ORDER   RAPTORES.  175 

Bubo  virginianus  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Greater  part  of  North  and  South  America. 

a.     Bubo  virginianus  virginianus  (GMELIN).     Great  Horned  Owl.     [375.] 
Strix  virginiana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  287.     (Virginia.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  from  Ontario,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  Florida,  west  to  Wisconsin, 
eastern  Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  eastern  Texas. 

6.     Bubo  virginianus  palle*scens  Stone.    Western  Horned  Owl.     [375a.] 

Bubo  virginianus  pallescens  STONE,  Amer.  Nat.,  XXXI,  March,  1897, 
237.     (18  miles  southwest  of  San  Antonio,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  (exclusive  of  the  higher  mountains)  from 
eastern  Oregon,  Montana,  and  Minnesota  south  to  southeastern  California, 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  western  Texas,  and  northeastern  Mexico. 

c.  Bubo  virginianus  subarcticus  HOY.     Arctic  Horned  Owl.     [3756.] 

Bubo  subarcticus  HOY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI  (1852),  1853,  211. 
(Near  Racine,  Wisconsin.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  northwestern  Mackenzie  and  central  Keewatin  to 
valley  of  the  Saskatchewan,  and  probably  in  the  glacier  region  of  Mt.  St.  Elias 
and  Mt.  Fairweather;  south  in  winter  to  northern  United  States  from  Idaho 
to  Wisconsin. 

d.  Bubo  virginianus  pacificus  CASSIN.     Pacific  Horned  Owl.     [37 5d.] 

Bubo  virginianus  var.  pacificus  CASSIN,  Illustr.  Birds  Calif.,  Texas,  etc., 
July,  1854,  178.     ("the  west"  =  California,  as  restricted.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  California,  and  northeast  to  Klamath  Lakes,  Oregon, 
and  southwest  to  San  Diego  region. 

e.  Bubo  virginianus  saturates  RIDGWAY.    Dusky  Horned  Owl.     [375c.] 

Bubo  virginianus  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Orn.  40th  Parallel,  1877,  572  (note). 
(Simiahmoo,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  region  from  the  interior  of  Alaska  (Fort  Yukon),  Cook 
Inlet,  and  Prince  William  Sound  south  along  the  coast  to  San  Luis  Obispo 
County,  California,  and  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico; 
east  in  winter  to  Fort  Simpson,  Mackenzie  River. 

/.    Bubo  virginianus  elachistus  BREWSTER.    Dwarf  Horned  Owl.     [375e.] 

Bubo  virginianus  elachistus  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XLI, 
1902,  96.     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California  from  San  Quintin  southward. 


176  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

g.    Bubo  virginianus  heterocnSmis  (OBERHOLSER).    Labrador  Horned   Owl. 

[375/.] 

Asio  magellanicus  heterocnemis  OBERHOLSER,   Proc.   U.   S.   Nat.   Mus., 
XXVII,  1904,  187.     (Lance  au  Loup  [  =  Wolf  Bay],  Labrador.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Ungava  and  Labrador. 

h.    Bubo  virginianus  algistus  (OBERHOLSER).    Saint  Michael  Horned  Owl. 

[375?.] 

Asio  magellanicus  algistus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXVII, 
1904,  190.     (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  of  northern  Alaska  from  Bristol  Bay  and  the  Yukon 
delta  northward. 

GENUS  NYCTEA  STEPHENS. 

Nyctea  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  ii,  1826,  62.     Type,  by  tau- 
tonymy,  Strix  erminea  SHAW  =  Strix  nyctea  LINN^US. 

Ny cte a  nycte a  (LINNAEUS).    Snowy  Owl.    [376.] 

Strix  nyctea  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  93.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North 
America  breeds  on  barren  grounds  from  the  islands  of  Bering  Sea  and 
the  Yukon  delta  to  Melville  Island  and  northern  Greenland  south  to 
central  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava;  winters 
from  the  Arctic  coast  south  to  the  southern  Canadian  Provinces  and 
Montana,  and  irregularly  to  the  Middle  States  and  Ohio  Valley,  strag- 
gling to  California,  Texas,  Louisiana,  North  Carolina,  and  Bermuda. 

GENUS  SURNIA  DUMERIL. 

Surnia  DUMERIL,  Zool.  Analytique,  1806,  34.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Strix  funerea  auct.=  Strix  ulula  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1841). 

Surnia  ulula  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.    [Surnia  ulula  ulula  (LINNAEUS).     European  Hawk  Owl.    [377.] 
Strix  ulula  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  93.     (Sweden.) 
RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Old  World;  casual  in  Alaska  (St.  Michael).] 


ORDER  RAPTORES.  177 

6.    Sumia  ulula  caparoch  (MILLER).    Hawk  Owl.     [377a.j 

Strix  caparoch  MULLER,  Natursyst.  Suppl.,  1776,  69.     (Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska, 
northwestern  Mackenzie,  and  Hudson  Strait  to  southern  British  Columbia, 
central  Alberta  (casually  Montana),  and  Ungava;  winters  south  to  the 
southern  Canadian  Provinces,  casually  to  Washington,  Nebraska,  Indiana, 
Ohio,  New  York,  Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  and  Maine;  occasional  in 
England. 


GENUS  SPEOTYTO  GLOGER. 

Speotyto  GLOGER,  Hand-  und  Hilfsbuch,  1842,  226.  Type,  by  monotypy, 
Strix  cunicularia  MOLINA. 

Speotyto  cunicularia  (MOLINA). 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States,  southern  Florida,  the  Bahamas, 
West  Indies,  Mexico,  and  southward  to  southern  South  America. 

a.    [Speotyto  cunicularia  cunicularia.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Speotyto  cunicularia  hypogaea  (BONAPARTE).    Burrowing  Owl.    [378.] 

Strix  hypugcea  BONAPARTE,  Amer.  Orn.,  I,  1825,  72  (note).  (Western 
United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  from  the  Pacific  coast  to  Minnesota  and 
Louisiana,  and  from  British  Columbia  and  Manitoba  south  to  Panama;  mi- 
gratory north  of  Oregon  and  northern  Kansas;  accidental  in  New  York  and 
Massachusetts. 

c.    Speotyto  cunicularia  floridana  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Burrowing  Owl.    [378a.] 

Speotyto  cunicularia  var.  floridana  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Sportsman,  IV, 
July  4,  1874,  216.  (16  miles  east  of  Sarasota  Bay,  Manatee  Co., 
Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Florida. 


GENUS  GLAUCIDIUM  BOIE. 

Glaucidium   BOIE,  Isis,  XIX,    1826,  970.     Type,   by  monotypy,  Strix 
passerina  LINNAEUS. 


178  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


Glaucidium  gn6ma  WAGLER. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  southern  British  Columbia 
south  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Glaucidium  gnoma  gnoma  WAGLER.    Pygmy  Owl.    [379.] 

Glaucidium  gnoma  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXV,  1832,  275.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  Cariboo  District,  interior  of  British 
Columbia,  south  in  mountains  to  Guatemala  and  east  to  eastern  Montana, 
Colorado,  and  New  Mexico. 

b.  Glaucidium  gnoma  calif ornicum  SCLATER.    California  Pygmy  Owl.    [379a.] 

Glaucidium  californicum  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857,  4.     (Ore- 
gon and  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region  from  southwestern  British  Columbia  south 
to  Monterey,  California. 

Glaucidium  hdskinsi  BREWSTER.     Hoskins's  Pygmy  Owl.    [379.1.] 

Glaucidium  gnoma  hoskinsii  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  April,  1888,  136.     (Sierra 
de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Extreme  southern  Lower  California. 

Glaucidium  phaloenoides  (DAUDIN).     Ferruginous  Pygmy  Owl.    [380.] 
Strix  phalcenoides  DAUDIN,  Traite"  d'Ora.,  II,  1800,  206.     (Trinidad.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  from  Arizona,  New 
Mexico,  and  Texas  south  to  southern  Brazil. 


GENUS  MICROPALLAS  COUES. 

Micropallas  COUES,  Auk,  VI,  Jan.,   1889,  71.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Athene  whitneyi  COOPER. 

Micropallas  whitneyi  (J.  G.  COOPER).    Elf  Owl.    [381.] 

Athene  whitneyi  COOPER,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  1861,  118.     (Fort 
Mojave,  Colorado  Valley,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  and  Lower  California,  east  to  southern  Texas, 
south  over  the  tableland  of  Mexico  to  Puebla. 


ORDER   PSITTACI.  179 


ORDER   PSITTACI.     PARROTS,    MACAWS,    PARO- 
QUETS, ETC. 

FAMILY  PSITTACID^.     PARROTS,  MACAWS,  AND  PAROQUETS. 
GENUS  CONUROPSIS  SALVADORI. 

Conuropsis  SALVADORI,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XX,  1891,  203.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Psittacus  carolinensis  LINNJEUS. 

Conur6psis  carolinensis  (LINNJEUS).     Carolina  Paroquet.     [382.] 

Psittacus  carolinensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  97.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Now  probably  restricted  to  Florida,  and  there  only  of 
rare  local  occurrence ;  formerly  from  the  Atlantic  coast  of  southeastern 
United  States  west  to  Texas,  Oklahoma,  and  eastern  Colorado,  and 
north  to  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  southern  border  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  and  casually  to  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

GENUS  RHYNCHOPSITTA  BONAPARTE. 


Rhynchopsitta  BONAPARTE,  Revue  et  Mag.  Zool,  VI,  1854,  149.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Macrocercus  pachyrhynchus  SWAINSON. 

Rhynchopsitta  pachyrhyncha  (SWAINSON)  .  Thick-billed  Parrot.   [382. 1 .] 

Macrocercus  pachyrhynchus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  439. 
(Tableland  of  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  bordering  the  Mexican  tableland,  northward 
casually  to  the  Chiricahua  Mountains,  Arizona. 


180  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


ORDER  COCCYGES.     CUCKOOS,  ETC. 

SUBORDER  CUCULI.    CUCKOOS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  CUCULID^.     CUCKOOS,  ANIS,  ETC. 
SUBFAMILY  CROTOPHAGIN.ffl.     ANIS. 

GENUS  CROTOPHAGA  LINNAEUS. 

Crotophaga  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  105.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Crotophaga  ani  LINNAEUS. 

[Crotophaga  ani  LINN^US.    Ani.    [383.] 

Crotophaga  ani  LINNJSUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  105.     (Jamaica.) 

RANGE. —  West  Indies,  Yucatan,  and  eastern  South  America;  rare 
or  casual  in  Louisiana  and  southern  Florida;  accidental  near  Phila- 
delphia, and  Edenton,  North  Carolina.] 

Crotophaga  sulcirostris  SWAINSON.     Groove-billed  Ani.     [384.] 

Crotophaga  sulcirostris  SWAINSON,  Philos.   Mag.,  N.   S.,  I,    1827,   440. 
(Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Tropical  regions  of  North  and  South  America.  Breeds 
from  the  lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  and  from  southern  Lower 
California  south  to  Peru;  casual  in  Arizona,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  and 
Florida. 

SUBFAMILY   NEOMORPEINJE.     GROUND  CUCKOOS. 
GENUS  GEOCOCCYX  WAGLER. 

Geococcyx  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXIV,  1831,  524.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Geo- 
coccyx  variegata  WAGLER  =  Saurothera  californiana  LESSON. 


ORDER   COCCYGES.  181 

Geococcyx  californianus  (LESSON).     Road-nmner.     [385.] 

Saurothera  californiana  LESSON,  Compl.  (Euvres  Buffon,  VI,  1829,  420. 
(California.) 

RANGE. —  Mainly  Lower  Sonoran  and  lower  part  of  Upper  Sonoran 
zones  in  California  (north  to  upper  Sacramento  Valley),  Colorado, 
Kansas,  and  western  and  middle  Texas  south  through  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  the  tableland  of  Mexico  to  Puebla. 


SUBFAMILY  COCCYZIN2E.     AMERICAN  CUCKOOS. 
GENUS  COCCYZUS  VIEILLOT. 

Coccyzus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  28.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Coucou  de 
la  Caroline,  Buff."  =  Cuculus  americanus  LINN.EUS. 

Coccyzus  minor  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Florida  Keys  south  through  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico 
to  Central  America  and  northern  South  America. 

a.     Coccyzus  minor  minor  (GMELIN).     Mangrove  Cuckoo.     [386.] 
Cuculus  minor  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  411.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  Key  West,  Florida,  West  Indies  (except  Bahamas),  and  coast  of 
Mexico  and  Central  America  to  northeastern  South  America. 

[6.    Coccyzus  minor  ma^nardi  RIDGWAY.    Maynard's  Cuckoo.    [386a.] 

Coccyzus  maynardi  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,   1887,  274.     (Tea 
Thousand  Islands,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida  Keys  and  the  Bahamas.} 

Coccyzus  americ£nus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America,   south  in  winter  to  South 
America. 

a.    Coccyzus    americanus    americanus    (LINNAEUS).    Yellow-billed    Cuckoo. 

[387.] 

Cuculus  americanus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758,  111.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Parts  of  North  and  South  America.     Breeds  mainly  in  Austral 
zones  but  reaching  into  Transition,  from  North  Dakota,  Minnesota,  southern 


182  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Ontario,  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  Nuevo  Leon,  Tamaulipas, 
Louisiana,  and  northern  Florida,  and  west  to  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  and 
Oklahoma;  migrates  through  the  West  Indies  and  Central  America;  winters 
in  South  America  south  to  Ecuador,  Bolivia,  and  Argentina. 

6.    Coccyzus  americanus  occidentalis  RIDGWAY.    California  Cuckoo.    [387a.] 

Coccyzus  americanus  occidentalis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887> 
273.     (Santa  Rita  Mountains,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Sonoran 
zones  from  British  Columbia  to  southern  Lower  California  and  Chihuahua, 
and  from  the  Pacific  coast  to  eastern  Colorado  and  western  Texas;  winter 
home  unknown,  probably  in  South  America ;  Costa  Rica  in  migration. 

Coccyzus  erythrophthalmus  (WILSON).     Black-billed  Cuckoo.     [388.] 

Cuculus  erythrophthalmus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  IV,  1811,  16,  pi.  28,  fig.  2. 
(Probably  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  Tran- 
sition Zone  from  southeastern  Alberta,  southern  Manitoba,  southern 
Quebec,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  south  to  Kansas,  Arkansas,  North 
Carolina,  and  mountains  of  Georgia;  winters  in  South  America 
from  Colombia  to  Peru. 


[SUBFAMILY    CUCULINJE.     TRUE  CUCKOOS. 

GENUS  CUCULUS  LINNAEUS. 

Cuculus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  110.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Cuculus  canorus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Cuculus  canorus  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  Greater  part  of  the  Old  World;   accidental  in  Alaska. 

a.     [Cuculus  canorus  canorus.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Cuculus  canorus  telephonus  HEINE.    Kamchatka  Cuckoo.    [388.1.] 
Cuculus  telephonus  HEINE,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1863,  352.     (Japan.) 

RANGE. —  An  Asiatic  subspecies,  accidental  on  St.  Paul,  Pribilof  Islands, 
Alaska.] 


ORDER   COCCYGES.  183 

SUBORDER  TROGONES.    TROGONS. 
FAMILY  TROGONIDJE.    TROGONS. 

GENUS  TROGON  BRISSON. 

Trogon  BRISSON,  Orn.,  IV,  1760,  164.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,    Trogon 
viridis  LINN^US  =  T.  strigilatus  LINNAEUS  (Stone,  1907). 

Trogon  ambiguus  GOULD.     Coppery-tailed  Trogon.     [389.] 

Trogon  ambiguus  GOULD,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1835,  30.     (Northern 
Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  in  Texas  and  southern 
Arizona  to  southern  Mexico  (Oaxaca  and  Guerrero);  rare  in  the 
United  States. 

SUBORDER  ALCYONES.    KINGFISHERS. 
FAMILY  ALGEDINIDJE.    KINGFISHERS. 

GENUS  CERYLE  BOIE. 

Ceryle  BOIE,  Isis,  XXI,  1828,  316.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Alcedo  rudis 
LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  MEGACERYLE  KAUP. 

Megaceryle  KAUP,  Verh.  naturhist.  Vereins  Hessen,  II,  1848,  68.     Type, 
Alcedo  guttata  BODDAERT  =  Alcedo  maxima  PALLAS. 

Ceryle  alcyon  (LINNAEUS).     Belted  Kingfisher.     [390.] 

Alcedo  alcyon  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1, 1758, 115.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
from  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin, 


184  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  the  southern  border  of 
United  States;  winters  from  British  Columbia,  Nebraska,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Virginia  south  to  the  West  Indies,  Colombia,  and 
Guiana,  and  irregularly  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  Ontario. 

[Ceryle  torquata  (LiNN^us).     Ringed  Kingfisher.     [390.1.] 

Alcedo  torquata  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  180.     ("Martinica, 
Mexico.") 

RANGE. —  Tropical  Mexico  and   southward    to   southern   Brazil; 
casual  on  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas.] 


SUBGENUS  CHLOROCERYLE  KAUP. 

Chloroceryle  KAUP,  Verb,  naturhist.  Vereins  Hessen,  II,  1848,  68.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Alcedo  amazona  LATHAM  (Gray,  1855). 

Ceryle  americana  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Northern  Mexico  south  to  northern  Argentina. 

a.  [Ceryle  americana  americana.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Ceryle  americana  septentrionalis  SHARPE.    Texas  Kingfisher.    [391.] 

Ceryle  septentrionalis  SHARPE,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XVII,  1892,  134. 
(Type  locality  not  given.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas  and  Sinaloa,  Mexico,  south  to  Panama. 


ORDER   PICI.  185 

ORDER  PICI.      WOODPECKERS,    WRYNECKS,   ETC. 

FAMILY  PICID.S2.      WOODPECKERS. 

GENUS  CAMPEPHILUS  GRAY. 

Campephilus  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  1840,  54.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Picus  principalis  LINNAEUS. 

Campephilus  principalis  (LINNAEUS).     Ivory-billed  Woodpecker.     [392.] 
Picus  principalis  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  113.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Formerly  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from  Texas  to 
North  Carolina,  north  in  Mississippi  Valley  to  Oklahoma,  Missouri, 
southern  Illinois,  and  southern  Indiana;  now  restricted  to  the  lower 
Mississippi  Valley  and  Gulf  States,  and  of  local  distribution. 

GENUS  DRYOBATES  BOIE. 

Dryobates  BOIE,  Isis,  XXI,  1826,  977.     Type,  by  monotypy  Picus  pubes- 

cens  LINNAEUS. 

Dryobates  villosus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Wooded  parts  of  North  America  from  near  tree  limit 
south  to  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Panama. 

a.  Dryobates  villosus  villosus  (LINNAEUS).    Hairy  Woodpecker.    [393.] 

Picus  villosus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  175.     (New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Austral  zones  of  northeastern  United  States 
from  Nebraska,  eastern  Colorado,  and  Oklahoma  east  to  middle  and  northern 
parts  of  Eastern  States. 

b.  Dryobates  villosus  leucomelas  (BODDAERT).    Northern  Hairy  Woodpecker. 

[393a.] 

Picus  leucomelas  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  21.     (Canada.) 


186  CHECK-LIST     OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Canadian  Zone  of  northern  North  America  from  middle  Yukon, 
central  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Quebec  south  to  about 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  United  States. 

c.  Dryobates  villosus  auduboni  (SWAINSON).     Southern  Hairy  Woodpecker. 

[3936.] 

Picus   audubonii  SWAINSON,   Fauna   Bor.-Am.,   II,    1831    (1832),    306. 
(Georgia.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from 
southeastern  Missouri,  southern  Illinois,  and  southern  Virginia  to  southeastern 
Texas. 

d.  Dryobates  villosus  h&rrisi  (AUDUBON).    Harris's  Woodpecker.    [393c.] 
Picus  harrisi  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1838,  pi.  417,  figs.  8,  9. 

(Near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  Zone  of  Pacific  coast  from  southeastern  Alaska 
to  Humboldt  Bay,  California;  in  winter  south  to  Monterey. 

e.  Dryobates  villosus  hyloscopus  CABANIS  &  HEINE.    Cabanis's  Woodpecker. 

[393d] 

Dryobates  hyloscopus  CABANIS  &  HEINE,  Mus.  Hem.,  IV,  ii,  1863,  69  (note). 
(San  Jos6,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  northern  California,  southern 
Utah,  northwestern  and  central  New  Mexico,  and  extreme  southwestern 
Texas,  south  to  mountains  of  western  Zacatecas,  Mexico. 

/.    Dryobates  villosus  monticola  ANTHONY.    Rocky  Mountain  Hairy  Wood- 
pecker.   [393e.] 

Dryobates  villosus  monticola  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XV,  Jan.,  1898,  54.     (Boulder 
Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  from 
eastern  Washington  and  Montana  south  to  Utah  and  New  Mexico,  and  east 
to  western  Nebraska. 

//.    Dryobates   villosus    picoideus    OSGOOD.    Queen   Charlotte   Woodpecker. 

[393/.] 

Dryobates  picoideus  OSGOOD,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  21,  1901,  44.     (Mores- 
by Island,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  British  Columbia. 

h.    Dryobates  villosus  terrsenovae  BATCHELDER.     Newfoundland  Woodpecker. 
[3930.] 

Dryobates  villosus  terrcenovce  BATCHELDER,  Proc.  N.  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  IV, 
June  24,  1908,  37.     (Placentia,  Newfoundland.) 

RANGE. —  Newfoundland. 


ORDER   PICI.  187 

Dryobates  pubescens  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America. 

a.  Dryobates   pubescens  pubescens    (LINNAEUS).    Southern   Downy  Wood- 

pecker.   [394.] 
Picus  pubescens  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  175.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from 
North  Carolina  to  eastern  Texas. 

b.  Dryobates    pubescens    gairdneri    (AUDUBON).    Gairdner's    Woodpecker. 

[394a.] 

Picus  gairdnerii  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  317.     (Near  Fort  Van- 
couver, Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  Zone  of  Pacific  coast  from  southern  British 
Columbia  south  to  Mendocino  County,  California. 

c.  Dryobates  pubescens  homorus  CABANIS  &  HEINE.    Batchelder's  Wood- 

pecker.   [3946.] 

Dryobates  homorus  CABANIS  &  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  IV,  ii,  1863,  65  (note), 
(California.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia 
east  of  Cascade  range  to  eastern  California,  western  Nebraska,  and  extreme 
eastern  Colorado. 

d.  Dryobates    pubescens    medianus     (SWAINSON).      Downy    Woodpecker. 

[394c.] 

Picus   (Dendrocopus)   medianus  SWATNSON,   Fauna   Bor.-Am.,   II,    1831 
(1832),  308.     (New  Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  of  northern  and  central  parts  of 
eastern  North  America  from  southeastern  Alberta,  Manitoba,  and  southern 
Ungava  south  to  eastern  Nebraska,  Kansas,  and  Potomac  Valley,  and  in 
mountains  to  North  Carolina. 

e.  Dryobates    pubescens    n&soni    OBERHOLSER.     Nelson's    Downy    Wood- 

pecker.    [394d] 

Dryobates  pubescens  nelsoni  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XVIII, 
1896,  549.     (Nulato,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  Zone  from  northwestern  Alaska  and  southwestern 
Mackenzie  to  central  Alberta. 

/.     Dryobates  pubescens  turati  (MALHERBE).     Willow  Woodpecker.     [394e.] 
Picus  turati  MALHERBE,  Monogr.  PicidSes,  I,  1860,  125,  pi.  28,  figs.  1-3. 
(Near  Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  and  Transition  zones  of  California  (except  on 
northwest  coast  and  desert  ranges). 


188  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Dryobates  bore  alls  (VIEILLOT).     Red-cockaded  Woodpecker.     [395.] 

Picus  borealis  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  II,  1807  (1809  ?),  66,  pi.  122. 
("DanslenorddeslStats-Unis."  =  Southern  States.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States 
north  to  southwestern  Virginia,  Tennessee,  and  southern  Missouri, 
and  casually  to  New  Jersey. 

Dryobates  scalaris  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southern  part  of  western  United 
States  to  southern  end  of  Mexican  tableland. 

a.  [Dryobates  scalaris  scalaris.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Dryobates  scalaris  bairdi  (MALHERBE).     Texas  Woodpecker.    [396.] 

Picus  bairdi  MALHERBE,  Monogr.  Picid<§es,  I,  1861?,  118,  pi.  27,  figs.  7,  8. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  desert  region  from  southeastern  California  to 
central  Texas  and  from  southern  Nevada,  Utah,  and  Colorado  south  to  north- 
ern Mexico. 

c.  Dryobates    scalaris    lucasanus     (XANTUS).      San    Lucas    Woodpecker. 

[396a.] 

Picus  lucasanus  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  298.     (Cape 
San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  deserts  from  San  Gorgonio  Pass  in  southern  Cali- 
fornia south  to  southern  Lower  California. 

Dryobates  ntittalli  (GAMBEL).     Nuttall's  Woodpecker.     [397.] 

Picus  nuttalii  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  I,  1843,  259.     (Los 
Angeles,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  from  southwestern  Oregon  to 
northwestern  Lower  California,  west  of  the  Sierra. 

Dryobates  arizdnse  (HARGITT).     Arizona  Woodpecker.     [398.] 

Picus  arizonoe  HARGITT,  Ibis,  April,  1886,  115.     (Santa  Rita  Mountains, 
Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  in  mountains  from  southeastern 
Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico  south  through  the  Sierra 
Madre  to  Zacatecas. 


ORDER   PICI.  189 


GENUS  XENOPICUS  BAIRD. 

Xenopicus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  83.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Leuconerpes  albolarvatus  CASSIN. 

Xenopicus  albolarvatus  (CASSIN).     Wnite-headed  Woodpecker.     [399.] 

Leuconerpes  albolarvatus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1850, 
106.  (Oregon  Canon,  near  Georgetown,  12  miles  from  Slitter's  Mill, 
California.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  Zone  in  mountains  from  southern  British 
Columbia  to  southern  California,  east  to  eastern  Oregon,  western 
Idaho,  and  western  Nevada. 


GENUS  PICOIDES  LACEPEDE. 

Picoides  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  7.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Picus 
tridactylus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Picoides  arcticus  (SWAINSON).    Arctic  Three-toed  Woodpecker.    [400.] 

Picus  (Apternus)  arcticus  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832), 
313.  (Near  sources  of  Athabaska  River,  Lat.  53°  N.,  eastern  declivity 
of  Rocky  Mountains.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  Zone  of  northern  North  America  from  southern 
Alaska,  central  Yukon,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and 
southern  Ungava  south  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California  and  moun- 
tains of  Nevada,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  South  Dakota  (Black  Hills),  Minne- 
sota, Michigan,  northern  New  York,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and 
Maine;  casual  in  winter  to  Nebraska,  Illinois,  Ohio,  Massachusetts, 
and  Connecticut. 

Picoides  americanus  BREHM. 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  south  in  Rocky  Mountains  to 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

a.    Picoides     americanus     americanus     BREHM.      Three-toed  Woodpecker. 

[401.] 

Picoides  americanus  BREHM,  Handbuch  Vogel  Deutschl.,  1831,  195. 
("Amerika.") 


190  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Boreal  forests  from  central  Ungava  to  northern  Minnesota,  south- 
ern Ontario,  northern  New  York,  Maine,  and  New  Hampshire;  casual  in 
winter  to  Massachusetts. 

b.  Picoides  americanus  fasciatus  BAIRD.    Alaska  Three-toed  Woodpecker. 

[401  a.] 

Picoides  americanus  var.  fasciatus  BAIRD,  in  COOPER,  Geol.  Surv.  Calif., 
Orn.,  I,  1870,  385.     (Fort  Simpson,  Mackenzie  River.) 

RANGE. —  Hudsonian  and  Canadian  zones  in  Alaska,  Mackenzie,  and 
Keewatin  south  to  southern  British  Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  and  south- 
western Keewatin. 

c.  Picoides   americanus   dorsalis   BAIRD.    Alpine   Three-toed   Woodpecker. 

[4016.] 

Picoides  dorsalis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  100. 
(Laramie  Peak,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  forests  of  Rocky  Mountains  region  from  Montana  and 
Idaho  to  high  mountains  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 


GENUS  SPHYRAPICUS  BAIRD. 

Sphyrapicus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  101.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Picus  varius  LINN^US. 

Sphyrapicus  varius  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America  from  near  tree  limit  south,  in 
winter,  to  Central  America. 

a.  Sphyrapicus  varius  varius  (LINNJSUS).    Yellow-bellied  Sapsucker.    [402.] 
Picus  varius  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  176.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  upper  part  of 
Alleghanian  Zone  from  southwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  central 
Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  central  Alberta,  northern  Missouri, 
northern  Indiana,  northern  Ohio,  North  Carolina  (mountains),  and  Massa- 
chusetts (mountains  of  northern  Berkshire  County);  winters  from  Penn- 
sylvania and  Ohio  Valley  (casually  further  north)  to  the  Gulf  coast,  Bahamas, 
Cuba,  western  Mexico  (Jalisco),  and  Costa  Rica;  casual  in  Wyoming. 

b.  Sphyrapicus  varius  nuchdlis  BAIRD.    Red-naped  Sapsucker.    [402o] 

Sphyrapicus  varius  var.  nuchalis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac., 
IX,  1858,  103.     (Mimbres  River,  New  Mexico.) 


ORDER   PIC1.  191 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  and  Transition  zones 
from  central  British  Columbia  and  southern  Alberta  south  to  northeastern 
California,  central  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas;  winters  south  to  west 
central  Mexico;  casual  in  Kansas  and  southern  Lower  California. 

Sphyrapicus  ruber  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America,  mainly  west  of  the  coast  ranges. 

a.  Sphyrapicus  ruber  ruber  (GMELIN).    Red-breasted  Sapsucker.    [403.] 
Picus  ruber  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  429.     ("Cayenne"  =  Pacific 

coast  of  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  from  northern 
California  to  mountains  of  southern  California,  east  to  the  western  slope  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada ;  in  winter  south  to  southern  Lower  California. 

b.  Sphyrapicus   ruber   notke'nsis    (Sucxow).    Northern   Red-breasted   Sap- 

sucker.    [403o.] 

Picus  ruber  notkensis  SUCKOWJ  Anfangsgr.  Nat.  Thiere,  II,  i,  1800,  535. 
(Nootka  Sound,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Canadian  and  Transition  forests  of  the  Northwest  coast 
from  Skagway,  Alaska,  to  Siskiyou  Mountains,  northern  California,  east  to 
eastern  slope  of  Cascades ;  in  winter  south  to  Monterey,  California. 

Sphyrapicus  thyroideus  (CASSIN).     Williamson's  Sapsucker.     [404.] 

Picus  thyroideus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,   1852,  349. 
(California.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  mountain  forests  of  western  North  America. 
Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  Montana  south  to  southern 
California,  central  Arizona,  and  central  New  Mexico;  winters  in 
southern  California,  New  Mexico,  western  Texas,  and  south  to  Jalisco, 
Mexico. 


GENUS  PHLCEOTOMUS  CABANIS  &  HEINE. 

Phloeotomus  CABANIS  &  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  IV,  ii,  1863,  102.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Picus  pileatus  LINN.EUS. 

Phlceotomus  pileatus  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Wooded  regions  of  North  America,  mainly  east  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 


192  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.    Phlceotomus  pileatus  pileatus  (LINN^US).     Pileated  Woodpecker.    [405.] 
Picus  pileatus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  113.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  forests  of  southern  United  States  from  North 
Carolina  south  and  west  to  middle  Texas  and  western  Oklahoma ;  casual  in 
the  Bahamas. 

6.     Phloeotomus  pileatus  abieticola  (BANGS).    Northern  Pileated  Woodpecker. 

[405a.] 

CeophloBus  pileatus  abieticola  BANGS,  Auk,  XV,  April,  1898,  176.     (Green- 
ville, Maine.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zone  forests  of  North  America  from 
northeastern  British  Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin, 
central  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  to  the  southern  Sierra  Nevada  of  Cali- 
fornia, northern  New  Mexico,  and  the  southern  Alleghenies. 

GENUS  MELANERPES  SWAINSON. 

Melanerpes  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  316.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Picus  erythrocephalus  LINN^US. 

Melanerpes   erythrocephalus    (LiNN^us).     Red-headed   Woodpecker. 
[406.] 

Picus  erythrocephalus  LINNJSUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  113.     (Caro- 
lina.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Austral  zones  from  southeastern  British 
Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  Manitoba,  and  Ontario  south  to  the  Gulf 
coast,  and  from  central  Montana,  central  Colorado,  and  central  Texas 
east  to  valleys  of  the  Hudson  and  Delaware;  rare  and  local  in  New 
England;  casual  in  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Utah,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
New  Brunswick;  irregularly  migratory  in  the  northern  parts  of  its 
range. 

Melanerpes  formicivorus  (SWAINSON). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  Oregon  and  western  Texas 
to  Panama. 

a.    Melanerpes  formicivorus  formicivorus   (SWAINSON).    Ant- eating  Wood- 
pecker.    [407.] 

Picus  formicivorus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  439.     (Tem- 
ascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  northern  Arizona, 
northern  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas  south  through  Mexico  to  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec. 


ORDER   PICI.  193 

b.  Melanerpes     formicivorus     bafrdi     RIDGWAY.     California    Woodpecker. 

[407  a.] 

Melanerpes  formicivorus  bairdi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  21, 
1881,  34,  85.     (Petaluma,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  and  lower  part  of  Transition  zones  of  the  Pacific 
coast  region  from  northwestern  Oregon  south  to  northern  Lower  California. 

c.  Melanerpes    formicivorus    angustifrons    BAIRD.    Narrow-fronted   Wood- 

pecker.   [4076.] 

Melanerpes  formicivorus  var.  angustifrons  BAIRD,  in  COOPER,  Geol.  Surv. 
Calif.,  Orn.,  I,  1870,  405.     (Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 

GENUS  ASYNDESMUS  COUES. 

Asyndesmus  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  55.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Picus  torqiiatus  WILSON  —  Asyndesmus  lewisi  RILEY. 

Asyndesmus  lewisi  RILEY.     Lewis's  Woodpecker.    [408.] 

Asyndesmus  lewisi  RILEY,  Proc.  Biol.    Soc.    Wash.,   XVIII,  1905,  225. 
(Montana,  about  Lat.  46°  N.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  Zone  from  southern  British  Columbia  and 
southern  Alberta  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  and  from  the  inner 
coast  ranges  of  California  to  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  and 
western  Nebraska;  in  winter  to  southern  California,  western  Texas, 
and  Chihuahua,  Mexico;  casual  in  western  Kansas. 


GENUS  CENTURUS  SWAINSON. 

Centurus  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  II,  1837,  310.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Picus  carolinus  LINNAEUS. 

Centurus  carolinus  (LINNAEUS).     Red-bellied  Woodpecker.     [409.] 

Picus  carolinus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  113.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Austral  zones  of  eastern  United  States 
from  southeastern  South  Dakota,  southeastern  Minnesota,  south- 
western Ontario,  western  New  York,  southwestern  Pennsylvania,  and 
Delaware  south  to  central  Texas  and  the  Gulf  coast;  casual  north 
to  Colorado  and  Massachusetts. 


194  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Centurus  aurifrons  (WAGLER).     Golden-fronted  Woodpecker.     [410.] 
Picus  aurifrons  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXII,  1829,  512.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Central  northern  Texas  south  to  Valley  of  Mexico. 

Centurus  uropygialis  BAIRD.     Gila  Woodpecker.     [411.] 

Centurus  uropygialis  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854,  120. 
(Bill  Williams  Fork  of  Colorado  River,  Arizona.) 

RANGE.—  Lower  part  of  Dower  Sonoran  Zone  from  the  Colorado 
Valley  in  southeastern  California  and  the  extreme  southeastern 
corner  of  Nevada  east  through  southern  Arizona  and  southwestern 
New  Mexico,  and  south  through  Lower  California  and  western  Mexico 
to  Tepic. 

GENUS  GOLAPTES  VIGORS. 

Colaptes  VIGORS,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  XIV,  Pt.  iii,  1825,  457  (note). 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Cuculus  auratus  LINN^JUS. 

Colaptes  auratus  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  from  tree  limit  south  to  the 
Gulf  coast. 

a.  Colaptes  auratus  auratus  (LINNJEUS).    Flicker.    [412.] 

Cuculus  auratus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  1,  1758,  112.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from 
North  Carolina  and  southern  Illinois  to  southern  Florida  and  central  Texas. 

b.  Colaptes  auratus  luteus  BANGS.    Northern  Flicker.    [412a.] 

Colaptes  auratus  luteus  BANGS,  Auk,  XV,  April,  1898,  177.     (Watertown, 

Mass.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  tree  limit 
in  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  southern 
Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south,  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  to  northern 
edge  of  Austroriparian  Zone;  occasional  on  Pacific  slope  from  California  north- 
ward; accidental  in  Greenland;  migratory  through  most  of  Canada  but  more 
or  less  regularly  resident  within  the  United  States,  except  the  extreme  northern 
parts ;  south  in  winter  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  southern  Texas. 


ORDER   PICI.  195 


Colaptes  cafer  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  southern  Alaska  and 
central  British  Columbia  south  to  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

a.     [Colaptes  cafer  cafer.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Colaptes  cafer  collaris  VIGORS.    Red-shafted  Flicker.    [413.] 

Colaptes  collaris  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  IV,  1829,  354.     (Monterey,  Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountains  and  Pacific  coast  region  from  central  British 
Columbia,  central  Alberta,  and  southwestern  Saskatchewan  south  to  northern 
border  of  Mexico,  west  to  coast  ranges  of  Washington  and  Oregon  and  to 
Pacific  coast  from  northern  California  south  to  Lower  California  and  north- 
western Mexico,  and  east  to  western  Texas,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  and  South 
Dakota;  casual  in  northern  Alberta  and  Manitoba. 

c.    Colaptes  cafer  satur£tior  RIDGWAY.    Northwestern  Flicker.    [413a.] 

Colaptes  mexicanus  saturatior  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  II,  April 

10,  1884,  90.     (Neah  Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  Zone  of  Northwest  coast  from  Sitka,  Alaska, 
to  northern  California. 

Colaptes  chrysoides  (MALHERBE).     Gilded  Flicker.     [414.] 

Geopicus  (Colaptes)  chrysoides  MALHERBE,  Revue  et  Mag.  Zool.,  IV,  1852, 
553.     (America.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southeastern  California  and 
southern  Arizona  south  through  Lower  California  and  southern  Sonora. 

Colaptes  runpfleus  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  Flicker.     [415.] 

Colaptes  mexicanus  rufipileus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr., 

11,  No.  2,  April,  1876,  191.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 


196  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


ORDER  MACKOCHIRES.     GOATSUCKERS, 
SWIFTS,  ETC. 

SUBORDER  CAPRIMULGI.    GOATSUCKERS,  ETC. 

FAMILY  GAPRIMULGIDJE.     GOATSUCKERS,  ETC. 
GENUS  ANTROSTOMUS  BONAPARTE. 

Antrostomus  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  8.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Caprimulgus  carolinensis  GMELIN  (Gray,  1840.) 

Antrdstomus  carolinensis  (GMELIN).     Chuck-will' s-widow.     [416.] 

Caprimulgus  carolinensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789, 1028.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Austroripariari  Zone  from  Missouri,  Indiana,  southern  Ohio, 
and  southern  Virginia  south  to  central  Texas  and  Gulf  States;  casual 
in  Kansas  and  Maryland;  accidental  in  Massachusetts  and  Ontario; 
migrates  through  eastern  Mexico;  winters  from  southern  Florida  to 
Greater  Antilles,  Central  America,  and  Colombia. 

Antrostomus  vociferus  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  Southern  Canada  south,  east  of  Rocky  Mountains,  to 
Gulf  coast,  and  to  southern  Arizona  and  tableland  of  Mexico;  in 
winter  south  to  Salvador. 

a.    Antrostomus  vociferus  vociferus  (WILSON).    Whip-poor-will.    [417.] 

Caprimulgus  vociferus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  V,  1812,  71,  pi.  41,  figs.  1-3. 
(Eastern  United  States  [probably  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.].) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Manitoba,  southern 
Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  northern  parts  of 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Georgia,  and  from  eastern  North  Dakota,  Ne- 
braska, and  Kansas  eastward;  winters  from  the  lowlands  of  South  Carolina 
and  the  southern  parts  of  the  Gulf  States  to  British  Honduras  and  Salvador. 


ORDER  MACROCHIRES.  197 

6.    Antrostomus    vociferus    macromystax    (WAGLER).    Stephens 's      Whip- 
poor-will.     [417a.] 

Caprimulgus  macromystax  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXIV,  1831,  533.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  southwestern  Texas  south 
through  the  mountains  of  northern  Mexico;  in  winter  south  to  Guatemala. 


GENUS  PHAL-fflNOPTILUS  RIDGWAY. 

Phalcenoptilus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Ill,  1880,  5.  Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Caprimulgus  nuttallii  AUDUBON. 

Phalaenoptilus  nuttalli  (AUDUBON). 

RANGE. —  Central  and  western  North  America  from  the  Plains 
westward  to  California,  and  from  southeastern  British  Columbia 
south,  in  winter,  to  central  Mexico. 

a.  Phalanoptilus  nuttalli  nuttalli  (AUDUBON).    Poor-will.    [418.§ 

Caprimulgus  nuttallii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VII,  1844,  350,  pi.  495. 
(Upper  Missouri,  between  Fort  Pierre  and  mouth  of  Cheyenne  River, 
South  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Son- 
oran  zones  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  northwestern  North  Dakota, 
and  southern  South  Dakota  south  to  southern  Arizona,  northern  Coahuila, 
and  southern  Texas;  west  to  eastern  California  east  of  the  Sierra;  winters 
from  southeastern  California  and  southern  Texas  to  central  Mexico. 

b.  Phalaenoptilus  nuttalli  nitidua  BREWSTER.     Frosted  Poor-will.     [418a.] 

Phalcenoptilus  nuttalli  nitidus  BREWSTER,  Auk,  IV,  April,  1887,  147. 
(Nueces  River,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Western  Kansas  south  to  Coahuila,  west  to  Arizona  and  the 
Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 

c.  Phalsenoptilus  nuttalli  californicus  RIDGWAY.    Dusky  Poor-will.    [4186.] 

Phalcenoptilus  nuttalli  californicus  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887, 
588  (note).  (Nicasio,  California.) 

RANGE. —  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  from  about  latitude  40°  south 
to  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California.  Breeds  in  Transition 
and  Upper  Sonoran  zones. 


198  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  NYCTIDROMUS  GOULD. 

Nyctidromus  GOULD,  Icones  Avium,  Pt.  II,  Aug.,  1838,  pi.  xii.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Nyctidromus  derbyanus  GOULD  =  Caprimulgus  albicollis 
G  ME  LIN. 

Nyctidromus  albicollis  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas  south  to  Argentina. 

a.  [Nyctidromus  albicollis  albicollis.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Nyctidromus  albicollis  m&rilli  SENNETT.    Merrill's  Parauque.    [419.] 

Nyctidromus  albicollis  merrilli  SENNETT,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  44.  (Nueces 
River,  Nueces  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas  (mainly  Rio  Grande  Valley)  south  to  northern 
Vera  Cruz ;  in  winter  along  the  Gulf  coast  to  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec. 

GENUS  GHORDEILES  SWAINSON. 

Chordeiles  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  496.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Caprimulgus  virginianus  GMELIN. 

Chordeiles  virginianus  (GMELIN). 

RANOE. —  North  America,  south  in  migration  through  the  West 
Indies  and  Central  America  to  Argentina. 

a.  Chordeiles  virginianus  virginianus  (GMELIN).    Nighthawk.    [420.] 
Caprimulgus  virginianus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  1028.     (Virginia.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Yukon,  central 
Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to 
northern  parts  of  Gulf  States  and  west  to  edge  of  Plains  from  Minnesota  to 
northeastern  Texas ;  migrates  through  the  Greater  Antilles  and  Central  Amer- 
ica ;  winters  in  South  America  from  Brazil  to  Argentina. 

b.  Chordeiles  virginianus  h€nryi  CASSIN.    Western  Nighthawk.    [420a.] 

Chordeiles  henryi  CASSIN,  Illustr.  Birds  Calif.,  Texas,  etc.,  1855,  239. 
(Fort  Webster,  New  Mexico.) 


ORDER   MACROCHIRES.  199 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southeastern  British 
Columbia,  Alberta,  and  southwestern  Saskatchewan  south  to  southern  Texas 
and  mountains  of  northern  Mexico;  winters  in  South  America. 

c.     Chordeiles  virginianus  chapman!  COUES.    Florida  Nighthawk.    [4206.] 

Chordiles  popetue  chapmani  COUES,   Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  37.     (Gaines- 
ville, Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  the  Gulf  coast  belt  from  eastern  Texas  to  Florida; 
winter  range  unknown. 

'./.    Chordeiles  virginianus  sennetti  COUES.    Bennett's  Nighthawk.    [420 c.] 

Chordiles  popetue  sennetti  COUES,  Auk,  V,   Jan.,  1888,  37.      (50  miles 
west  of  Pembina,  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  on  treeless  plains  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba  south 
to  central  Nebraska;  in  migration  to  Texas;  occasional  in  Iowa,  Wisconsin, 
and  Illinois;  winter  range  unknown,  probably  in  South  America. 

e.    Chordeiles  virginianus  hesperis  GRINNELL.    Pacific  Nighthawk.    [420rf.] 

Chordeiles  virginianus  hesperis  GRINNELL,  Condor,  VII,  1905,  170.     (Bear 
Lake,  6700  feet,  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  southwestern  British  Columbia  south  along  the  coast 
to  northern  California  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  south  to  the  San  Bernardino 
Mountains,  southern  California ;  winter  home  unknown. 


Chordeiles  acutipennis  (BODDAERT). 

RANGE. —  California,  Utah,  and  Texas  south  through  the  greater 
part  of  South  America. 

a.  [Chordeiles  acutipennis  acutipennis.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Chordeiles  acutipennis  texensis  LAWRENCE.     Texas  Nighthawk.     [421.] 

Chordeiles  texensis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VI,  1857,  167. 
(Rio  Grande,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  central  California,  southern 
Nevada,  southern  Utah,  and  southern  Texas  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas  and 
southern  Mexico;  winters  south  of  the  United  States  to  Panama. 


200  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

SUBORDER  CYPSELL    SWIFTS. 

FAMILY  MICROPODIDJE.     SWIFTS. 
SUBFAMILY  CHJETURIN.fi.     SPINE-TAILED  SWIFTS. 

GENUS  CYPSELOIDES  STREUBEL. 

Cypseloides  STREUBEL,  Isis,  1848,  366.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Hemi- 
procne  fumigata  STREUBEL  (Sclater,  1865). 

Cypseloides  niger  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America,  the  West  Indies,  and  northern 
South  America. 

a.  [Cypseloides  niger  niger.    Extralimital.J 

b.  Cypseloides  niger  bore&lis  (KENNERLY).     Black  Swift.    [422.] 

Cypselus  borealis  KENNERLY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1857,  202. 
(Simiahmoo  Bay,  Puget  Sound,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia 
and  southern  Colorado  south  to  central  Mexico;  winters  in  southern  Mexico. 

GENUS  CHJETTJRA  STEPHENS. 

Chcetura  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  XIII,  ii,  1826,  76.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Hirundo  pelagica  LINN.EUS  (Baird,  1858). 

Chsettira  pelagica  (LINNAEUS).     Chimney  Swift.    [423.] 

Hirundo  pelagica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  192.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  eastern  North  America  from  southeastern  Sas- 
katchewan, Manitoba,  central  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to 
the  Gulf  coast,  and  west  to  the  Plains  from  eastern  Montana  to  eastern 
Texas;  winters  south  of  the  United  States,  at  least  to  Vera  Cruz  and 
Cozumel  Island  and  probably  in  Central  America;  casual  in  southern 
Alberta;  accidental  in  New  Mexico  and  Greenland. 


ORDER  MACROCHIRES.  201 

Chaetura  vauxi  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Vaux's  Swift.     [424.] 

Cypcelus  vauxi  TOWNSEND,  Narr.  Journ.  Rocky  Mts.,  April,  1839,  348. 
(Columbia  River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia  to  Santa  Cruz 
Mountains,  California;  rare  or  casual  east  of  the  Cascades  and  the 
Sierra;  migrates  through  Lower  California  and  Arizona  and  winters 
in  Central  America  south  to  Guatemala. 


SUBFAMILY  MICROPODIN^!.     TYPICAL  SWIFTS. 
GENUS  AERONAUTES  HARTERT. 

Aeronautes  HARTERT,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  XVI,  1892,  459.  Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Cypselus  melanoleucus  BAIRD. 

Aeronautes  melanoleucus  (BAIRD).     White-throated  Swift.     [425.] 

Cypselus  melanoleucus  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854, 
118.  (Camp  123,  on  Bill  Williams  River,  [west  of  Ives  Peak,  Lat. 
34°  15'  N.],  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  southern 
Alberta  south  to  Lower  California  and  Guatemala,  and  from  the 
Pacific  coast  east  to  the  Black  Hills  and  western  Nebraska;  winters 
from  southern  California  southward. 


SUBORDER  TROCHILI.    HUMMINGBIRDS. 

FAMILY  TROGHILIDJE.     HUMMINGBIRDS. 

GENUS  EUGENES  GOULD. 

Eugenes  GOULD,  Monogr.  Trochil.,  II,  1856,  pi.  59.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Trochilus  fulgens  SWAINSON. 

Eugenes  fulgens  (SWAINSON).     Rivoli's  Hummingbird.     [426.] 

Trochilus  fulgens  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  441.     (Temas- 
caltepec,  Mexico.) 


202  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southeastern  Arizona,  southwestern  New 
Mexico,  Mexico,  and  Central  America  south  to  Nicaragua. 


GENUS  CYANOLJEMUS  STONE. 

Cyanolcemus  STONE,  Auk,  XXIV,  April,  1907,  197.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Ornismya  clemencice  LESSON. 

Cyanolsemus     clemenciae     (LESSON).      Blue-throated    Hummingbird. 

[427.] 

Ornismya  clemencice  LESSON,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.-Mouch.,  1829,  xlv,  216,  pi.  80. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains    of    southern    Arizona,    southwestern    New 
Mexico,  extreme  western  Texas,  and  Mexico  to  Oaxaca. 


GENUS  ARCHILOCHUS  REICHENBACH. 

Archilochus  REICHENBACH,    Journ.    fur    Orn.,    1853,    Extra-Heft,    1854 
(Aufz.   der  Colib.),    13.     Type,    by  monotypy,    Trochilus    alexandri 

BOURCIER   &  MULSANT. 

Archilochus  colubris  (LINNAEUS).     Ruby-throated  Hummingbird.   [428.] 

Trochilus  colubris  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  120.     (Carolina 
to  New  England.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southeastern  Sas- 
katchewan, central  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  Gulf 
coast  and  Florida,  west  to  North  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  and 
central  Texas;  winters  from  middle  and  southern  Florida  and  Louis- 
iana through  southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Panama;  casual 
in  Cuba  in  migration. 

Archilochus     alexandri     (BOURCIER     &    MULSANT).     Black-chinned 
Hummingbird.     [429.] 

Trochilus  alexandri  BOURCIER  &  MULSANT,  Ann.  Soc.  Agric.  Lyons,  IX, 
1846,  330.     (Sierra  Madre,  Mexico.) 


ORDER   MACROCHIRES.  203 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  British  Columbia  to  northern  Lower 
California  and  northern  Mexico  and  from  the  Pacific  to  western  Mon- 
tana and  central  Texas;  winters  in  western  Mexico  south  to  Guerrero. 


GENUS  CALYPTE  GOULD. 

Calypte  GOULD,  Monogr.  Trochil.,  Ill,  1856,  pi.  134.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Ornismya  costoe  BOURCIER  (Elliot,  1879). 

Calypte  costae  (BOURCIER).     Costa's  Hummingbird.     [430.] 

Ornismya  costce  BOURCIER,  Revue  Zool.,  II,   1839,  294.     (California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southern  California 
and  southwestern  Utah  south  to  southern  Lower  California  and 
southern  New  Mexico;  winters  in  Lower  California  and  northwestern 
Mexico. 

Calypte  anna  (LESSON).     Anna's  Hummingbird.     [431.] 

Ornismya  anna  LESSON,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.-Mouch.,  1829,  xxxi,  205,  pi.  74. 
(California.) 

RANGE. —  California,  chiefly  west  of  the  Sierra,  and  Lower  Cali- 
fornia; migratory  in  southern  Arizona;  casual  on  Guadalupe  Island. 


GENUS  SELASPHORUS  SWAINSON. 

Selaspharus  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  324.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Trochilus  rufus  GMELIN  (Gray,  1855). 

Selasphorus    platycercus    (SWAINSON).     Broad-tailed    Hummingbird. 

[432.] 

Trochiliis  platycercus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  441.     (Mex- 
ico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Idaho 
and  southern  Wyoming  to  the  Valley  of  Mexico,  and  from  western 
Nevada  to  western  Nebraska  and  western  Texas;  winters  in  Mexico 
south  to  Guatemala. 


204  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Selasphorus  rufus  (GMELIN).     Rufous  Hummingbird.     [433.] 

Trochilus  rufus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  497.     (Nootka  Sound, 
Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Canadian  zones  of  western 
North  America  from  the  coast  of  Alaska  (lat.  61°),  east  central  British 
Columbia,  and  southern  Alberta  south  to  higher  mountains  of  central 
California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico;  winters  in  southern  Mexico; 
in  migration  east  to  Wyoming,  eastern  Colorado,  and  western  Texas. 

Selasphorus  illeni  HENSHAW.     Allen's  Hummingbird.    [434.] 

Selasphorus  atteni  HENSHAW,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  II,  July,  1877,  53. 
(Nicasio,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  from  southern  British 
Columbia  to  northern  Lower  California;  winters  in  northern  Lower 
California  and  Sonora,  Mexico;  accidental  in  southern  Arizona. 


GENUS  ATTHIS  REICHENBACH. 

Atthis  REICHENBACH,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1853,  Extra-Heft,  1854  (Aufz. 
der  Colib.),  12.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Ornismya  heloisa  LESSON  & 
DE  LATTRE  (Gray,  1855). 

Atthis  morcomi  RIDGWAY.     Morcom's  Hummingbird.     [435.] 

Atthis  morcomi  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  Oct.,  1898,  325.  (Huachuca  Mount- 
ains, Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Huachuca    Mountains,    Arizona    (only    two    specimens 
known). 

GENUS  STELLULA  GOULD. 

Stellula  GOULD,  Introd.  Trochil.,  1861,  90.  Type,  by  monotypy,  Trochilu* 
calliope  GOULD. 

Stellula  calliope  (GOULD).     Calliope  Hummingbird.     [436.] 

Trochilus  (Calothorax)  calliope  GOULD,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1847,  11. 
(Real  del  Monte,  Hidalgo,  Mexico.) 


ORDER  MACROCHIRES.  205 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  mountains  of  Canadian  Zone  from  southern 
British  Columbia  and  southern  Alberta  to  southern  California  and 
northern  New  Mexico;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Guerrero;  casual 
in  Wyoming  and  Colorado. 


GENUS  CALOTHORAX  GRAY. 

Calothorax  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  1840, 13.      Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Cynan- 
thus  lucifer  SWAINSON. 

Calothorax  lucifer  (SWAINSON).     Lucifer  Hummingbird.     [437.] 

Cynanthus  lucifer  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  442.     (Temas- 
caltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  western  Texas  south  to  the  City 
of  Mexico,  Puebla,  and  Chiapas;  winters  in  Mexico. 


GENUS  AMIZILIS  GRAY. 

Amizilis  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  1840,  14.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Ortho- 
rhynchus  amazili  LESSON  (Gray,  1855). 

Amizilis  tzacatl  (DE  LA  LLAVE).     Rieffer's  Hummingbird.     [438.] 

Trochilus  tzacatl  DE  LA  LLAVE,  Registro  Trimestre,  II,  1833,  48.     (Mex- 
ico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  in  Texas  south  to  Venezuela. 

Amizilis  cerviniventris  GOULD. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Mexico  north  to  Corpus  Christi,  Texas. 

a.  [Amizilis  cerviniventris  cerviniventris.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Amizilis  cerviniventris  chalcondta  OBERHOLSER.     Buff-bellied  Humming- 

bird.    [439.] 

Amazilia  cerviniventris  chalconota  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XV,  Jan.,  1898,  32. 
("Beeville"  =  Brownsville,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  in  Texas  south  to  southern  Tamaulipas. 


206  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  URANOMITRA  REICHENBACH. 

Uranomitra  REICHENBACH,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1853,  Extra-Heft,  1854 
(Aufz.  der  Colib.),  10.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Trochilus  francice 
BOURCIER  &  MULSANT  (Elliot,  1878). 

Uranomitra  salvini  (BREWSTER).     Salvin's  Hummingbird.     [439.1.] 

Cyanomyia  salvini  BREWSTER,  Auk,  X,  July,  1893,  214.  (Nacosari, 
Sonora,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Huachuca    Mountains,    Arizona,    and    eastern    Sonora 
(only  two  specimens  known). 


GENUS  BASILINNA  BOIE. 

Basilinna  BOIE,  Isis,  XXIV,  1831,  546.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Trochilus 
leucotis  VIEILLOT  (Gray,  1855). 

Basilinna  xantusi  (LAWRENCE).     Xantus's  Hummingbird.     [440.] 

Amazilia  xantusii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VII,  1860,  109. 
(Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California,  rarely  north  to  latitude  29°. 

Basilinna  leucotis  (VIEILLOT).     White-eared  Hummingbird.     [440.1.] 

Trochilus  leucotis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXIII,  1818,  428. 
("Br&il"  =  Mexico?) 

RANGE. —  Chiricahua,  Huachuca,  and   Santa   Rita   mountains  of 
southeastern  Arizona  south  to  Nicaragua. 


GENUS  CYNANTHUS  SWAINSON. 

Cynanthus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  441.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Cynanthus  latirostris  SWAINSON  (Stone,  1907). 

Cynanthus  latirostris  SWAINSON.     Broad-billed  Hummingbird.    [441.] 

Cynanthus  latirostris  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  441. 
("Table  land?  "  of  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico  south 
to  the  City  of  Mexico. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  207 


ORDER  PASSEEES.     PERCHING  BIRDS. 


SUBORDER    CLAMATORES.      SONGLESS    PERCHING 

BIRDS. 

[FAMILY  COTINGID^.     COTINGAS. 

GENUS  PLATYPSARIS  SCLATER. 

Platypsaris  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857,  72.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Pachyramphus  latirostris  BONAPARTE. 

Platypsaris  aglaiae  (LAFRESNAYE). 

RANGE. —  Southern   border '  of   Arizona   to    Mexico   and   Central 
America. 

a.  [Platypsaris  aglaiae  aglaiae.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Platypsaris  aglaiae  albivSntris  (LAWRENCE).    Xantus's  Becard.    [441.1.] 

Hadrostomus  albiventris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VIII,  1867, 
475.     (Plains  of  Colima,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Huachuca  Mountains,  Arizona   (one  specimen)  south   through 
western  Mexico  to  Oaxaca;   also  Nuevo  Leon.] 


FAMILY  TYRANNID^E.     TYRANT  FLYCATCHERS. 

GENUS  MUSCIVORA  LACEPEDE. 

Muscivora  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,  1799,  5.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Muscicapa  forficata  GMELIN  (Fischer,  1813). 

[Muscivora  tyrannus  (LINNJSUS).     Fork-tailed  Flycatcher.    [442.] 

Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12, 1,  1766, 325.    (Cayenne.) 


208  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Southern  Mexico  to  northern  Patagonia;  accidental  in 
Mississippi,  Kentucky,  New  Jersey,  Maine,  arid  Bermuda.] 

Muscivora  forficata  (GMELIN).    Scissor-tailed  Flycatcher.     [443.] 
Muscicapaforficata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  931.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  southern  Kansas  to  southern  Texas,  casually 
to  southwestern  Missouri,  western  Arkansas,  and  western  Louisiana; 
winters  from  southern  Mexico  to  Panama;  accidental  locally  from 
Colorado,  Keewatin,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  Florida. 


GENUS  TYRANNUS  LACEPEDE. 

Tyrannus  LACEPEDE,  Tableaux  Ois.,   1799,  5.     Type,  by  tautonymy, 
Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Tyrannus  tyrannus  (LINNAEUS).     Kingbird.     [444.] 

Lanius  tyrannus  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  94.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  southern 
British  Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  northern 
Ontario,  central  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  central  Oregon, 
northern  New  Mexico,  central  Texas,  and  central  Florida;  winters 
from  southern  Mexico  to  Colombia,  British  Guiana,  Peru,  and  Bolivia ; 
casual  in  Cuba  in  migration;  accidental  in  Greenland. 

Tyrannus  dominicSnsis  (GMELIN).     Gray  Kingbird.     [445.] 

Lanius  dominicensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  302.    (Santo  Domingo.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  Georgia,  southeastern  South  Carolina, 
Florida,  and  Yucatan  through  the  Bahamas  and  West  Indies  to 
northern  South  America;  winters  from  Jamaica  and  Haiti  southward. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  VIEILLOT. 

RANGE. —  South  America,  Central  America,  and  Mexico,  north  to 
Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley. 

a.    [Tyrannus  melancholicus  melancholicus.    Extralimital.] 


ORDER   PASSERES.  209 

6.     Tyrannus  melancholicus  couchi  BAIRD.     Couch's  Kingbird.     [446.] 

Tyrannus  couchii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  175. 
(Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  south  in  northeastern 
Mexico  to  Vera  Cruz  and  Puebla;  winters  in  Mexico. 

Tyrannus  verticalis  SAY.     Arkansas  Kingbird.    [447.] 

Tyrannus  verticalis  SAY,  in  LONG'S  Exped.,  II,  1823,  60  (note).     (Near 
La  Junta,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Sonoran 
zones,  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  and  southern 
Saskatchewan  south  to  northern  Lower  California  and  Chihuahua, 
east  to  western  Minnesota,  western  Iowa,  central  Kansas,  and  western 
Texas;  winters  from  western  Mexico  to  Guatemala;  casual  in  Mani- 
toba; accidental  in  Missouri,  Wisconsin,  Maine,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  and  Maryland. 

Tyrannus  vociferans  SWAINSON.     Cassin's  Kingbird.    [448.] 

Tyrannus   vociferans   SWAINSON,    Quart.    Journ.    Sci.,    XX,    1826,    273. 
(Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Upper  and  Lower 
Sonoran  zones  from  central  California  and  southern  Wyoming  south 
to  Michoacan  and  Jalisco,  Mexico,  and  east  to  eastern  Colorado,  New 
Mexico,  and  western  Texas;  winters  from  southern  California  and 
northern  Mexico  to  Guatemala;  casual  in  Oregon  and  northern 
California. 


GENUS  PITANGUS  SWAINSON. 

Pitangus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1827,  165.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Tyrannus  sulphuratus  VIEILLOT  =  Lanius  sulphuratus  LINN^JUS. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Mexico,  Central  and  South 
America  to  Bolivia  and  Argentina. 


210  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.  [Pitangus  sulphuratus  sulphuratus.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Pitangus  sulphuratus  derbi&nus  (KAUP).    Derby  Flycatcher.    [449.] 

Saurophagus  derbianus  KAUP,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1851  (Oct.,  1852), 
44,  pi.  xxxvi.     (Zacatecas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  south  to  Costa  Rica. 

GENUS  MYIODYNASTES  BONAPARTE. 

Myiodynasles  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  II,   1857,  35. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Muscicapa  audax  GMELIN. 

Myiodynastes    luteiventris    SCLATER.       Sulphur-bellied    Flycatcher. 
[451.] 

Myiodynastes  luteiventris  SCLATER,  Proc.   Zool.  Soc.   Lond.,   1859,  42. 
(Orizaba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southeastern  Arizona  south  to  Panama; 
winters  south  of  the  United  States. 


GENUS  MYIARCHUS  CABANIS. 

Myiarchus  CABANIS,  Archiv  fur  Naturg.,  1844,  I,  272.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Muscicapa  fer ox  GMELIN  (Gray,  1855). 

Myiarchus  crinitus  (LINNAEUS).     Crested  Flycatcher.    [452.] 

Turdus  crinitus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  170.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
from  upper  edge  of  Transition  Zone  in  southern  Manitoba,  central 
Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  southern 
Texas  and  southern  Florida;  winters  from  eastern  and  southern 
Mexico  to  Panama  and  Colombia;  accidental  in  Wyoming  and  Cuba. 

Myiarchus  magister  RIDGWAY. 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  border  of  the  United  States  south  to  Central 
America. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  211 

a.  Myiarchus  magister    magister    RIDGWAY.     Arizona   Crested   Flycatcher. 

[453.] 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  magister  RIDGWAY,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash.,   II, 
April  10,  1884,  90.     (Camp  Lowell,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico  south  through 
western  Mexico  to  Oaxaca  and  Chiapas. 

b.  Myiarchus    magister    nelsoni    RIDGWAY.    Mexican    Crested    Flycatcher. 

[453a.] 

Myiarchus  magister  nelsoni  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Pt. 
4,  1907,  903.     (Alta  Mira,  Tamaulipas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  south  through  eastern  and 
southern  Mexico  to  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Salvador. 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  (LAWRENCE). 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  south  to  Lower  California,  Mexico, 
and  Guatemala. 

a.  Myiarchus  cinerascens  cinerascens  (LAWRENCE).    Ash-throated  Flycatcher. 

[454.] 

Tyrannula  cinerascens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  1851,  121. 
(Between  San  Antonio  and  the  Rio  Grande,  western  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  Washington, 
northern  Utah,  central  Colorado,  and  central  Texas  to  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Sinaloa,  Durango,  and  Tamaulipas;  accidental  in  northern  Wyoming 
and  northern  Colorado;  winters  south  to  Guatemala  and  Yucatan. 

b.  Myiarchus  cinerascens    pertinai    BAIRD.    Lower  California  Flycatcher. 

[4546.] 

Myiarchus  pertinax  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  303.     (Cape 
San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  half  of  Lower  California. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  (GIRAUD). 
RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  United  States  south  to  Panama. 

a.     [Myiarchus  lawrencei  lawrencei.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Myiarchus    lawrencei     olivascens     RIDGWAY.     Olivaceous     Flycatcher. 
[455a.] 

Myiarchus   lawrencei  olivascens   RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,    II, 
April  10,  1884,  91.     (Santa  Efigenia,  Oaxaca,  Mexico.) 


212  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  south  through  western  Mexico  to  Oaxaca; 
accidental  in  Colorado. 

GENUS  SAYORNIS  GRAY. 

Sayornis  GRAY,  Cat.  Gen.  Birds,  1855,  146.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Mus- 
cicapa  saya  BONAPARTE. 

Sayornis  phdebe  (LATHAM).     Phoebe.    [456.] 

Muscicapa  phoebe  LATHAM,  Index  Orn.,  II,  1790,  489.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southwestern 
Mackenzie,  Alberta,  southern  Keewatin,  Ontario,  Quebec,  New 
Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  south  to  north- 
eastern New  Mexico,  central  Texas,  northern  Mississippi,  and  high- 
lands of  Georgia;  winters  in  United  States  south  of  latitude  37°  south 
to  Vera  Cruz  and  Oaxaca;  in  migration  casual  west  to  Colorado  and 
Wyoming;  accidental  in  California  and  Cuba. 

Sayornis  sayus  (BONAPARTE).    Say's  Phoebe.    [457.] 

Muscicapa  saya  BONAPARTE,  Amer.  Orn.,  I,  1825,  20.     (Arkansas  River, 
20  miles  from  the  Rocky  Mountains.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Alaska, 
northwestern  Mackenzie,  northeastern  Alberta,  southeastern  Sas- 
katchewan, and  central  North  Dakota  south  to  Lower  California, 
Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  western  Iowa,  and  western  Kansas ; 
winters  from  central  California,  southern  Arizona,  southern  New 
Mexico,  and  central  Texas  to  southern  Lower  California,  Vera  Cruz, 
and  Puebla;  accidental  in  Wisconsin,  Missouri,  and  Massachusetts. 

Sayornis  nigricans  (SWAINSON).     Black  Phoebe.     [458.] 

Tyrannula  nigricans  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,  1827,  367. 
(Tableland  of  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Upper  and  Lowrer 
Sonoran  zones  from  southwestern  Oregon  through  California  west  of 
the  Sierra  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  east  through  southern  California  and 
Arizona  to  southern  New  Mexico  and  central  Texas,  and  over  Mexico 
(except  Gulf  coast)  to  Yucatan. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  213 

GENUS  NUTTALLORNIS  RIDGWAY. 

Nuttallornis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  337.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Tyrannus  borealis  SWAIN  SON. 

Nuttallornis  borealis  (SWAINSON).     Olive-sided  Flycatcher.    [459.] 

Tyrannus  borealis  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  141,  pi. 
35.     (Cumberland  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  central  Alaska,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern 
Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  in  coniferous 
forests  of  western  United  States  to  southern  California,  Arizona,  and 
western  Texas,  and  also  northern  Michigan,  New  York,  and  Massa- 
chusetts south  in  mountains  to  North  Carolina;  migrates  through 
Mexico  and  Central  America;  winters  in  northern  South  America 
from  Colombia  to  Peru. 


GENUS  MYIOCHANES  CABANIS   &  HEINE. 

Myiochanes  CABANIS  &  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  II,  1859,  71.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Platyrhynchus  cinereus  SPIX. 

Myiochanes  pertinax  (CABANIS  &  HEINE). 
RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  to  southern  Mexico. 

a.  [Myiochanes  pertinax  pertinax.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Myiochanes    pertinax    pallidive"ntris    (CHAPMAN).    Coues's    Flycatcher. 

[460.3 

Contopus  pertinax  pallidiventris  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  XIV,  July,  1897,  310. 
(Pima  County,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  central  Arizona  south  through  Chihuahua,  Sonora, 
and  Durango  to  Tepic;  accidental  in  Colorado. 

Myiochanes  virens  (LiNN^us).     Wood  Pewee.     [461.] 

Muscicapa  virens  LINN^JUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  327.     (Carolina.) 


214  ORDER   PASSERES. 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Manitoba, 
Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  to  southern 
Texas  and  central  Florida,  west  to  eastern  Nebraska;  winters  from 
Nicaragua  to  Colombia  and  Peru;  casual  in  Colorado;  accidental  in 
migration  in  Cuba. 

Myiochanes  richardsoni  (SWAINSON). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  Central 
America  and  western  South  America. 

a.  Myiochanes  richardsoni  richardsoni  (SWAINSON).    Western  Wood  Pewee. 

[462.] 

Tyrannula  richardsonii  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  146, 
pi.  46,  lower  fig.     (Cumberland  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  and  South  America.  Breeds  from 
central  Alaska  (casual  at  Point  Barrow),  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Sas- 
katchewan, and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  northern  Lower  California,  Sonora, 
Chihuahua,  Coahuila,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  Tamaulipas;  migrates  through  Mexico 
and  Central  America;  winters  in  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

b.  Myiochanes    richardsoni    peninsulas    (BREWSTER).     Large-billed    Wood 

Pewee.    [462  a.] 

Contopus  richardsonii  peninsulce  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,  1891,  144. 
(Separates  publ.  Feb.  17.)     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California ;  winters  on  mainland 
of  western  Mexico  south  to  Oaxaca. 


GENUS  EMPIDONAX  CABANIS. 

Empidonax  CABANIS,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1855,  480.     Type  by  monotypy, 
Tyrannula  pusilla  SWAINSON. 

Empidonax  flaviventris    (W.   M.    &  S.   F.   BAIRD).     Yellow-bellied 
Flycatcher.     [463.] 

Tyrannula  flaviventris  W.  M.  &  S.  F.  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
I,  1843,  283.     (Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from  northern  Alberta,  north- 
ern Manitoba,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  North 


ORDER   PASSERES.  215 

Dakota,  northern  Minnesota,  northern  Michigan,  northern  New  York, 
Pennsylvania  (mountains),  and  New  Hampshire;  west  in  migration  to 
the  eastern  border  of  the  Plains,  eastern  Texas,  and  eastern  Mexico; 
winters  from  southern  Mexico  and  Guatemala  to  Panama;  occa- 
sional in  migration  in  western  Florida;  accidental  in  Greenland. 

Empidonax  difficilis  BAIRD. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  south  to  southern  Mexico. 

a.    Empidonax  difficilis  difficilis  BAIRD.    Western  Flycatcher.    [464.] 

Empidonax  difficilis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
198.     (Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  Glacier  Bay,  Alaska, 
southeastern  British  Columbia,  Montana,  and  southwestern  South  Dakota  to 
southern  California  and  western  Texas;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Cape  San 
Lucas,  Tres  Marias  Islands,  and  Oaxaca. 

6.    Empidonax  difficilis  cineritius  BREWSTER.    San  Lucas  Flycatcher.    [464o.] 

Empidonax  cineritius  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  90.     (La  Laguna 
[Sierra  de  la  Laguna],  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  San  Diego  County,  California,  and  Hansen  Laguna 
to  Cape  region  of  Lower  California. 

Empidonax  virescens  (VIEILLOT).     Acadian  Flycatcher.     [465.] 

Platyrhynchos  virescens  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXVII,  1818, 
22.     (Near  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  from  upper  limit  of  Carolinian  Zone  in  northeastern  Nebraska, 
central  Iowa,  Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  New  York,  Connecticut 
(casually),  and  Massachusetts  (one  instance)  south  to  southern  Texas, 
the  Gulf  States,  and  northern  Florida ;  migrates  through  Yucatan  and 
Central  America  and  winters  in  Colombia  and  Ecuador;  casual  in 
Massachusetts;  accidental  in  the  Bahamas  and  Cuba  in  migration. 

Empidonax  trailli  (AUDUBON). 

RANGE. —  North  America;  in  .winter  south  to  Central  America  and 
northern  South  America. 


216  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.  Empidonax  trailli  trailli  (AUDUBON).    Traill's  Flycatcher.     [466.] 

Muscicapa  traillii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  I,  1828,  pi.  45.     (Woods 
along  the  prairie  lands  of  the  Arkansas  River.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia 
and  Idaho  to  southern  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  Tamaulipas,  east 
to  Missouri,  Illinois,  and  Ohio;  winters  in  Central  America  south  to  Nicaragua 
and  Colombia. 

b.  Empidonax  trailli  alnorum  BREWSTER.    Alder  Flycatcher.    [466a.] 

Empidonax   traillii  alnorum  BREWSTER,  Auk,   XII,   April,    1895,    161. 
(Upton,  Maine.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  mainly  in  Hudsonian  and  Canadian  zones  from  central 
Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and 
Newfoundland  south  to  east  central  British  Columbia,  eastern  Montana, 
southern  Minnesota,  southern  Ontario,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  moun- 
tains of  West  Virginia;  winters  in  Central  America  south  to  Panama;  casual 
in  migration  in  South  Atlantic  States. 

Empidonax  minimus  (W.  M.    &  S.  F.  BAIRD).    Least  Flycatcher. 
[467.] 

Tyranmda  minima  W.  M.  &  S.  F.  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  I, 
1843,  284.     (Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  west 
central  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton 
Island  south  to  central  Montana,  eastern  Wyoming,  central  Nebraska, 
Iowa,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  in  the  Alleghenies 
to  North  Carolina;  in  migration  west  to  eastern  Colorado  and  central 
Texas;  winters  from  northeastern  Mexico  and  Yucatan  to  Panama 
and  Peru;  accidental  in  Grand  Cayman  Island,  West  Indies. 

Empidonax  hammondi  (XANTUS).     Hammond's  Flycatcher.    [468.] 

Tyrannula  hammondii  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1858,  117. 
(Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Canadian  zones  of  western 
North  America  from  southeastern  Alaska,  southern  Yukon,  and 
central  Alberta  to  southern  California  and  Colorado;  winters  from 
northern  Mexico  to  the  highlands  of  Guatemala. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  217 

Empidonax  wrighti  BAIRD.     Wright's  Flycatcher.     [469.] 

Empidonax  wrightii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
200.  (El  Paso,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Canadian  zones  of  western 
North  America  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  southwestern 
Saskatchewan  south  to  central  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and 
western  Texas,  and  east  to  eastern  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains; 
winters  from  northern  to  southern  Mexico. 

Empidonax  griseus  BREWSTER.     Gray  Flycatcher.     [469.1.] 

Empidonax  griseus  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VI,  April,  1889,  87.  (Separates 
publ.  Jan.  31.)  (La  Paz,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico.  Breeds  from 
mountains  of  southern  California,  Arizona,  and  southern  New  Mexico 
to  southern  end  of  the  Mexican  tableland;  winters  from  southern  Cali- 
fornia and  southern  Arizona  south  in  Lower  California  and  Mexico 
to  Puebla  and  Tepic;  casual  in  Colorado. 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  (GIRAUD). 

RANGE. —  Guatemala  north  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

a.     [Empidonax  fulvifrons  fulvifrons.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Empidonax  fulvifrons  pygmseus  COUES.    Buff -breasted  Flycatcher.    [470o.] 

Empidonax  pygmceus  COUES,  Ibis,  Oct.,  1865,  537.  (Fort  Whipple, 
Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  south  through  Chihuahua  to 
Durango;  winters  south  of  the  United  States  to  Jalisco,  Tepic,  Morelos,  and 
Michoacan. 

GENUS  PYROCEPHALUS  GOULD. 

Pyrocephalus  GOULD,  Zool.  Voy.  Beagle,  1839,  44.  Type,  by  monotypy 
Pyrocephalus  parvirostris  GOULD  4-  Musdcapa  coronata  GMELIN  = 
Muscicapa  rubinus  BODDAERT. 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  (BODDAERT). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  south  through  the 
greater  part  of  South  America. 


218  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.    [Pyrocephalus  rubinus  rubinus.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Pyrocephalus  rubinus  meadcanus  SCLATER.    Vermilion  Flycatcher.    [471.] 

Pyrocephalus  mexicanus  SCLATER,   Proc.    Zool.   Soc.   Lond.,    1859,   45. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southeastern  California, 
southern  Nevada,  southwestern  Utah,  western  and  southern  Arizona,  south- 
ern New  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas  south  to  Lower  California,  Guatemala, 
Honduras,  and  Yucatan;  accidental  in  Florida. 


GENUS  CAMPTOSTOMA  SCLATER. 

Camptostoma  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857,  203.     Type,  by  orig. 
;        desig.,  Camptostoma  imberbe  SCLATER. 

Camptostoma  imberbe  SCLATER.    Beardless  Flycatcher.    [472.] 

Camptostoma  imberbe  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857,  203.     (San 
Andres  Tuxtla,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  valley  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande, 
Texas,  south  through  Mexico  to  Guatemala  and  Nicaragua. 


SUBORDER  OSCINES.    SONG  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  ALAUDID-ffi.    LARKS. 

[GENUS  ALAUDA  LINNAEUS. 

Alauda  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  165.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Alauda  arvensis  LINN^US  (Swainson,  1827). 

Alatida  arvensis  LINN^US.    Skylark.    [473.] 

Alauda  arvensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  165.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  northern  Africa;  accidental  in  Greenland 
and  Bermuda;  introduced  into  the  United  States;  at  present  resident 
and  breeding  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  but  apparently  not  spreading; 
introduced  also  on  Oahu,  Hawaii.] 


ORDER   PASSERES.  219 


GENUS  OTOCORIS  BONAPARTE. 

Otocoris  BONAPARTE,  Nuovi  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  [Bologna],  II,  1838,  407. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Phileremos  cornutus  BONAPABTE  =  Alauda  cornuta 
WILSON  =  Alauda  alpestris  LINN.EUS. 

Otocoris  alpestris  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  northern  South  America,  northern  Africa, 
Europe,  and  Asia. 

a.  Otocoris  alpestris  alpestris  (LINNJSUS).    Horned  Lark.    [474.] 

Alauda  alpestris  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  166.  (Sea  shore 
of  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Arctic  Zone  of  Canada  from 
Boothia  Peninsula  south  to  head  of  James  Bay,  Labrador,  and  Newfoundland; 
winters  south  to  the  Ohio  Valley  and  Georgia ;  casual  in  Louisiana  and  Ber- 
muda; accidental  in  Greenland. 

b.  Otocoris  alpestris  arcticola  OBERHOLSER.     Pallid  Horned  Lark.     [474a.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  arcticola  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXI V> 
1902,  816.  (Fort  Reliance,  Yukon,  Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Alaska  (except  Pacific 
coast  strip)  and  in  upper  Yukon  Valley;  winters  south  to  Oregon,  Utah,  and 
Montana. 

c.  Otocoris  alpestris  praticola  HENSHAW.    Prairie  Horned  Lark.    [4746.] 

Otocorys  alpestris  praticola  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  264.  (Richland 
County,  Illinois.) 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  United  States  and  Canada.  Breeds  chiefly  in 
Transition  Zone  from  southern  Manitoba  and  southern  Quebec  to  eastern 
Kansas,  southern  Missouri,  Ohio,  West  Virginia,  and  Connecticut;  winters 
south  to  Texas,  Tennessee,  and  Georgia,  and  casually  to  Arizona  and  Colorado. 

d.  Otocoris  alpestris  leucolsema  (COUES).    Desert  Horned  Lark.    [474c.] 

Eremophila  alpestris  var.  leucolcema  COUES,  Birds  N.  W.,  1874,  38,  39. 
(Fort  Randall,  South  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  and  Great  Basin.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition  Zone 
from  southern  Alberta  and  southern  Saskatchewan  to  southern  Nevada,  north- 
ern New  Mexico,  and  western  Kansas;  winters  south  to  southeastern  California, 
Texas,  and  Sonora. 


220  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

e.    Otocoris  alpestris  giraudi  HENSHAW.     Texas  Horned  Lark.    [474d.] 

Otocorys  alpestris  giraudi  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  266.  (Corpus 
Christi,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Texas  and  Tamaulipas  from  Galveston  Bay  to  a 
little  south  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

/.     Otocoris  alpestris  actia  OBERHOLSER.    California  Horned  Lark.    [474e.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  actia  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXIV,  1902, 
845.  (Jacumba,  San  Diego  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Francisco  Bay  to  northern  Lower  California,  and  the  San 
Joaquin  Valley. 

g.    Otocoris  alpestris  rubea  HENSHAW.    Ruddy  Horned  Lark.    [474/.] 

Otocorys  alpestris  rubeus  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  23A  (Stockton, 
California.) 

RANGE. —  Sacramento  Valley,  California. 
h.    Otocoris  alpestris  strigata  HENSHAW.    Streaked  Horned  Lark.    [474<?.J 

Otocorys  alpestris  strigata  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  267.  (Fort 
Steilacoom,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  belt.  Breeds  in  Washington  and  Oregon  west  of  the 
Cascades;  east  in  winter  to  eastern  Washington  and  Oregon,  south  to  northern 
California. 

i.     Otocoris  alpestris  adusta  DWIGHT.    Scorched  Horned  Lark.    [474ft.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  adusta  DWIGHT,  Auk,  VII,  April,  1890,  148.  (Fort 
Huachuca,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  north  central  Mexico. 

j.    Otocoris  alpestris  me*rrilli  DWIGHT.    Dusky  Horned  Lark.    [474t.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  merrilli  DWIGHT,  Auk,  VII,  April,  1890,  153.  (Fort 
Klamath,  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  semi-arid  districts.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition 
Zone  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  northwestern  Idaho  to  northeastern 
California  east  of  the  Cascades  and  northwestern  Nevada;  winters  south  to 
central  California. 

fc.    Otocoris  alpestris  pallida  DWIGHT.    Sonora  Horned  Lark.    [474?.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  pallida  DWIGHT,  Auk,  VII,  April,  1890,  154.  (Direc- 
tion Hill,  between  Adair  Bay  and  mouth  of  Colorado  River,  Sonora, 
Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Colorado  Valley  from  southern  Nevada  to  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  221 

I.    Otocoris  alpestris  hoyti  BISHOP.    Hoyt's  Homed  Lark.    [474 A;.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  hoyti   BISHOP,  Auk,    XIII,  April,  1896,  130.     (Cando, 
Towner  Co.,  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America.  Breeds  north  of  limit  of  trees  from 
mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  to  west  shore  of  Hudson  Bay;  winters  south  to 
Nevada,  Utah,  Kansas,  and  Michigan;  casual  in  Ohio  and  New  York. 

m.    Otocoris  alpestris  occidentals  McCALL.    Montezuma  Homed  Lark.    [474J.] 

Otocoris?  occidentalis  McCALL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1851,  218" 
(Santa  F<§,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  migrating  into  western  Texas, 
Sonora,  and  Chihuahua. 

n.    Otocoris    alpestris   insulans    C.    H.    TOWNSEND.    Island  Horned  Lark. 
[474m.] 

Otocoris  alpestris  insularis  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII,  1890, 
140.     (San  Clemente  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Resident  on  the  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  California;  occurs  in 
winter  on  the  neighboring  mainland. 


FAMILY  CORVID2E.     CROWS,  JAYS,  MAGPIES,  ETC. 
SUBFAMILY  GARRULINJE.     MAGPIES  AND  JAYS. 

GENUS  PICA  BRISSON. 

Pica  BRISSON,  Orn.,  II,   1760,  35.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Pica]  pica 
BRISSON  =  Corvus  pica  LINNAEUS. 

Pica  pica  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  Europe,  northern  Asia,  and  western  North  America  from 
middle  Yukon  south  to  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

a.  [Pica  pica  pica.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Pica  pica  hudsonia  (SABINE).    Magpie.    [475.] 

Corvus    hudsonius    SABINE,  in    FRANKLIN,  Narr.  Journ.  Polar  Sea,   1823, 
671.     (Cumberland  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Principally  Boreal  and  Transition  zones  from  the  eastern  Aleutian 
Islands,  middle  Yukon,  central  Alberta,  southern  Saskatchewan,  and  Lake 


222  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Winnepeg  south  to  northern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and  from  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Cascades  and  Sierra  Nevada  to  western  North  Dakota  and 
western  Texas;  casual  in  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Ontario,  and 
the  Hudson  Bay  region;  accidental  in  Quebec. 

Pica  nuttalli  (AUDUBON).     Yellow-billed  Magpie.     [476.] 

Corvus  nuttallii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1836,  pi.  362,  fig.  1. 
(Santa  Barbara,  California ) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  of  California,  west  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  Tehama  County  to  Ventura  and  Kern 
counties,  chiefly  in  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys. 

GENUS  CYANOCITTA  STRICKLAND. 

Cyanocitta  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  XV,  1845,  261.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Corvus  cristatus  LINN.EUS. 

Cyanocitta  crist£ta  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  from  central  Canada  south  to 
the  Gulf  coast. 

a.    Cyanocitta  cristata  cristata  (LiNN^us).    Blue  Jay.    [477.] 

Corvus  cristatus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  106.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  central  Alberta,  south- 
ern Keewatin,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Newfoundland 
south  to  the  Gulf  States,  except  Florida,  and  west  to  western  Nebraska,  eastern 
Colorado,  and  central  Texas;  casual  in  New  Mexico. 

&.    Cyanocitta  cristata  fiorincola  COUES.    Florida  Blue  Jay.    [477a.] 

Cyanocitta  cristata  florincola  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1884,  421. 
(Hibernia,  Clay  Co.,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida. 

Cyanocitta  stelleri  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  Alaska  south  to  highlands 
of  Guatemala  and  Honduras. 

a.    Cyanocitta  stelleri  stelleri  (GMELIN).    Steller's  Jay.    [478.] 

Corvus  stelleri  GMELIN,  Syst.   Nat.,  I,   i,   1788,  370.     (Nootka  Sound, 
Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  223 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  Cook  Inlet,  Alaska,  south  into  Oregon  (includ- 
ing Vancouver  and  other  coastal  islands  except  Prince  of  Wales  Island  and 
the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands). 

b.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  frontalis  (RIDGWAY).    Blue-fronted  Jay.     [478a.] 

Cyanura  stelleri  var.  frontalis  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  V,  Jan., 
1873,  41.     (Carson  City,  Nevada.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  of  both  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada from  Mt.  Shasta  south  to  the  San  Jacinto  and  San  Pedro  Martir 
mountains,  Lower  California,  and  also  the  inner  coast  ranges  of  northern 
California  (west  of  Sacramento  Valley)  from  the  Bully  Choop  Mountains 
south  to  Mt.  St.  Helena  and  Mt.  George  (east  of  Napa  Valley). 

c.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  diademata  (BONAPARTE).    Long-crested  Jay.    [4786.] 

Cyanogarrulus  diadematus   BONAPARTE,   Consp.   Avium,   I,    1850,   377. 
(Zacatecas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Boreal  zones  of  the  southern  Rocky  Mountains 
from  the  Wasatch  Mountains,  Utah,  and  southern  Wyoming  to  Chihuahua, 
Sonora,  Zacatecas,  and  Jalisco. 

d.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  annectens  (BAIRD).     Black-headed  Jay.    [478c.] 

Cyanura  stelleri  var.  annectens  BAIRD,  in  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds,  II,  1874,  281. 
(Hell  Gate,  east  of  Missoula,  Montana.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  Zone  of  the  northern  Rocky  Mountains  in  British  Columbia 
to  northeastern  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  Wyoming;  casual  in  Utah  in  winter. 

e.  Cyanocitta  stelleri  carlottse  OSGOOD.    Queen  Charlotte  Jay.    [478d.] 

Cyanocitta  stelleri  carlottce  OSGOOD,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  21,  1901,  46. 
(Cumshewa  Inlet,  Moresby  Island,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  B.  C.) 

RANGE.—  Queen  Charlotte  and  Prince  of  Wales  Islands,  British  Columbia. 

/.    Cyanocitta  stelleri  carbonacea  GRINNELL.     Coast  Jay.    [478e.] 

Cyanocitta  stelleri  carbonacea  GRINNELL,  Condor,  II,  1900,  127.     (Stevens 
Creek  Canon,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  the  humid  Pacific  coast  strip  from  southern  Oregon 
to  the  Santa  Lucia  Mountains,  California,  and  east  to  the  mountains  on  the 
west  side  of  Napa  Valley;  in  winter  east  to  the  Gabilan  and  Mt.  Diablo  ranges. 


224  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  APHELOGOMA  CABANIS. 

Aphelocoma  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,   221  (note).     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Garrulus  calif ornicus  VIGORS  (Baird,  1858). 

Aphelocoma  cyanea  (VIEILLOT).     Florida  Jay.     [479.] 

Garrulus  cyaneus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XII,  1817,  476. 
(Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Peninsula  of  Florida. 

Aphelocoma  woddhousei  (BAIRD).     Woodhouse's  Jay.    [480.] 

Cyanocitta  woodhouseii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
585.     (Fort  Thorn,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Basin  and  adjacent  arid  region,  breeding  in  Upper 
Sonoran  and  Transition  zones  from  southeastern  Oregon,  southern 
Idaho,  and  southern  Wyoming  south  to  southeastern  California  (east 
of  Sierra  Nevada),  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  southeastern  Colorado,  and 
western  Texas. 

Aphelocoma  cyanotis  RIDGWAY.    Blue-eared  Jay.    [480.1.] 

Aphelocoma  cyanotis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  357.    (Mexico, 
probably  San  Luis  Potosi.) 

RANGE. —  Central  and  southwestern  Texas  (Brewster,  Sutton,  and 
Kerr  counties)  south  on  Mexican  tableland  through  Durango,  Coahuila, 
San  Luis  Potosi,  and  Hidalgo  to  City  of  Mexico. 

Aphelocoma  texana  RIDGWAY.     Texas  Jay.     [480.2.] 

Aphelocoma  texana  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XIX,  Jan.,  1902,  70.     (Near  head  of 
Nueces  River,  Edwards  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Central  and  southwestern  Texas,  from  Kerr  and  Edwards 
counties  to  Davis  Mountains. 

Aphelocoma  calif ornica  (VIGORS). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region  of  North  America  from  southern 
Oregon  to  southern  Lower  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  225 

a.  Aphelocoma  calif ornica  calif omica  (VIGORS).    California  Jay.    [481.] 

Garrulus  californicus  VIGORS,  in  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  1839,  21,  pi.  v. 
(Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  California  and  southern  Oregon  west 
from  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierra-Cascade  Range,  and  south  to  San  Bernar- 
dino; an  isolated  (?)  colony  on  the  Columbia  River  west  of  the  Cascades  in 
Oregon  and  Washington. 

b.  Aphelocoma  calif  ornica  hypoleuca  RIDGWAY.    Xantus's  Jay.    [481  a.] 

Aphelocoma  californica  hypoleuca  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887, 
356.     (La  Paz,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  two-thirds  of  Lower  California. 

c.  Aphelocoma  californica  obscura  ANTHONY.    Belding's  Jay.    [4816.] 

Aphelocoma  californica  obscura  ANTHONY,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2, 
II,  Oct.  11,  1889,  75.     (Valladores,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  coast  district  of  California  from  San  Fernando  and  San 
Bernardino  Mountains  south  to  southern  end  of  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains, 
Lower  California. 

Aphelocoma  insularis  HENSHAW.    Santa  Cruz  Jay.    [481.1.] 

Aphelocoma  insularis  HENSHAW,  Auk,  III,  Oct.,  1886,  452.     (Santa  Cruz 
Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Santa  Cruz  Island,  California. 

Aphelocoma  sieberi  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  Mexican  tableland  north  to  south- 
ern Arizona  and  southern  Texas. 

a.  [Aphelocoma  sieberi  sieberi.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Aphelocoma  sieberi  arizonse  (RIDGWAY).    Arizona  Jay.    [482.] 

Cyanocitta  ultramarina  var.  arizonce  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec., 
1873,  199.     (Old  Fort  Buchanan,  near  Crittenden,  Pima  Co.,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  in  southern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Sonora, 
and  Chihuahua. 

c.  Aphelocoma  sieberi  couchi  (BAIRD).    Couch's  Jay.    [482a.] 

Cyanocitta  couchii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  588. 
(Monterey,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Chisos  Mountains,  southwestern  Texas,  to  southern  Nuevo  Leon 
and  northern  Coahuila. 


226  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  XANTHOURA  BONAPARTE. 

Xanthoura  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Aviura,  I,  1850,  380.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Corvus  peruvianus  GMELIN  =  Corvus  yncas  BODDAERT  (Gray, 
1855). 

Xanthoura  luxuosa  (LESSON). 

RANGE. —  Lower   Rio    Grande   Valley  south   to   Guatemala  and 
Honduras. 

a.  [Xanthoura  luxuosa  luxuosa.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Xanthoura  luxuosa  glaucSscens  RIDGWAY.    Green  Jay.    [483.] 

Xanthoura  luxuosa  glaucescens  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVII,  Jan.,  1900,  28. 
(Fort  Brown,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  as  far  north  as  Laredo,  and 
Tamaulipas  and  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico. 


GENUS  PERISOREU8  BONAPARTE. 

Perisoreus  BONAPARTE,  Giornale  Arcadico,  XLIX,  1831,  42.  Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Corvus  canadensis  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Peris6reus  canadensis  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern  coniferous  forests  of  North  America  south  in 
mountains  to  New  York,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 

a.  Perisoreus  canadensis  canadensis  (LINNAEUS).    Canada  Jay.    [484.] 

Corvus  canadensis  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  158.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  zones  of  eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  limit  of 
conifers  in  northwestern  Mackenzie  and  central  Keewatin  and  from  northern 
Quebec  south  to  west  central  Alberta,  northern  Minnesota,  Michigan,  the 
Adirondacks  of  New  York,  northern  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Nova  Scotia;  casual  in  Nebraska,  Pennsylvania,  and  Massachusetts. 

b.  Perisoreus  canadensis  capitalis  RIDGWAY.    Rocky  Mountain  Jay.    [484 a.] 

Perisoreus  canadensis  var.  capitalis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Nov., 
1873,  193,  199.  (Henry's  Fork,  southwestern  corner  of  Sweetwater 
Co.,  Wyoming.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  227 

RANGE. —  Boreal  zones  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  from  central  British 
Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  and  southwestern  South  Dakota  south  to  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico;  in  winter  to  northwestern  Nebraska. 

c.  Perisoreus  canadensis  fumifrons  RIDGWAY.     Alaska  Jay.     [4846.] 

Perisoreus  canadensis  fumifrons  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Ill, 
1880,  5.     (Nulato,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Wooded  parts  of  Alaska,  except  coast  district  east  and  south  of 
the  Alaska  Peninsula,  and  central  and  southwestern  Yukon. 

d.  Perisoreus  canadensis  nigricapfllus  RIDGWAY.    Labrador  Jay.    [484c.] 

Perisoreus  canadensis  nigricapillus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V, 
1882,  15.     (Coast  of  Labrador.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  eastern  Ungava,  Labrador,  and  Newfoundland. 

Perisoreus  obscurus  RIDGWAY. 

RANGE. —  British  Columbia  south  to  northern  California. 

a.  Perisoreus  obscurus  obscurus  RIDGWAY.    Oregon  Jay.    [485.] 

Perisoreus  canadensis  var.  obscurus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Nov., 
1873,  194,  199.     (Shoalwater  Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  southwestern  British  Columbia  to  Mendocino 
County,  California. 

b.  Perisoreus  obscurus  griseus  RIDGWAY.    Gray  Jay.    [485a.] 

Perisoreus  obscurus  griseus  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVI,  July,  1899,  255.    (Keech- 
elus  Lake,  Kittitas  Co.,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  southern  British  Columbia  south  in  the  Cascades 
to  northern  California;  casual  in  the  Sierras  to  Lake  Tahoe. 


SUBFAMILY  CORVINjE.     CROWS. 

GENUS  CORVUS  LINNJEUS. 

Corvus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  105.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Corvus  corax  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Corvus  corax  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  Europe,  northern  and  central  Asia,  and  North  America. 


228  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.    [Corvus  corai  coraz.     Extralimital.] 

6.     COITUS  corai  sinuatus  WAGLER.     Raven.     [486.] 

Corvus  sinuatus  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXII,  1829,  748.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Oregon,  Montana,  and  South  Dakota  south  to  Honduras,  and 
east  probably  to  Missouri,  Illinois,  and  Indiana. 

c.    Corvus  coraz  principals  RIDGWAY.     Northern  Raven.     [486 a.] 

Corvus  corax  principalis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  361.     (St. 
Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  Alaska,  Melville  Island,  northern  Ellesmere  Land, 
and  northern  Greenland  south  to  Washington,  central  Minnesota,  Michigan, 
coast  region  of  New  Jersey  and  Virginia,  and  the  higher  Alleghenies  to  Georgia. 

Corvus  cryptoleucus  COUCH.     White-necked  Raven.    [487.] 

Corvus  cryptoleucus  COUCH,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854,  66. 
(Charco  Escondido,  Tamaulipas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Deserts  of  western  United  States  and  Mexico,  breeding 
in  Sonoran  zones  from  southeastern  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
and  western  Texas  south  to  Guanajuato  and  Michoacan,  Mexico; 
formerly  to  northern  Colorado,  western  Nebraska,  and  western 
Kansas. 

Corvus  brachyrhynchos  BREHM. 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America. 

a.    Corvus  brachyrhynchos  bracbyrhynchos  BREHM.    Crow.    [488.] 

Corvus  brachyrhynchos  BREHM,  Beitr.  Vogelkunde,  II,  1822,  56.     (North 
America.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southwestern  Mackenzie, 
central  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  Texas 
and  the  Gulf  coast  (except  Florida) ;  winters  from  near  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  the  United  States  southward. 

6.    Corvus  brachyrhynchos  pascuus  COUES.    Florida  Crow.    [488a.] 

Corvus  americanus  pascuus  COUES,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  84.     (Southern 
part  of  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Peninsula  of  Florida. 
c.    Corvus  bracbyrhynchos  hesperis  RIDGWAY.    Western  Crow.    [4886.] 

Corvus  americanus  hesperis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  362. 
(Fort  Klamath,  Oregon.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  229 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America,  from  east  central  British  Columbia  and 
Montana  south  to  southern  California,  Arizona,  and  western  Texas. 

Corvus  caurinus  BAIRD.     Northwestern  Crow.     [489.] 

Corvus  caurinus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  569. 
(Fort  Steilacoom,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  from  Kadiak  Island  and  Kukak  Bay, 
Alaska,  to  Puget  Sound,  Washington. 

Corvus  ossifragus  WILSON.     Fish  Crow.    [490.] 

Corvus  ossifragus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  V,  1812,  27,  pi.  37,  fig.  2.     (Great 
Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.) 

RANGE. —  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian  faunas  of  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts  from  lower  Delaware  and  Hudson  River  valleys  and  Con- 
necticut to  Louisiana  and  Florida;  casual  in  Massachusetts. 

[Corvus  frugilegns  LINNAEUS.     Rook.     [490.1.] 

Corvus  frugilegus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  105.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. — Europe  in  general,  including  Great  Britain,  and  Kashmir 
and  northwestern  India  east  to  central  Asia;  winters  in  southern  Europe 
and  northern  Africa;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 

[Corvus  comix  LINNAEUS.     Hooded  Crow.     [490.2.] 

Corvus  cornix  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  105.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Britain  and  continental  Europe,  except  the  south- 
western part;  casual  in  Iceland  and  Greenland.] 


GENUS  NUCIFRAGA  BRISSON. 

Nucifraga  BRISSON,  Orn.,  II,  1760,  58.     Type,  by  monotypy,  [Nucifraga] 
nucifraga  BRISSON  =  Corvus  caryocatactes  LINN^US. 

SUBGENUS  PICICORVTTS  BONAPARTE. 

Picicorvus  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  I,  1850,  384.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy, Corvus  columbianus  WILSON. 


230  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Nucifraga  columbiana  (WILSON).     Clarke's  Nutcracker.     [491.] 

Corvus  columbianus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  29,  pi.  20,  fig.  2. 
(Columbia  River,  between  the  Dalles  and  the  mouth.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America,  breeding  in  Boreal  zones  from 
Bristol  Bay,  Alaska,  west  central  Alberta,  and  southwestern  South 
Dakota  (Black  Hills)  south  to  high  mountains  of  southern  California, 
Arizona,  and  New  Mexico;  casual  in  western  Nebraska  and  east  to 
Missouri  and  Arkansas;  accidental  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  northern 
Lower  California. 


GENUS  CYANOCEPHALUS  BONAPARTE. 

Cyanocephalus  BONAPARTE,  Osserv.  Stato  Zool.  Eur.,  1842,  17.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Gymnorhinus  cyanocephalus  WIED. 

Cyanocephalus  cyanocephalus  (WIED).     Pinon  Jay.     [492.] 

Gymnorhinus  cyanocephalus  WIED,  Reise  Nord- America,  II,   1841,  22. 
(Junction  of  Marias  and  Yellowstone  rivers,  Montana.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  and  Transition  zones  of  western  North 
America,  breeding  chiefly  in  the  piflon  and  juniper  belt  of  mountains 
from  central  Washington,  Idaho,  and  central  Montana  south  to 
northern  Lower  California,  Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  and 
western  Texas,  and  from  the  Sierra-Cascade  Range  east  to  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  casual  on  the  coast  of  California  and 
in  eastern  Nebraska  and  Kansas. 


FAMILY  STURNIDJE.    STARLINGS. 

GENUS  STURNUS  LINN^US. 

Sturnus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  167.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Sturnus  vulgaris  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Sturnus  vulgaris  LINNAEUS.     Starling.     [493.] 

Sturnus  vulgaris  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  167.     (Sweden.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  231 

RANGE. —  Western  and  central  Europe;  winters  south  to  Africa; 
accidental  in  Greenland;  introduced  in  1890  in  New  York  City  and 
thence  has  spread  as  far  as  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  Stonington, 
Connecticut,  Ossining,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 


FAMILY  ICTERID-ffl.    BLACKBIRDS,  ORIOLES,  ETC. 

GENUS  DOLICHONYX  SWAINSON. 

Dolichonyx  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  435.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Fringilla  oryzivora  LINN.EUS. 

Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (LINNAEUS).     Bobolink.     [494.] 

Fringitta  oryzivora  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  179.     (Cuba.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition 
Zone  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta,  central 
Saskatchewan,  central  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  central  Quebec, 
and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  northeastern  Nevada,  Utah,  northern 
Missouri,  Illinois,  Indiana,  central  Ohio,  West  Virginia,  Pennsylvania, 
and  New  Jersey;  winters  in  South  America  to  southern  Brazil,  Bolivia, 
and  Paraguay;  in  migration  to  the  West  Indies  and  east  coast  of  Cen- 
tral America;  casual  in  California;  accidental  in  Bermuda  and 
the  Galapagos. 

GENUS  MOLOTHRUS  SWAINSON. 

Molothrus  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,   1831   (1832),  277.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Fringilla  pecoris  GMELIN  =  Oriolus  ater  BODDAERT. 

Molothrus  ater  (BODDAERT). 

RANGE. —  North  central  Canada  to  the  southern  end  of  the  table- 
land in  Mexico. 

a.     Molothrus  ater  ater  (BODDAERT).     Cowbird.    [495.] 

Oriolus  ater  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  37.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia,  south- 
ern Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick 


232  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

south  to  northern  California,  Nevada,  northern  New  Mexico,  Texas,  Louisiana, 
and  North  Carolina;  winters  from  southeastern  California  and  the  Ohio  and 
Potomac  valleys  (casually  further  north)  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  central  Mexico. 

b.    Molothrus  atcr  obscurus  (GMELIN).    Dwarf  Cowbird.    [495a.] 
Sturnus  obscurus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  804.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  California  and  southern  Nevada  east  to  southern 
Texas  and  south  in  Mexico  to  Oaxaca,  Colima,  and  Jalisco. 


GENUS  TANGAVIUS  LESSON. 

Tangavius  LESSON,  Revue  Zool.,  II,  1839,  41.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Tangavius  involucratus  LESSON. 

Tangavius  seneus  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  Central  America  and  Mexico  north  to  the  southern  border 
of  Texas  and  Arizona. 

a.     Tangavius  aeneus  seneus  (WAGLER).     Bronzed  Cowbird.     [496a.] 
Psarocolius  ceneus  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXII,  1829,  758.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  Mexico  to  southern  Arizona  (near  Tucson,  breed- 
ing)- 

6.    Tangavius  aeneus  involucratus  LESSON.    Red-eyed  Cowbird.     [496.] 

Tangavius  involucratus  LESSON,  Revue  Zool.,  II,  1839,  41.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  San  Antonio,  Texas,  south   through  eastern  Mexico,  Yucatan, 
and  Central  America  to  Panama. 


GENUS  XANTHOCEPHALUS  BONAPARTE. 

Xanthocephalus  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  I,  1850,  431.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Psarocolius  perspicillatus  WAGLER  =  Icterus  xanthocephalus 
BONAPARTE. 

Xanthocephalus  xanthocephalus  (BONAPARTE).     Yellow-headed  Black- 
bird.   [497.] 

Icterus  xanthocephalus  BONAPARTE,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V, 
1826,  223.  (Engineer  Cantonment,  near  Omaha,  Nebraska.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  233 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  southern  Mackenzie,  southwestern  Keewatin,  and  northern 
Minnesota  south  to  southern  California,  Arizona,  Jalisco,  Michoacan, 
and  Valley  of  Toluca,  Mexico,  and  east  to  southern  Wisconsin,  central 
Iowa,  northern  Illinois,  and  Indiana;  winters  from  southwestern 
California,  southern  Arizona,  and  southwestern  Louisiana  south  in 
Mexico  to  Jalisco,  Michoacan,  and  Puebla;  accidental  in  Greenland 
and  in  various  eastern  localities  from  Ontario  and  Quebec  to  South 
Carolina,  Florida,  and  Cuba. 


GENUS  AGELAIUS  VIEILLOT. 

Agelaius  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  33.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  "Troupiale 
commandeur,  Buff  on"  =  Oriolus  phoeniceus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,   1840). 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  central  Mackenzie  south  to  Costa 
Rica. 

a.  Agelaius    phoeniceus    phoeniceus    (LiNN^us).    Red-winged    Blackbird. 

[498.] 

Oriolus  phoeniceus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  161.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  east  of  the  Great  Plains,  except  Gulf  coast  and 
Florida.  Breeds  from  Ontario,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Quebec  southward;  winters 
mainly  south  of  Ohio  and  Delaware  valleys,  locally  north  to  Massachusetts. 

b.  Agelaius  phoeniceus  sonoriensis  RIDGWAY.    Sonora  Red-wing.    [498a.] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  sonoriensis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  370. 
(Camp  Grant,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  California  (Lower  Colorado  Valley)  and  southern 
Arizona ,  and  south  over  the  coastal  plain  of  Sonora  to  Tepic. 

c.  Agelaius  phoeniceus  br^anti  RIDGWAY.    Bahama  Red-wing.    [4986.] 

Agelaius  phceniceus  bryanti  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  370. 
(Abaco  Island,  Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  coast  of  Florida,  Florida  Keys  to  Key  West,  and 
the  Bahamas. 


234  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

d.  Agelaius  phoeniceus  floridanus  MAYNARD.     Florida  Red-wing.     [498 c.] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  floridanus  MAYNARD,  Birds  East  N.  A.,  Pt.  40,  1895, 
698.     (Key  West,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida  (except  the  southeastern  coast  and  keys),  and  west 
along  the  Gulf  coast  at  least  to  Galveston,  Texas. 

e.  Agelaius  phceniceus  fortis  RIDGWAY.     Thick-billed  Red-wing.     [498d.] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  fortis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ill,  April, 
1901,  153.     (Omaha,  Nebraska.) 

RANGE.—  Central  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Mackenzie  and 
southern  Keewatin  south  to  northeastern  Colorado  and  northern  Texas; 
winters  principally  in  the  southern  part  of  its  breeding  range,  wandering  irreg- 
ularly further  eastward. 

/.    Agelaius  phoeniceus  neutralis  RIDGWAY.     San  Diego  Red-wing.    [498 e.] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  neutralis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ill,  April, 
1901,  153.     (Jacumba,  San  Diego  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  eastern  British  Columbia  south  to  northern  Lower 
California,  Chihuahua,  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas;  winters  east  to 
the  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas. 

(].    Agelaius  phoeniceus  caurinus  RIDGWAY.    Northwestern  Red-wing.    [49 8/] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  caurinus  RIDGWAY,    Proc.  Wash.    Acad.  Sci.,    Ill, 
April,  1901,  153.     (Cedar  Hill,  Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  from  British  Columbia  to  Mendocino  County, 
California. 

//.    Agelaius  phoeniceus  richmondi  NELSON.    Vera  Cruz  Red-wing.    [498y.] 

Agelaius  phoeniceus  richmondi  NELSON,  Auk,  XIV,  Jan.,  1897,  58.     (Tlaco- 
talpan,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  coast  and  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  of  Texas  south 
through  eastern  Mexico  to  Yucatan  and  eastern  Guatemala;  winters  south  to 
eastern  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica. 

Agelaius  gubernator  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  California,  western  Arizona,  and  southeast  to  the  south- 
ern end  of  the  Mexican  tableland. 

a.  [Agelaius  gubemator  gubernator.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Agelaius  gubernator  californicus  NELSON.    Bicolored  Red-wing.    [499.] 

Agelaius  gubernator  californicus    NELSON,   Auk,    XIV,    Jan.,    1897,   59. 
(Stockton,  California.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  235 

RANGE. —  Valleys  of  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  straggling  south 
and  east  to  San  Diego  and  Owens  Lake,  California,  and  Casa  Grande,  western 
Arizona;  recorded  also  as  breeding  at  Cape  Disappointment,  Washington. 

Agelaius  tricolor  (AUDUBON).     Tricolored  Red-wing.     [500.] 

Icterus  tricolor  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  1.     (Santa  Barbara,  Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  valleys  of  northwestern  Oregon  (west 
of  Cascade  Range)  south  through  California  (west  of  Sierra  Nevada) 
to  northern  Lower  California. 


GENUS  STURNELLA  VIEILLOT. 

Sturnella  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  34.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Stourne, 
ou  Merle  £t  fer-a-cheval,  Buff."  =  Alauda  magna  LINN^US. 


Sturnella  magna  ( 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  United  States  south  to  northern  South  America. 

a.  Sturnella  magna  magna  (LiNN^us).    Meadowlark.    [501.] 

Alauda  magna  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  167.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Austral 
zones  from  eastern  Minnesota,  southern  Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  New 
Brunswick  south  to  northern  Texas,  Missouri,  and  North  Carolina,  and  west 
to  western  Iowa,  eastern  Kansas,  and  northwestern  Texas;  winters  regularly 
from  the  Potomac  and  Ohio  valleys  south  to  the  Gulf  States,  and  north 
locally  to  the  Great  Lakes  and  southern  Maine. 

b.  Sturnella  magna  hoopesi  STONE.     Rio  Grande  Meadowlark.     [501  a.] 

Sturnella  magna  hoopesi  STONE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1897,  149. 
(Brownsville,  Texas.) 

RANGE.  —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  north  central  Arizona,  southern  New 
Mexico,  and  southern  Texas  south  into  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  Coahuila,  and 
Tamaulipas. 

c.  Sturnella  magna  argutula  BANGS.     Southern  Meadowlark.     [50  lc.] 

Sturnella  magna  argutula  BANGS,  Proc.  N.  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  I,  1899,  20. 
(Dunedin,  Hillsboro  Co.,  Florida.) 


236  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  from  southern  Illinois,  southwestern  Indi- 
ana, and  North  Carolina  south  to  the  coast  of  southeastern  Texas,  Louisiana, 
and  Florida. 

Sturnella  neglecta  AUDUBON.     Western  Meadowlark.     [501.1.] 

Sturnella  neglecta  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VII,  1844,  339,  pi.  489.     (Old 
Fort  Union,  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  central  Alberta,  and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  southern 
California,  northern  Mexico,  and  central  Texas;  winters  from  south- 
ern British  Columbia  and  Iowa  south  to  southern  Lower  California, 
Jalisco,  and  Guanajuato;  east  casually  to  Wisconsin,  southern  Michi- 
gan, and  northern  Illinois;  accidental  in  southern  Mackenzie. 


GENUS  ICTERUS  BRISSON. 


Icterus  BRISSON,  Orn.,  II,  1760,  85.     Type,   by  tautonymy,    [Icterus] 
icterus  Brisson  =  Oriolus  icterus  LINN^US. 


SUBGENUS  ICTERUS. 

Icterus  melanoc§phalus  (WAGLER). 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas  south  to  Guatemala. 

a.  [Icterus  melanocephalus  melanocephalus.     ExtralimitaL] 

b.  Icterus  melanocephalus  auduboni  GIRAUD.    Audubon's  Oriole.    [503.] 

Icterus  audubonii  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Sp.  Texas  Birds,  1841,  [3].     (" Texas.") 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas  (casually  to  San  Antonio),  and 
south  in  Mexico  to  Tamaulipas  and  Nuevo  Leon,  and,  at  least  in  winter,  to 
San  Luis  Potosi. 

Icterus  parisoram  BONAPARTE.     Scott's  Oriole.     [504.] 

Icterus  parisorum  BONAPARTE,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1837  (June,  1838), 
110.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southern  California,  southern 
Nevada,  southwestern  Utah,  east  central  New  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas  south  to  Lower  California,  Michoacan,  Hidalgo,  and  Vera 
Cruz;  winters  south  of  the  United  States. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  237 


SUBGENUS  PENDULINUS  VIEILLOT. 

Pendulinus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  33.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Oriolus 
spurius  LINN.EUS  (A.  O.  U.  Committee,  1886). 

Icterus  cucullatus  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  southern  Arizona,  and  south- 
ern California  south  to  Honduras. 

a.  [Icterus  cucullatus  cucullatus.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Icterus  cucullatus  sennetti  RIDGWAY.     Bennett's  Oriole.    [505.] 

Icterus  cucullatus  sennetti  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ill,  April, 
1901,  152.     (Brownsville,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  and  Tamaulipas,  Mexico; 
winters  south  of  the  United  States  to  Morelos. 

c.  Icterus  cucullatus  nelsoni  RIDGWAY.    Arizona  Hooded  Oriole.    [505a.] 

Icterus  cucullatus  nelsoni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII,  1885,  19. 
(Tucson,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  California,  southern  Arizona,  southwestern  New 
Mexico  and  south  to  Lower  California  and  Tepic;  winters  south  of  the  United 
States;  casual  in  central  California. 

Icterus  spurius  (LiNx^us).     Orchard  Oriole.     [506.] 

Oriolus  spurius  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  162.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  North  Dakota, 
northwestern  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  southern  Ontario, 
central  New  York,  and  Massachusetts  south  to  northern  Florida  and 
the  Gulf  coast  to  southern  Texas,  and  in  Mexico  to  Oaxaca  and 
Jalisco,  and  west  to  central  Nebraska  and  western  Kansas;  winters 
from  southern  Mexico  to  northern  Colombia;  casual  north  to  Ver- 
mont, New  Hampshire,  Maine,  and  New  Brunswick,  and  west  to 
Colorado;  occasional  in  southern  Florida  and  Cuba  in  spring  migra- 
tion. 

SUBGENUS  YPHANTES  VIEILLOT. 

Yphantes  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  33.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  "Baltimore 
franc,  Buff."  =  Coracias  galbula  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1855). 


238  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Icterus  galbula  (LiNN^us).     Baltimore  Oriole.     [507.] 

Coracias  galbula  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  108.     (Virginia  or 
Maryland.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  central 
Alberta,  central  Saskatchewan,  Manitoba,  Ontario,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  northern  Texas,  central  Louisiana,  and 
northern  Georgia,  and  west  to  Montana,  Wyoming,  and  Colorado  east 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  migrates  through  eastern  Mexico;  winters 
from  southern  Mexico  through  Central  America  to  Colombia;  acci- 
dental at  York  Factory,  Hudson  Bay,  and  in  Cuba. 

Icterus  bullocki  (SWAINSON).     Bullock's  Oriole.     [508.] 

Xanthornus  bullockii  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  1827,  436.     (Real 
del  Monte,  Hidalgo,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  lower  part  of 
Transition  Zone  southward  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southern 
Alberta,  and  southern  Saskatchewan  to  southern  Texas,  Sonora,  and 
northern  Durango,  and  from  the  Pacific  to  eastern  South  Dakota, 
central  Nebraska,  and  western  Kansas;  in  migration  east  to  eastern 
Kansas;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Colima,  Michoacan,  Guerrero, 
and  Puebla;  accidental  in  New  York  and  Maine. 


GENUS  EUPHAGUS  CASSIN. 

Euphagus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866  (1867),  413.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Psarocolius  cyanocephalus  WAGLER. 

Euphagus  carolinus  (MULLER).     Rusty  Blackbird.     [509.] 

Turdus  carolinus  MULLER,   Natursyst.   Suppl.,    1776,    140.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  and  northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal 
Zone  from  the  Kowak  River,  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Kee- 
watin,  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  southern  Alaska,  central  Alberta, 
southern  Keewatin,  central  Ontario,  New  York,  Vermont,  New  Hamp- 
shire, northern  Maine,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia;  winters 


ORDER   PASSERES.  239 

mainly  south  of  the  Ohio  and  Delaware  valleys  to  the  Gulf  coast ;  west 
in  migration  to  the  Plains ;  casual  in  British  Columbia,  Montana,  and 
Colorado;  accidental  in  California,  Lower  California,  and  Greenland. 

Euphagus  cyanocephalus  (WAGLER).     Brewer's  Blackbird.     [510.] 

Psarocolius  cyanocephalus  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXII,   1829,  758.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  British 
Columbia,  Athabaska  Landing,  Alberta,  and  southwestern  Keewatin 
to  northern  Lower  California,  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas,  and 
from  the  Pacific  to  northwestern  Minnesota,  western  Nebraska,  and 
Kansas;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  Kansas  south 
to  Guatemala;  in  migration  east  casually  to  Wisconsin,  Illinois, 
Missouri,  Louisiana,  and  South  Carolina. 


GENUS  QUISCALUS  VIEILLOT. 

Quiscalus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  36.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Gracula 
quiscula  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Quiscalus  quiscula  (LINNJETJS). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

a.    Quiscalus  quiscula  quiscula  (LIXN.EUS).     Purple  Crackle.     [511.] 

Gracula  quiscula  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758  109.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Middle  Atlantic  coast  region  of  the  United  States.  Breeds  in  the 
Carolinian  Fauna  from  the  north  shore  of  Long  Island  Sound  and  the  lower 
Hudson  Valley  west  to  the  Alleghenies  and  south  to  the  uplands  of  Georgia, 
Alabama,  and  eastern  Tennessee ;  winters  mainly  south  of  the  Delaware  Valley. 

6.     Quiscalus  quiscula  aglaeus  BAIRD.     Florida  Grackle.     [51  la.] 

Quiscalus  aglceus  BAIRD,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLI,  Jan.,  1866,  84. 
(Cape  Florida,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  South  Atlantic  coast  from  South  Carolina  to  Florida,  and  west  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  Gulf  States  to  southeastern  Texas. 

c.    Quiscalus  quiscula  aeneus  RIDGWAY.    Bronzed  Grackle.    [5116.] 

Quiscalus  ceneus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1869, 134.    (Mount 
Carmel,  Illinois.) 


240  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Central  and  eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  Great  Slave 
Lake,  central  Keewatin,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  Montana 
and  Colorado  (east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains)  and  southeast  to  the  northern 
parts  of  the  Gulf  States,  western  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and  Massachusetts 
(south  of  New  York  breeds  only  west  of  the  Alleghenies) ;  winters  mainly 
from  the  Ohio  Valley  south  to  southern  Texas;  casual  in  migration  on  the 
south  Atlantic  coast. 


GENUS  MEGAQUISCALUS  CASSIN. 

Megaquiscalus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866  (1867),  409. 
Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Quiscalus  major  VIEILLOT  (Sclater,  1886). 

Megaquiscalus  major  (VIEILLOT). 

RANGE. —  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  south  in  the  lowlands  and 
southern  part  of  the  tableland  in  Mexico  (both  coasts)  to  northern 
South  America. 

a.  Megaquiscalus  major  major  (VIEILLOT).    Boat-tailed  Crackle.    [513.] 

Quiscalus  major  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.   d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXVIII,   1819, 

487.     (Mexico  and  Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from 
Chesapeake  Bay  to  Florida  and  west  to  the  eastern  coast  of  Texas. 

b.  Megaquiscalus    major    macrourus    (SWAINSON).    Great-tailed    Crackle. 

[513a.] 
Quiscalus  macrourus  SWAINSON,  Anim.  in  Menag.,  1838,  299.     (Real  del 

Monte,  Hidalgo,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Texas  south  through  eastern  Mexico,  Yucatan,  and 
Central  America  to  northern  Colombia,  and  west  over  the  southern  part  of 
the  Mexican  tableland  to  Michoacan  and  Jalisco. 


FAMILY  FRINGILLIDJE.    FINCHES,  SPARROWS,  ETC. 

GENUS  HESPERIPHONA  BONAPARTE. 

Hesperiphona  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  I,  1850,  505.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Fringilla  vespertina  W.  COOPER. 

Hesperiphona  vespertina  (COOPER). 

RANGE. —  Central  and  western  North  America  from  Alberta  south 
to  northern  Mexico. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  241 

a.  Hesperiphona  vespertina  vespertina   (W.  COOPER).    Evening  Grosbeak. 

[514.] 

Fringilla  vespertina  W.  COOPER,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  I,  ii,  1825,  220. 
(Sault  Sainte  Marie,  Michigan.) 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America.  Breeds  in  western  Alberta ;  winters 
in  the  interior  of  North  America  south  of  the  Saskatchewan  and  east  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  south  more  or  less  irregularly  to  Missouri,  Kentucky, 
and  Ohio,  and  east  irregularly  to  western  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  New 
England,  and  Quebec. 

b.  Hesperiphona  vespertina   montana   RIDGWAY.    Western  Evening  Gros- 

beak.    [514a.] 

Hesperiphona  vespertina  var.  montana  RIDGWAY,  in  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds,  I, 
1874,  449.     (Cantonment  Burgwyn,  near  Taos,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Colum- 
bia and  northwestern  Montana  to  the  Sierra  of  central  California  and  to  west 
central  Chihuahua,  and  east  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico;  winters  irregularly  over  western  United  States  and  northern  Mexico 
west  of  the  Plains. 


GENUS  PINICOLA  VIEILLOT. 


Pinicola  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807,  iv.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Pinicola  rvbra  VIEILLOT  =  Loxia  enucleator  LINN^JUS. 


Pinicola  enucleator 
RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

a.    [Pinicola  enucleator  enucleator.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Pinicola  enucleator  leucura  (MULLER).    Pine  Grosbeak.    [515.] 

Loxia  leucura  MULLER,  Natursyst.  Suppl.,  1776,  150.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  forests  from 
northwestern  Mackenzie  (Great  Bear  Lake),  central  Keewatin,  and  northern 
Ungava  to  the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  Maine,  central  New 
Brunswick,  southern  Nova  Scotia,  and  Cape  Breton  Island;  winters  south  to 
Iowa,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  northern  New  Jersey,  and  southern  New 
England,  and  casually  to  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Kentucky;  west  to 
Manitoba,  Minnesota,  and  eastern  Kansas. 


242  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

c.  Pinicola  enucleator  montana  RIDGWAY.     Rocky  Mountain  Pine  Grosbeak. 

[515a.] 

Pinicola  enucleator  montana  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  Oct.,  1898,  319.     (Bear 
Creek,  Gallatin  Co.,  Montana.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  summits  of  Rocky  Mountains  from  west  central  Alberta, 
Idaho,  and  Montana  to  northern  New  Mexico. 

d.  Pinicola  enucleator  californica  PRICE.    California  Pine  Grosbeak.    [5156.] 

Pinicola  enucleator  californica  PRICE,  Auk,  XIV,  April,  1897,  182.     (Pyra- 
mid Peak,  at  7,500  ft.,  near  Echo,  Eldorado  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Boreal  Zone  of  the  central  Sierra  Nevada,  from  Placer 
County  to  Fresno  County,  California. 

' .     Pinicola  enucleator  alascensis  RIDGWAY.    Alaska  Pine  Grosbeak.     [515r.] 

Pinicola  enucleator  alascensis  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  Oct.,  1898,  319.    (Nush- 
agak,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  North  America  except  the  Pacific  coast  district. 
Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  northwestern  Alaska  and  northwestern  Mackenzie 
to  northern  Washington;  winters  south  to  eastern  British  Columbia  and 
the  Bitterroot  Valley,  Montana. 

/.     Pinicola  enucleator  fldmmula  HOMEYER.    Kadiak  Pine  Grosbeak.    [515d.] 

Pinicola  flammula  HOMEYER,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1880,  156.     ("  Nordwest- 
amerika.") 

RANGE. —  Southern  Alaska.  Breeds  on  Kadiak  Island  and  coast  region 
south  at  least  to  Sitka;  winters  along  the  coast  south  to  British  Columbia. 


[GENUS  PYRRHULA  BRISSON. 

Pyrrhula  BRISSON,  Orn.,  Ill,  1760,  308.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  [Pyrrhula] 
pyrrhula  BRISSON  =  Loxia  pyrrhula  LINN^JUS. 

Pyrrhula  cassini  BAIRD.     Cassin's  Bullfinch.     [516.] 

Pyrrhula  coccinea  var.  cassinii  BAIRD,  Trans.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  i, 
1869,  316,  pi.  xxix,  fig.  1.     (Nulato,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Central   and   southern   Siberia;    accidental   at   Nulato, 
Alaska.] 


ORDER   PASSERES.  243 


GENUS  CARPODACUS  KATJP. 

Carpodacus  KAUP,  Skizz.  Entw.-Gesch.  Eur.  Thierw.,  1829,  161.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Loxia  erythrina  PAL»LAS  (Gray,  1855). 

SUBGENUS  CARPODACUS. 

Carpodacus  purpureus  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southern  Canada  south  to  the  south- 
ern border  of  the  United  States. 

a.     Carpodacus  purpureus  purpureus  (GMELIN).     Purple  Finch.     [517.] 
Fringilla  purpurea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  923.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition 
zones  from  central  British  Columbia,  northeastern  Alberta,  northern  Ontario 
(Moose  Factory),  central  Quebec  (Gaspe  Basin),  and  Newfoundland  to  south- 
ern Alberta,  North  Dakota  (Turtle  Mountains),  central  Minnesota,  northern 
Illinois,  Pennsylvania  (mountains),  northern  New  Jersey,  and  Long  Island; 
winters  from  considerably  north  of  the  southern  boundary  of  its  breeding 
range  to  the  Gulf  coast  from  Texas  to  Florida;  accidental  in  Colorado. 

&.    Carpodacus    purpureus    calif  ornicus    BAIRD.    California    Purple    Finch. 

[517a.] 

Carpodacus  calif  ornicus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
413.     (Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  In  Upper  Sonoran  and  Transition  zones  from  southern 
British  Columbia  and  Vancouver  Island  to  Riverside  County,  California,  and 
east  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Cascade  mountains;  in  winter  to  extreme  south- 
ern California  and  the  Santa  Catalina  Mountains,  Arizona. 

Carpodacus  cassini  BAIRD.     Cassin's  Purple  Finch.     [518.] 

Carpodacus  cassinii  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1854,  119  ("Camp 
104,  Pueblo  Creek,"  about  10  miles  east  of  Gemini  Peaks,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  of 
mountains  from  southern  British  Columbia,  northwestern  Montana, 
and  northeastern  Wyoming  to  northern  Lower  California,  central 
Arizona,  and  northern  New  Mexico;  winters  from  central  California 
and  southern  Arizona  south  over  the  Mexican  plateau  to  Mt.  Orizaba, 
San  Luis  Potosi,  and  the  Valley  of  Mexico. 


244  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


SUBGENUS  BURRICA  RIDGWAY. 

Burrica  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  390.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Fringilla  mexicana  MULLER. 

Carpodacus  mexicanus  (MULLER). 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  south  to  southern  border  of  the 
tableland  of  Mexico. 

a.    [Carpodacus  mexicanus  mexicanus.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Carpodacus  mexicanus  frontalis  (SAY).    House  Finch.    [519.] 

Fringilla  frontalis  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  II,  1823,  40  (note).     (Near 
Pueblo,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  from  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  south- 
eastern Wyoming  south  to  Lower  California  (northern  half),  Sonora,  northern 
Chihuahua,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  Tamaulipas,  and  east  to  the  edge  of  the  Plains 
(western  Kansas  and  middle  Texas). 

c.  Carpodacus  mexicanus  ruberrimus  RIDGWAY.    San  Lucas  House  Finch. 

[5196.] 

Carpodacus  frontalis  ruberrimus  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  391 
(note) .     (La  Paz,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  half  of  Lower  California. 

d.  Carpodacus  mexicanus  dementis  MEARNS.     San  Clemente  House  Finch. 

[519c.] 

Carpodacus  dementis  MEARNS,  Auk,  XV,  July,  1898,  258.     (San  Clemente 
Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Santa  Barbara  Islands,  California,  and  Coronados,  Todos  Santos, 
and  Cerros  islands,  Lower  California. 

Carpodacus  amplus  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  House  Finch.    [520.] 

Carpodacus  amplus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  No.  2, 
April,  1876,  187.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 


Carpodacus  mcgregori  ANTHONY.     McGregor's  House  Finch.     [520.1.] 

Carpodacus  mcgregori  ANTHONY,   Auk,   XIV,   Aj 
Benito  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Benito  Island,  Lower  California. 


Carpodacus  mcgregori  ANTHONY,   Auk,   XIV,   April,    1897,    165.     (San 
Benito  Island,  Lower  California.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  245 


GENUS  LOXIA  LINNAEUS. 

Loxia  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  171.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Loxia  curvirostra  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Loxia  curvirostra  LINN^US. 

RANGE. —  Europe,  northern  Asia,  and  northern  North  America, 
south  in  mountains  (in  North  America  south  to  Guatemala). 

a.    [Loxia  curvirostra  curvirostra.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Loiia  curvirostra  minor  (BREHM).     Crossbill.     [521.] 

Crucirostra  minor  BREHM,  Allg.  deutsche   Naturhist.    Zeitung,  I,   1846, 
532  (note).     (Eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Alaska,  northern 
Mackenzie,  central  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  California  (Sierra 
Nevada  and  San  Bernardino  Mountains),  southern  Colorado,  Michigan,  and 
in  the  Alleghenies  of  northern  Georgia  (casually  in  Massachusetts,  Maryland, 
and  Virginia) ;  winters  irregularly  south  to  southern  California,  New  Mexico, 
northern  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Florida;  casual  in  Lower  California,  Guadalupe 
Island,  and  Bermuda. 

c.    Loxia  curvirostra  stricklandi  RIDGWAY.    Mexican  Crossbill.    [521  a.] 

Loxia  curvirostra  stricklandi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII,  1885, 
354.     (Near  City  of  Mexico,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  High  mountains  of  Arizona  (San  Francisco,  Chiricahua,  Santa 
Catalina,  and  Mogollon  mountains),  central  New  Mexico,  western  Texas,  and 
the  higher  mountains  of  Mexico  to  Chancus,  Guatemala. 

Loxia  leucoptera  GMELIN.     White-winged  Crossbill.    [522.] 

Loxia  leucoptera  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  844.     (Hudson  Bay  and 

New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from 
the  limit  of  trees  in  northern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  southern  British  Columbia, 
southern  Alberta,  central  Ontario,  New  York  (Adirondacks),  New 
Hampshire  (White  Mountains)  southern  Maine,  and  southern  Nova 
Scotia ;  winters  in  much  of  its  breeding  area  and  southward  irregularly 
to  northern  Oregon  (Cascades),  Nevada,  Colorado,  Kansas,  southern 
Illinois,  southern  Ohio,  and  North  Carolina;  more  or  less  frequent  in 
Greenland,  British  Isles,  and  Helgoland. 


246  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  LEUCOSTICTE  SWAINSON. 

Leucosticte  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  265.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Linaria  (Leucosticte)  tephrocotis  SWAINSON. 

Leucosticte  griseonucha  (BRANDT).     Aleutian  Rosy  Finch.     [523.] 

Fringilla  (Linaria)  griseonucha  BRANDT,  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.- 
Petersb.,  X,  1842,  252.  ("  Insulae  Aleuticse,"  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Islands  of  Bering  Sea  (St.  Matthew,  Commander,  Pribilof, 
and  Aleutian  groups),  western  part  of  Alaska  Peninsula,  and  Shu- 
magin  Islands;  winters  east  to  Kadiak  Island. 

Leucosticte  tephrocotis  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  south,  in  winter,  to  mountains 
of  California  and  Colorado. 

a.  Leucosticte    tephrocotis    tephrocotis    SWAINSON.      Gray-crowned    Rosy 

Finch.     [524.] 

Linaria  (Leucosticte)  tephrocotis  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831 
(1832),  265,  pi.  50.  (Saskatchewan  River,  probably  near  Carlton 
House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Alpine  Zone  of 
east  central  Alaska,  west  central  Yukon,  western  Alberta,  and  higher  parts  of 
White  Mountains  and  southern  Sierra  of  California ;  in  winter  and  in  migra- 
tion west  to  the  Cascade  Range,  east  to  the  Saskatchewan  plains  and  Mani- 
toba, north  to  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  south  to  Utah,  Colorado  and  western 
Nebraska. 

b.  Leucosticte  tephrocotis  littoralis  BAIRD.     Hepburn's  Rosy  Finch.     [524a.] 

Leucosticte  littoralis  BAIRD,  Trans.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  i,  1869,  318,  pi. 
28,  fig.  1.  (Port  Simpson,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  western  North  America.  Occurs  in  summer  and 
probably  breeds  above  timberline  on  mountains  from  Alaska  Peninsula  east 
and  south  to  Washington ;  winters  along  the  Pacific  coast  from  Kadiak  Island 
to  Vancouver  Island,  and  southeastward  in  mountains  to  Oregon,  Nevada, 
Utah,  and  Colorado;  casual  in  Minnesota. 

Leucosticte  atrdta  RIDGWAY.     Black  Rosy  Finch.     [525.] 

Leucosticte  atrata  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Sportsman,  IV,  July  18,  1874,  241. 
(Canon  City,  Colorado.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  247 

RANGE. —  Northern  Rocky  Mountains.  Breeds  in  the  Salmon 
River  Mountains,  Idaho,  Uintah  Mountains,  northern  Utah,  and 
probably  other  northern  ranges;  winters  south  to  southern  Utah,  Col- 
orado, and  southeastern  Wyoming. 

Leucosticte  australis  RIDGWAY.     Brown-capped  Rosy  Finch.    [526.] 

Leucosticte  tephrocotis  var.  australis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V,  Dec., 
1873,  197.     (Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  ft.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Alpine  Zone  of  the  mountains  of  Colorado  and 
perhaps  northern  New  Mexico;  winters  mostly  in  the  valleys  of  Colo- 
rado, and  southward  into  New  Mexico. 


GENUS  ACANTHIS  BORKHAUSEN. 

Acanthis  BORKHAUSEN,  Deutsche  Fauna,  I,  1797,  248.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Fringitta  linaria  LINNAEUS  (Stejneger,  1884). 

Acanthis  hornemanni  (HOLBOLL). 

RANGE. —  Arctic  and  subarctic  parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
migrating  south  in  winter  to  the  northern  border  of  the  United  States 
and  to  corresponding  latitudes  in  the  Old  World. 

a.  Acanthis  hornemanni  hornemanni  (HOLBOLL).    Greenland  Redpoll.    [527.] 

Linota  hornemanni  HOLBOLL,  Naturh.  Tidsskr.,  IV,  1843,  398.     (North 
Greenland,  above  Lat.  69°  N.  in  summer.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  America  and  Europe.  Breeds  in  Greenland  north  to  70° 
and  in  Iceland;  winters  in  its  breeding  area  and  southward  to  Ungava; 
casual  at  Fort  Churchill,  Hudson  Bay,  and  Gait,  Ontario;  accidental  in 
England  and  France. 

b.  Acanthis  hornemanni  exilipes  (COUES).    Hoary  Redpoll.    [527 a.] 

Mgioihus  exilipes  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1861,  385.     (Fort 
Simpson,  Mackenzie.) 

RANGE. —  Arctic  America  and  northeastern  Asia.  Breeds  from  western 
Alaska  to  Ungava,  and  on  Chukche  Peninsula,  northeastern  Asia;  winters 
occasionally  southward  to  British  Columbia,  Montana,  northern  Minnesota, 
Michigan,  Illinois,  Ontario,  Maine,  and  Massachusetts,  and  in  Asia  to  the 
Commander  Islands  and  northern  Japan. 


248  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Acanthis  linaria  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere,  south  in  winter 
to  middle  temperate  latitudes. 

a.  Acanthis  linaria  linaria  (LINNAEUS).    Redpoll.    [528.] 

Fringilla  linaria  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  182.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  in  North 
America  in  Boreal  zones  from  northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  and 
northern  Ungava  south  to  northern  Alberta,  central  Keewatin,  and  islands  of 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence ;  winters  in  more  northern  parts  of  United  States,  irregu- 
larly south  to  Lassen  County,  California,  southeastern  Oregon,  Colorado, 
Kansas,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Virginia;  casual  in  Alabama  and  Bermuda. 

b.  Acanthis  linaria  holbcelli  (BREHM).    HolbolTs  RedpoU.    [528a.] 

Linaria  holbcellii  BREHM,  Handbuch  Vogel  Deutschl.,  1831,  280.     (Middle 
Germany  —  winter  migrant.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  on  Herschel 
Island;  south  in  winter  to  Germany,  Japan,  and  southeastern  Siberia;  occa- 
sional in  migration  to  northwestern  Alaska  and  southeast  to  Keewatin,  Iowa, 
Illinois,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  and  Quebec. 

c.  Acanthis  linaria  rostr£ta  (COUES).    Greater  Redpoll.    [5286.] 

JZgiothus  restrains  COUES,   Proc.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci.    Phila.,    1861,    378. 
(Jakobshavn,  Greenland.) 

RANGE. —  Resident  in  Greenland.  In  winter  south  through  Manitoba, 
Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Ungava  to  Colorado,  northern  Illinois,  Michigan,  north- 
ern Indiana,  southern  New  York,  and  Massachusetts. 


GENUS  ASTRAGALINUS  CABANIS. 

Astragalinus  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  159.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Fringilla  tristis  LINN^SUS  (Gray,  1855). 

Astragalinus  tristis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southern  Canada  south  in  winter 
to  the  Gulf  coast  and  Mexico. 

a.    Astragalinus  tristis  tristis  (LiNN2BUs).    Goldfinch.    [529.] 

Fringilla  tristis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  181.     (Carolina, 
Virginia,  and  New  York.) 


ORDER    PASSERES.  249 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Canadian,  Transition, 
and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  southern  Manitoba,  central  Quebec,  and  New- 
foundland south  to  eastern  Colorado,  southern  Oklahoma,  central  Arkansas, 
and  northern  Georgia;  winters  over  most  of  its  breeding  area  and  southward 
to  the  Gulf  coast. 

b.  Astragalinus  tristis  pallidus  (MEARNS).     Pale  Goldfinch.     [529a.] 

Spinus  tristis  paUidus  MEARNS,  Auk,  VII,  July,  1890,  244.     (Fort  Verde, 
Yavapai  Co.,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  plateau.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  Zone 
from  southeastern  British  Columbia  and  southwestern  Manitoba  south  to 
central  Nevada  and  southern  Colorado;  in  winter  south  to  Vera  Cruz. 

c.  Astragalinus  tristis  salicamans  (GRINNELL).    Willow  Goldfinch.    [5296.] 

Spinus  tristis  salicamans  GRINNELL,  Auk,  XIV,  Oct.,  1897,  397.     (Pasa- 
dena, California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region,  from  Washington  to  southern  California; 
south  in  winter  to  central  Lower  California. 

Astragalinus  psaltria  (SAY). 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  southward  through  Mexico 
and  Central  America  to  northern  South  America. 

a.  Astragalinus  psaltria  psaltria  (SAY).    Arkansas  Goldfinch.    [530.] 

Fringilla  psaltria  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  II,  1823,  40  (note).     (Near 
Pueblo,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Colorado  to  central  northern  Texas  and  south  through- 
out Mexico,  except  the  northwestern  and  extreme  southern  portions;  casual 
in  Wyoming. 

b.  Astragalinus  psaltria   hesperophilus   OBERHOLSER.    Green-backed  Gold- 

finch.    [530  a.] 

Astragalinus  psaltria  hesperophilus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XVI,  Sept.  30,  1903,  116.     (San  Bernardino,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran  and 
Transition  zones  from  southern  Oregon  and  Utah  to  southern  Lower  California, 
Sonora,  and  extreme  southwestern  New  Mexico;  winters  from  central  Califor- 
nia to  Cape  San  Lucas. 

Astragalinus  lawrencei  (CASSIN).     Lawrence's  Goldfinch.     [531.] 

Carduelis  lawrencei  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1850,  105,  pi.  v. 
(Sonoma  and  San  Diego,  California.) 


250  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  of  California, 
west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  about  latitude  40°  south  into  northern 
Lower  California;  winters  over  most  of  its  breeding  range  and  east 
to  Arizona  and  western  New  Mexico. 


GENUS  SPINUS  KOCH. 

Spinus  KOCH,  Syst.  Baier.  Zool.,  1816,  233.     Type,  by  tautonymy,  Frin- 
gilla  spinus  LINNAEUS. 

[Spinus  notatus  (Du  Bus).     Black-headed  Goldfinch.     [532.] 

Carduelis  notata  Du  Bus,  Bull.  Acad.  Roy.  Belg.,  XIV,  Pt.  2,  1847,  106. 
(Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  and  City  of  Mexico  to  Guatemala 
and  mountains  of  western  Honduras;  accidental  in  Kentucky.] 

Spinus  pinus  (WILSON).     Pine  Siskin.     [533.] 

Fringilla  pinus  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  133,  pi.  17,  fig.  1.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian  zone  from 
central  Alaska,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  and  southern 
Ungava  south  through  the  higher  mountains  of  western  United  States 
to  San  Pedro  Martir,  Lower  California,  and  southern  New  Mexico, 
and  to  northern  Minnesota,  northern  Michigan,  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  in  mountains  to  North  Carolina,  and  casually  in  the 
lower  Hudson  Valley  and  Massachusetts ;  occurs  in  winter  over  most 
of  the  United  States  south  to  northern  Mexico;  casual  in  southern 
Lower  California. 


GENUS  PLECTROPHENAX  STEJNEGER. 

Pkctrophenax  STEJNEGER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882,  33.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Emberiza  nivalis  LINNAEUS. 

Plectrophenax  nivalis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern   half   of   Northern   Hemisphere,    breeding   in 
Arctic  and  subarctic  regions. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  251 

a.  Plectrophenax  nivalis  nivalis  (LINNAEUS).     Snow  Bunting.     [534.] 

Emberiza  nivalis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  176.     (Lapland.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  in  Arctic 
Zone  from  at  least  83°  north  (including  Greenland)  to  northern  parts  of  main- 
land from  Alaska  to  Ungava;  winters  from  Unalaska,  southern  Alberta,  south- 
ern Keewatin,  and  southern  Ungava  south  to  northern  United  States  and 
irregularly  to  northern  California,  Colorado,  Kansas,  southern  Indiana,  south- 
ern Ohio,  and  Florida ;  casual  in  Bermuda. 

b.  Plectrophenax  nivalis  townsendi  RIDGWAY.   Pribilof  Snow  Bunting.    [534a.J 

Plectrophenax  nivalis  townsendi  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,   1887, 
403.     (Otter  Island,  Bering  Sea.) 

RANGE. —  Siberian  coast  of  Bering  Sea  and  Commander,  Pribilof,  Aleutian, 
and  Shumagin  Islands. 

Pie  ctrophenax  hype rboreus  RIDGWAY.     McKay's  Snow  Bunting.    [535.] 

Plectrophenax  hyperboreus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII,  1884, 
68.     (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  on  Hall  and  St.  Matthew  islands,  Bering  Sea; 
migrates  in  winter  to  the  mainland  of  western  Alaska  (St.  Michael, 
Kuskokwim  River,  and  Nushagak). 


GENUS  CALCARIUS  BECHSTEIN. 

Calcarius  BECHSTEIN,  Orn.  Taschenb.  Deutschl.,  I,  1802,  130.     Type,.  by 
monotypy,  Fringilla  lapponica  LINNAEUS. 


Calcarius  lapponicus  ( 

RANGE.  —  Greater  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  in  Arctic 
regions. 

a.    Calcarius  lapponicus  lapponicus  (LINNAEUS).    Lapland  Longspur.    [536.] 

Fringilla  lapponica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  1,  1758,  180.     (Lapland.) 

RANGE.  —  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North  America  breeds  from  about 
latitude  73°  on  Arctic  islands  and  west  Greenland,  and  from  latitude  75°  in 
east  Greenland  south  to  limit  of  trees  in  Mackenzie  (at  least  as  far  west  as 
longitude  120°),  central  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava;  winters  from  south- 
ern Quebec  and  northern  central  United  States  irregularly  south  to  the 
Middle  States  and  Texas,  rarely  to  Kentucky  and  South  Carolina. 


252  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

6.    Calcarius  lapponicus  alascensis  RIDGWAY.    Alaska  Longspur.    [536a.] 

Calcarius  lapponicus  alascensis  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  Oct.,  1898,  320.  (St. 
Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  northern  Alaska,  including 
the  Pribilof,  Aleutian,  and  Shumagin  islands,  and  east  to  mouth  of  Mackenzie 
River;  winters  south  to  eastern  Oregon,  Nevada,  Colorado,  and  western  Kan- 
sas; in  migration  east  to  Fort  Resolution;  accidental  in  California. 

Calcarius  pictus  (SWAINSON).     Smith's  Longspur.     [537.] 

Emberiza  (Plectrophanes}  picta  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831 
(1832),  250,  pi.  49.  (Carlton  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  North  America.  Breeds  in  Arctic  Zone  on 
the  barren  grounds  from  Fort  Anderson,  Mackenzie,  east  to  Hudson 
Bay  (Fort  Churchill);  has  been  taken  west  to  Fort  Yukon;  winters 
from  Kansas  to  central  Texas;  east  in  migration  to  the  prairies  of 
Illinois  and  southwestern  Indiana;  casual  in  South  Carolina. 

Calcarius  ornatus  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Chestnut-collared  Longspur. 
[538.] 

Plectrophanes  ornata  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  Pt. 
ii,  1837,  189.  (Prairies  of  Platte  River,  probably  near  forks  of  the 
Platte,  in  western  Nebraska.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  region.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper 
Austral  zones  from  Montana,  southeastern  Alberta,  southern  Saskatch- 
ewan, and  Manitoba  south  to  east  central  Wyoming,  central  Kansas, 
eastern  Nebraska,  and  western  Minnesota;  winters  from  Colorado, 
Nebraska,  and  Iowa  to  Arizona,  Sonora,  and  the  southern  end  of  the 
Mexican  tableland;  accidental  in  Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  York 
(Long  Island),  and  Maryland. 


GENUS  RHYNCHOPHANES  BAIRD. 

Rhynchophanes  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  432. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Plectrophanes  mccownii  LAWRENCE. 

Rhynchophanes  mccowni  (LAWRENCE).     McCown's  Longspur.     [539.] 

Plectrophanes  mccownii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  1851,  122. 
(High  prairies  of  western  Texas.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  253 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  region.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  Zone 
from  central  Alberta  and  southern  Saskatchewan  to  southeastern 
Wyoming,  northeastern  Colorado,  and  southwestern  Minnesota; 
winters  from  Colorado  and  Kansas  south  through  Arizona  and  Texas 
to  northern  Sonora  and  Durango;  casual  in  migration  to  eastern 
British  Columbia,  Idaho,  and  Illinois. 


GENUS  POQ3CETES  BAIRD. 

Poacetes  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  xx,  xxxix. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Fringilla  graminea  GMELIN. 

Pocecetes  gramineus  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America,  south  in  winter  as  far  as 
southern  Mexico. 

a.  Pooecetes  gramineus  gramineus  (GMELIN).    Vesper  Sparrow.    [540.] 
Fringilla  graminea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  922.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Canadian,  Transition, 
and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  southwestern  Keewatin,  central  Ontario,  central 
Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  eastern  Nebraska,  central  Missouri, 
Kentucky,  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina,  west  to  western  Minnesota;  winters 
from  the  southern  part  of  its  breeding  range  to  the  Gulf  coast,  west  to  middle 
Texas;  casual  in  Bermuda  and  Yucatan. 

b.  Pooecetes  gramineus  confinis  BAIRD.     Western  Vesper  Sparrow.     [540 a.] 

Pooecetes  gramineus  var.  confinis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac., 
IX,  1858,  448.     (Loup  Fork  of  Platte  River,  Nebraska.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Canadian,  Transition, 
and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  northeastern 
Alberta,  and  southern  Saskatchewan  to  middle  eastern  California,  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  and  Texas,  and  east  to  middle  of  the  Great  Plains ;  winters  from 
southern  California  and  central  Texas  to  Lower  California  and  southern  Mex- 
ico (Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  and  Oaxaca). 

c.  Pooecetes   gramineus   affinis   G.  S.  MILLER.     Oregon   Vesper  Sparrow. 

[5406.] 

Pooccetes  gramineus  affinis  MILLER,  Auk,  V,  Oct.,  1888,  404.     (Salem, 
Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  Coast  region.  Breeds  from  British  Columbia  to  north- 
western Oregon;  winters  from  southern  California  to  Cape  San  Lucas. 


254  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  PASSERCULUS  BONAPARTE. 

Passerculus  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  33.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Fringilla  savanna  WILSON  (Gray,  1840). 

Passerculus  princeps  MAYNARD.     Ipswich  Sparrow.    [541.] 

Passerculus  princeps  MAYNARD,  Amer.  Nat.,  VI,  1872,  637.     (Ipswich, 

Mass.) 

RANGE. — North  Atlantic  coast.  Breeds  on  Sable  Island,  Nova 
Scotia;  winters  from  Sable  Island  southward  along  the  Atlantic  coast 
to  Georgia. 

Passerculus  sandwichensis  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  the  Arctic  coast  south  to  Guatemala 
and  the  West  Indies,  breeding  in  the  East  mostly  north  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  West  south  to  the  southern  part  of  the  Mexican  table- 
land. 

a.    Passerculus  sandwichensis  sandwichensis  (GMELIN).    Aelutian  Savannah 
Sparrow.     [542.] 

Emberiza  sandwichensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  875.     (Unalaska, 
Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast.  Breeds  on  Unalaska  and  contiguous  islands; 
winters  eastward  and  southward  along  the  coast  of  British  Columbia,  rarely 
to  northern  California. 

'}>.     Passerculus  sandwichensis  savanna  (WILSON).   Savannah  Sparrow.   [542 a.] 

Fringilla  savanna  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  55,  pi.  22,  fig.  3.     (Near 
Great  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Boreal  and  Transi- 
tion zones  from  central  Keewatin  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  northern 
Iowa  (casually  Missouri),  northern  Indiana,  mountains  of  Pennsylvania, 
Connecticut,  and  Long  Island,  and  casually  in  southern  New  Jersey;  winters 
from  southern  Indiana  and  southern  New  Jersey  south  to  northeastern  Mexico, 
the  Gulf  coast,  Bahamas,  and  Cuba ;  casual  in  Bermuda. 

c.    Passerculus   sandwichensis   alaudinus   BONAPARTE.    Western   Savannah 
Sparrow.     [5426.] 

Passerculus  alaudinus  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXVII,   1853, 
918.     (California.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  255 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  Arctic  coast  of  Alaska 
and  Mackenzie  to  southern  part  of  Mexican  tableland,  Puebla,  and  Tlaxcala, 
and  from  the  Pacific  coast  north  of  California  to  the  western  border  of  the 
Great  Plains  (in  migration  to  middle  of  the  Plains) ;  winters  from  northern 
California  and  northern  Texas  to  Lower  California,  Mexico  (except  the  tropi- 
cal border),  and  south  to  Guatemala. 

d.    Passerculus  sandwichensis  bryanti  RIDGWAY.    Bryant's  Sparrow.    [542 c.] 

Passerculus  sandwichensis  bryanti  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII, 
1885,  517.     (Oakland,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  California.  Breeds  on  salt  marshes  from  Humboldt 
Bay  to  San  Francisco  Bay;  winters  coastwise  to  southern  California;  occa- 
sional in  the  Valley  of  Mexico. 

Passerculus  beldingi  RIDGWAY.     Belding's  Sparrow.     [543.] 

Passerculus  beldingi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII,  1885,  516. 
(San  Diego,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  southern  California  and  Lower  Cali- 
fornia from  Santa  Barbara  to  Todos  Santos  Island  and  San  Quintin 
Bay. 

Passerculus  rostratus  (CASSIN). 

RANGE. —  Southern  California,  Lower  California,  and  adjacent 
islands. 

a.  Passerculus  rostratus  rostratus  (CASSIN).    Large-billed  Sparrow.     [544.] 

Emberiza  rostrata  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1852,  184. 
(San  Diego,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  southern  California  and  Lower  California.  Breeding 
range  unknown,  but  probably  from  about  San  Pedro,  California,  to  near  San 
Quintin  Bay,  Lower  California;  winters  from  San  Pedro  southward  along 
both  coasts  of  Lower  California  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  and  on  Todos  Santos 
Island  and  coast  of  Sonora  as  far  as  Guaymas;  casual  in  Arizona. 

b.  Passerculus  rostratus  guttatus  LAWRENCE.    San  Lucas  Sparrow.    [544a.] 

Passerculus  guttatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VIII,  1867,  473. 
(San  Jose"  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California.  Breeds  on  Abreojos  Point;  winters  in  south- 
ern part  of  the  Peninsula  (San  Jose  del  Cabo). 


256  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

c.     Passerculus  rostratus  sanctorum  RIDGWAY.    San  Benito  Sparrow.    [544c.] 

Passerculus  sanctorum  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1883,  538. 
(San  Benito  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Benito  Island,  Lower  California ;  south  in  winter  to  the  Cape 
Region. 


GENUS  AMMODRAMUS  SWAINSON. 

Ammodramus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  435.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Ammodramus  bimaculatus  SWAINSON. 

SUBGENUS  CENTRONYX  BAIRD. 

Centronyx  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  440.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Emberiza  bairdii  AUDUBON. 

Ammodramus  bairdi  (AUDUBON).     Baird's  Sparrow.     [545.] 

Emberiza  bairdii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VII,  1844,  359,  pi.  500.     (East- 
ern Montana,  near  Old  Fort  Union,  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  region.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition 
Zone  from  southwestern  Saskatchewan  and  southwestern  Keewatin 
to  central  Montana,  central  North  Dakota,  and  northwestern  Minne- 
sota; migrates  through  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  and  winters  from 
central  Texas  to  Chihuahua  and  northern  Sonora;  accidental  on  Long 
Island,  N.  Y. 


SUBGENUS  AMMODRAMUS  SWAINSON. 

Ammodramus  savannarum  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  United  States  south  to  the  West  Indies,  Central  America, 
and  northern  South  America. 

a.  [Ammodramus  savannarum  savannarum.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Ammodramus  savannarum  australis  MAYNARD.    Grasshopper  Sparrow. 

[546.] 

Ammodromus  australis  MAYNARD,  Amer.  Exch.  and  Mart,  III,  1887,  33. 
(Nassau,  New  Providence,  Bahamas.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  257 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Austral  zones  (sporadically 
in  Transition)  east  of  the  Great  Plains  from  southern  Wisconsin,  southern 
Ontario,  and  southern  New  Hampshire  south  to  southern  Louisiana,  central 
Alabama,  northern  Georgia,  and  northern  South  Carolina;  winters  from  south- 
ern Illinois  and  North  Carolina  south  to  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Cozumel  Island, 
Yucatan,  and  the  Gulf  coast  of  Mexico;  casual  in  Maine. 

/-.    Ammodramus    savannanim    bimaculatus    SWAINSON.     Western    Grass- 
hopper Sparrow.     [546a.] 

Ammodramus  bimaculatus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827, 
435.  (Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Austral 
zones  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  northwestern  Montana,  and  south- 
ern Minnesota  south  to  southern  California  and  southern  Texas;  winters  from 
southern  California  and  southern  Texas  southward  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Guate- 
mala, and  Costa  Rica. 

d.    Ammodramus   savannanim   floridanus    (MEARNS).    Florida   Grasshopper 
Sparrow.     [5466.] 

Coturniculus  savannarum  floridanus  MEARNS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXIV, 
1902,  915.  (Kissimmee  Prairie,  7  miles  east  of  Alligator  Bluff,  Os- 
ceola  Co.,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Florida  (Kissimmee  Prairie  region). 


GENUS  PASSERHERBULUS  MATNARD. 

Passerherbulus  MAYNARD,  Birds  East.  N.  A.,  ed.  2,  Pt.  40,  1895,  707. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Emberiza  leconteii  AUDUBON. 

Passerherbulus  henslowi  (AUDUBON). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  west  to  the  Great  Plains. 

o.    Passerherbulus    henslowi    henslowi    (AUDUBON).    Henslow's    Sparrow. 

[547.] 

Emberiza  henslowii  AUDUBON,  Birds. Amer.  (folio),  I,  1829,  pi.  70.     ("Op- 
posite Cincinnati,  in  the  state  of  Kentucky.") 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Austral 
zones  from  central  Minnesota,  Ontario,  New  York,  and  southern  New  Hamp- 
shire south  to  southern  Missouri  and  northern  Virginia;  winters  in  southern 
United  States  to  Texas  and  southern  Florida. 


258  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

h.     Passerherbulus  henslowi   occidentalis  (BREWSTER).    Western  Henslow's 
Sparrow.     [547a.] 

Ammodramus  henslowii  occidentalis  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,  1891, 
145.  (Moody  Co.,  South  Dakota.) 

RANGE, —  Breeds  from  South  Dakota  to  northern  Texas;  winters  in  south- 
eastern Texas. 

Passerherbulus  lecontei  (AUDUBON).     Leconte's  Sparrow.     [548]. 

Emberiza  leconteii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VU,  1844, 338,  pi.  488.  (South- 
ern South  Dakota,  south  of  mouth  of  White  River.) 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  Great  Slave  Lake,  Mackenzie,  southern  Sas- 
katchewan, and  Manitoba  southward  to  North  Dakota  and  southern 
Minnesota;  winters  from  southern  Kansas  and  southern  Missouri  to 
Texas,  Florida,  and  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  and  occasionally  to 
North  Carolina;  casual  in  Ontario  and  New  York;  accidental  in 
Idaho  and  Colorado. 

Passerherbulus  caudacutus  (GMELIN).     Sharp-tailed  Sparrow.     [549.] 
Oriolus  caudacutus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  i,  1788,  394.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  Atlantic  coast.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  Massachusetts  to  Virginia;  winters  on  salt 
marshes  from  New  Jersey  (casually  from  Massachusetts)  to  Florida. 

Passerherbulus  nelsoni  (ALLEN). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  mainly  north  of  the 
United  States,  south  in  winter  to  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 

a.    Passerherbulus  nelsoni  nelsoni  (ALLEN).    Nelson's  Sparrow.    [549.1.] 

Ammodromus  caudacutus  var.  nelsoni  ALLEN,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H., 
XVII,  1875,  293.  (Calumet  Marshes,  Ainsworth,  now  South  Chicago, 
Illinois.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  upper  Transi- 
tion zones  from  Great  Slave  Lake  and  west  central  Alberta  southeastward 
to  southwestern  Manitoba  and  northeastern  South  Dakota;  winters  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Texas;  north- 
ward on  the  Atlantic  coast  during  migration  at  least  to  New  York,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  Maine;  accidental  in  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  259 

6.     Passerherbulus    nelsoni    subvirgatus    (DWIGHT).    Acadian    Sharp-tailed 
Sparrow.     [549.  la.] 

Ammodramus  caudacutus  subvirgatus  DWIGHT,  Auk,  IV,  July,  1887,  233. 
(Hillsborough,  Albert  Co.,  N.  B.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian 
Zone  from  southeastern  Quebec,  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Cape  Breton 
Island  to  Maine;  winters  on  coasts  of  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida. 

Passe rherbulus  maritimus  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  Texas. 

o.    Passerherbulus  maritimus  maritimus  (WILSON).    Seaside  Sparrow.    [550.] 

Fringilla  maritima  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  IV,  1811,  68,  pi.  34,  fig.  2.     ("  Sea 
islands  along  our  Atlantic  coast.") 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Upper 
Austral  Zone  from  southern  Massachusetts  to  Virginia ;  winters  from  Virginia 
to  Georgia. 

6.     Passerherbulus  maritimus  peninsula  (ALLEN).    Scott's  Seaside  Sparrow. 
[550a.] 

Ammodramus  maritimus  peninsulas  ALLEN,  Auk,   V,  July,   1888,   284. 
(Tarpon  Springs,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  West  coast  of  Florida,  from  Tarpon  Springs  at  least  to  Cedar 
Keys. 

c.    Passerherbulus    maritimus    sennetti    (ALLEN).     Texas    Seaside   Sparrow. 
[5506.] 

Ammodramus  maritimus  sennetti  ALLEN,  Auk,  V,  July,  1888,  286.     (Cor- 
pus Christi,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Texas  from  Galveston  southwest  at  least  to  Corpus 
Christi. 

</.    Passerherbulus  maritimus  fisheri  (CHAPMAN).    Louisiana  Seaside  Sparrow. 
[550c.] 

Ammodramus  maritimus  fisheri  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,   1899,   10. 
(Grand  Island,  Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Gulf  coast.  Breeds  on  coasts  of  Louisiana  and  Missis- 
sippi and  probably  Alabama;  winters  south  westward  along  the  coast  to 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  and  eastward  to  Tarpon  Springs,  Florida;  casual  at 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


260  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

e.    Passerherbulus  maritinms  macgillivraii  (AUDUBON).    Macgillivray's  Sea- 
side Sparrow.     [550d.j 

Fringilla   macgillivraii   AUDUBON,    Orn.    Biog.,    II,    1834,    285.     (Near 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  South  Atlantic  coast.     Breeds  from  North  Carolina  to  Georgia 
and  northern  Florida;  winters  along  the  Gulf  coast  to  Louisiana. 

Passerherbulus    nigrescens    (RIDGWAY).      Dusky  Seaside    Sparrow. 
[551.] 

Ammodromus  maritimus  var.  nigrescens  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  V, 
Dec.,  1873,  198.     (Merritt  Island,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Marshes  at  northern  end  of  Indian  River,  east  coast  of 
Florida. 


GENUS  CHONDESTES  SWAINSON. 

Chondestes  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  435.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Chondestes  strigatus  SWAINSON. 

Chondestes  grammacus  (SAY). 

RANGE. —  Mississippi  Valley  to  the  Pacific  coast,  north  to  Sas- 
katchewan Valley,  south  to  Mexican  plateau,  and  in  winter  south  to 
Guatemala. 

a.    Chondestes  grammacus  grammacus  (SAY).    Lark  Sparrow.    [552.] 

Fringilla  grammaca  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  I,  1823,  139  (note).     (Belle- 
fontaine,  4  miles  from  mouth  of  Missouri  River,  Missouri.) 

RANGE. —  Mississippi  Valley  east  of  the  Great  Plains.  Breeds  mainly  in 
Austral  zones  from  eastern  Nebraska,  northwestern  Minnesota,  central  Wis- 
consin, and  southern  Ontario  south  to  southern  Louisiana  and  central  Ala- 
bama and  east  to  western  Pennsylvania,  western  Maryland,  and  northwestern 
West  Virginia;  casual  in  Nova  Scotia,  New  York,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey, 
District  of  Columbia,  North  Carolina,  and  Florida;  winter  home  unknown 
except  in  southern  Mississippi. 

b.    Chondestes  grammacus  strigatus  SWAINSON.      Western   Lark   Sparrow. 
[552a.] 

Chondestes  strigatus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.   S.,  I,  June,  1827,  435. 
(Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  261 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States.  Breeds  mainly  in  Sonoran  zones  from 
southern  British  Columbia  and  southern  Saskatchewan  south  to  the  Mexican 
tableland  (Coahuila,  Chihuahua,  Durango),  and  from  the  Pacific  east  to  cen- 
tral North  Dakota  and  eastern  Texas;  winters  from  northern  California  and 
southern  Texas  through  Lower  California  and  southern  Mexico  to  Guatemala. 


GENUS  ZONOTRICHIA  SWAINSON. 

Zonotrichia  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  493.  Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Fringilla  pensylvanica  LATHAM  =  Fringilla  albicollis 
GMELIN  (Bonaparte,  1832). 

Zonotrichia  quenila  (NUTTALL).     Harris's  Sparrow.     [553.] 

Fringilla  querula  NUTTALL,  Manual  On.,  ed.  2,  I,  1840,  555.  (Near 
Independence,  Missouri.) 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  Zone  at 
Fort  Churchill,  Hudson  Bay,  Artillery  Lake,  Mackenzie,  and  probably 
to  Great  Bear  Lake  and  the  district  just  south  of  the  Barren  Grounds; 
in  migration  ranges  east  to  western  Ontario  and  eastern  Illinois,  and 
west  to  central  Montana  and  eastern  Colorado;  winters  from  north- 
ern Kansas  and  western  Missouri  southward  to  southern  Texas; 
casual  in  British  Columbia;  accidental  in  California,  Oregon,  Wash- 
ington, and  Ohio. 

Zonotrichia  leucophrys  (J.  R.  FORSTER). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  tree  limit  south,  in  winter,  to  south- 
ern border  of  Mexico.  Breeds  in  high  latitudes,  and  at  high  altitudes 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  New  Mexico,  and  on  the  Pacific  coast  to 
central  California. 

a.     Zonotrichia   leucophrys   leucophrys    (J.    R.    FORSTER).     White-crowned 
Sparrow.     [554.] 

Emberiza  leucophrys  FORSTER,  Philos.  Trans.,  LXII,  1772,  426.  (Severn 
River,  west  shore  of  Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and  Canadian  zones  of 
high  mountains  from  southern  Oregon  to  central  California,  and  east  to 
Wyoming  and  southern  New  Mexico,  and  from  limit  of  trees  in  central  Kee- 
watin  and  northern  Ungava  to  southeastern  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and 


262  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

southern  Greenland;  winters  from  northern  Lower  California,  southern 
Arizona,  southern  Kansas,  and  the  Ohio  Valley  (casually  from  the  Potomac 
Valley)  south  to  Louisiana  and  Mississippi  and  over  the  Mexican  plateau 
to  Sinaloa,  Jalisco,  and  Guanajuato. 

b.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  gambeli'  (NUTTALL).     Gambel's  Sparrow.    [554a.] 

Fringilla  gambelii  NUTTALL,  Manual  Orn.,  ed.  2,  I,  1840,  556.     (Near 
Fort  Walla  Walla,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  limit  of 
trees  in  northwestern  Alaska  and  northern  Mackenzie  (rarely  outside  the 
mountains  south  of  Great  Slave  Lake)  south  to  central  Oregon  and  central 
Montana,  west  to  coast  mountains  of  southwestern  Alaska  and  British 
Columbia;  winters  from  northern  California  and  Utah  south  to  San  Luis 
Potosi,  Mazatlan,  Lower  California  and  outlying  islands;  casual  east  in 
migration  to  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Kansas,  and  eastern  Texas. 

c.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  nuttalli  RIDGWAY.     Nuttall's  Sparrow.    [5546.] 

Zonotrichia  leucophrys  nuttalli  RIDGWAY,   Auk,   XVI,   Jan.,    1899,   36. 
(Santa  Cruz,  California.) 

RANGE. — '•  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  in  Humid  Transition  Zone  from  Port 
Simpson,  British  Columbia,  to  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  California;  winters 
from  central  Oregon  southward  to  Santa  Margarita  Island,  Lower  California. 

Zonotrichia   coronata   (PALLAS).     Golden-crowned  Sparrow.     [557.] 

Emberiza   coronata   PALLAS,    Zoogr.    Rosso- Asiatica,    II,    1826    (1811?), 
44,  and  pi.     (Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  at  Kotzebue  Sound  and 
south  to  Shumagin  Islands,  Alaska  Peninsula,  Kadiak  Island,  and 
south  at  least  to  central  British  Columbia;  winters  from  central 
Oregon  south  throughout  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  to 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California,  and  on  the  Santa 
Barbara  Islands,  and  casually  to  Guadalupe  Island ;  in  migration  east 
to  east  central  Alaska  and  western  Alberta,  straggling  east  to  Nevada 
and  Colorado;  accidental  in  Wisconsin. 

Zonotrichia  albicollis  (GMELIN).     White -throated  Sparrow.     [558.] 
Fringilla  albicollis  GMELIN.  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  921.     (Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  lower 
Hudsonian  zones  from  northern  Mackenzie  (Fort  Good  Hope), 


ORDER   PASSERES.  263 

central  Keewatin,  and  southern  Ungava  south  to  central  Alberta, 
southern  Montana,  central  Minnesota,  central  Wisconsin,  southern 
Ontario,  and  mountains  of  northern  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and 
Massachusetts;  winters  from  Missouri,  the  Ohio  Valley,  southern 
Pennsylvania,  Connecticut,  and  Massachusetts  (casually  Maine)  south 
to  northeastern  Mexico  and  Florida;  casual  in  Oregon,  California, 
Utah,  and  Colorado. 


GENUS  SPIZELLA  BONAPARTE. 

Spizella   BONAPARTE,    Giornale   Arcadico,    LII,    1832,    205.     Type,    by 
monotypy,  Fringilla  pusilla  WILSON. 

Spizella  monticola  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  south  in  winter  nearly  to 
southern  border  of  United  States. 

a.  Spizella  monticola  monticola  (GMELIN).     Tree  Sparrow.    [559.] 
Fringilla  monticola  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  912.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  Zone  from 
central  Mackenzie  (Great  Bear  Lake)  and  northern  Ungava  to  Great  Slave 
Lake,  central  Keewatin,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland;  winters  from 
southern  Minnesota,  Ontario,  and  the  Maritime  Provinces  south  to  eastern 
Oklahoma,  central  Arkansas,  and  South  Carolina. 

b.  Spizella  monticola  ochrdcea  BREWSTER.    Western  Tree  Sparrow.  [559a.] 
Spizella  monticola  ochracea  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VII, 

Oct.,  1882,  228.     (Fort  Walla  Walla,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  the  coast  of  Bering  Sea 
east  to  the  Anderson  River,  and  south  in  mountains  to  central  British 
Columbia;  winters  through  western  North  America  to  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
and  central  Texas  and  east  to  eastern  Nebraska  and  eastern  Kansas. 

Spizella  passerina  (BECHSTEIN). 

RANGE. — North  America,  from  southern  Canada  south  to  Nicaragua. 

a.     Spizella  passerina  passerina  (BECHSTEIN).     Chipping  Sparrow.    [560.] 
Fringilla  passerina  BECHSTEIN,  in  LATHAM,  Allg.  Ueb.  Vogel,  III,  ii, 
1798,  544,  pi.  120,  fig.  1.     (Canada.) 


264  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Austral  zones  from  central  Saskatchewan,  southwestern  Keewatin,  northern 
Ontario,  central  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  to  central  Texas,  southern 
Mississippi,  and  central  Georgia;  winters  chiefly  in  southern  States,  occasion- 
ally as  far  north  as  Oklahoma  and  southern  New  Jersey;  casual  in  Cuba 
and  northeastern  Mexico. 

6.     Spizella  passerina  arizonae  COUES.     Western  Chipping  Sparrow.    [560a.] 

Spizella  socialis  var.  arizonce  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  1872,  143.     (Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  Yukon  (Dawson),  Mackenzie  (Fort  Good  Hope), 
and  northeastern  Alberta  to  tableland  and  mountains  of  Chihuahua,  northern 
Mexico;  winters  from  southern  California  and  central  Texas  south  to  Cape 
San  Lucas,  Puebla,  Michoacan,  and  Oaxaca;  casually  to  Guadalupe  Island. 

Spizella  pallida  (SWAINSON).     Clay-colored  Sparrow.     [561.] 

Emberiza  pallida   SWAINSON,   Fauna   Bor.-Am.,  II,    1831    (1832),   251. 
(Carlton  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  southern  Mac- 
kenzie (Great  Slave  Lake),  southwestern  Keewatin,  and  Isle  Royale, 
Michigan,  to  western  Montana,  southeastern  Colorado,  northern 
Nebraska,  and  northwestern  Illinois;  winters  from  southern  Arizona, 
southern  New  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas, 
Guanajuato,  Puebla,  Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas;  casual  in  Ontario  and 
Indiana. 

Spizella  breweri  CASSIN.     Brewer's  Sparrow.    [562.] 

Spizella  breweri  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1856,  40.     ("Black 
Hills,"  a  few  miles  west  of  Fort  Laramie,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  Transi- 
tion Zone  from  southeastern  British  Columbia,  west  central  Alberta, 
east  central  Montana,  and  northwestern  Nebraska  south  to  southern 
California,  southern  Arizona,  and  southwestern  Texas;  winters  from 
southern  California  and  central  Texas  south  through  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  Mexico  to  Jalisco;  accidental  in  Massachusetts. 


ORDEK   PASSERES.  265 

Spizella  pusilla  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  United  States  and  southern  Canada. 

a.  Spizella  pusilla  pusilla  (WILSON).    Field  Sparrow.    [563.] 

Fringilla  pusilla  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  121,  pi.  16,  fig.  2.     (Penn- 
sylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Austral 
zones  from  southern  Minnesota,  southern  Michigan,  southern  Quebec,  and 
southern  Maine  to  central  Texas,  central  Louisiana,  and  northern  Florida; 
winters  from  Missouri,  Illinois,  southern  Pennsylvania,  and  New  Jersey  to 
the  Gulf  coast,  casually  further  north. 

b,  Spizella  pusilla  arenScea  CHADBOURNE.    Western  Field  Sparrow.     [563a.] 

Spizella  pusilla  arenacea  CHADBOURNE,  Auk,  III,  April,  1886,  248.     (Lar- 
edo, Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  region.  Breeds  in  Upper  Austral  Zone  from  south- 
eastern Montana  and  southwestern  North  Dakota  to  central  Nebraska;  win- 
ters from  south  of  its  breeding  range  to  southern  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Nuevo 
Leon,  Mexico. 

Spizella  wortheni  RIDGWAY.     Worthen's  Sparrow.     [564.] 

Spizella  wartheni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII,  1884,  259.     (Sil- 
ver City,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  New  Mexico  and  Mexico.  Breeds  from  Silver  City, 
New  Mexico,  to  Tamaulipas,  Mexico;  winters  south  to  southern 
Puebla. 


Spizella  atrogularis  (CABANIS).     Black-chinned  Sparrow.    [565.] 

Spinites  atrogularis  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  133  (note).     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  desert  and  coast  ranges  of  southern  California, 
Arizona,  and  southern  New  Mexico  to  northern  Lower  California 
and  south  over  the  Mexican  tableland  to  Hidalgo,  Puebla,  Mexico, 
Jalisco,  and  Michoacan;  winters  in  the  southern  part  of  its  breeding 
range  and  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas. 


266  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  JUNCO  WAGLER. 

Junco  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXIV,   1831,  526.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Junco 
phceonotus  WAGLER. 

Junco  aikeni  RIDGWAY.     White-winged  Junco.    [566.] 

Junco  hyemalis  var.  aikeni  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VII,  Oct.,  1873,  613, 
615.     (El  Paso  Co.,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Central  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  in  the  Bear 
Lodge  Mountains,  Wyoming,  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  and  in 
northwestern  Nebraska;  winters  from  the  Black  Hills  to  southern  Col- 
orado and  western  Kansas,  and  casually  to  Oklahoma  and  New 
Mexico. 

Junco  hyemalis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  from  tree  limit  south  to  the  Gulf  coast 
and  Mexico,  breeding  northward  and  in  the  more  elevated  parts. 

a.    Junco  hyemalis  hyemalis  (LINNAEUS).    Slate-colored  Junco.    [567.] 

Fringilla  hyemalis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  183.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  and  northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and 
Canadian  zones  in  northwestern  Alaska  (tree  limit),  northern  Mackenzie 
(tree  limit),  central  Keewatin,  and  central  Ungava  south  to  base  of  Alaska 
Peninsula,  southern  Yukon,  central  Alberta,  northern  Minnesota,  central 
Michigan,  Ontario,  and  mountains  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Massa- 
chusetts ;  winters  throughout  the  eastern  United  States  and  southern  Ontario 
south  to  the  Gulf  coast;  casual  in  California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico; 
straggles  to  Siberia. 

6.    Junco  hyemalis  oreganus  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Oregon  Junco.    [567a.] 

Fringilla  oregana  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  Pt. 
2,  1837,  188.     (Near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  North  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  from  Yakutat  Bay,  Alaska,  to 
Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  British  Columbia;  winters  southward  along  the 
coast  to  Santa  Cruz  and  San  Mateo  counties,  California;  casually  to  eastern 
Oregon  and  Nevada. 

c.    Junco  hyemalis  connectens  COUES.    Shufeldt's  Junco.    [5676.] 

Junco  hiemalis  connectens  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1884,  378. 
(Colorado  Springs,  Colorado.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  267 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  from  the  coast  of  southern 
British  Columbia  east  to  west  central  Alberta  and  south  to  northern  Oregon; 
winters  over  entire  Rocky  Mountain  tableland  to  eastern  Colorado,  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  western  Texas,  Chihuahua,  and  Sonora;  casual  in  northern 
Lower  California. 

d.  Junco  hyemalis  thurberi  ANTHONY.     Thurber's  Junco.     [567c.] 

Junco  hyemalis  thurberi  ANTHONY,   Zoe,   I,   Oct.,    1890,   238.     (Wilson 
Peak,  San  Gabriel  Range,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  California.  Breeds  from  southern  Oregon  south 
through  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  coast  ranges  of  California  to  Laguna  Hansen 
Mountains,  Lower  California;  winters  at  lower  altitudes,  straying  to  Arizona. 

e.  Junco  hyemalis  pinosus  LOOMIS.    Point  Pinos  Junco.    [567d.] 

Junco  pinosus  LOOMIS,  Auk,  X,   Jan.,   1893,   47.     (Point   Pinos,  near 
Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  strip  of  San  Mateo  and  northern  Monterey  counties,  Cali- 
fornia. 

/.    Junco  hyemalis  caroline'nsis  BREWSTER.    Carolina  Junco.    [567e.] 

Junco  hyemalis  carolinensis  BREWSTER,  Auk,  III,  Jan.,  1886,  108.     (Black 
Mountain,  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Alleghenies.  Breeds  in  the  Canadian  Zone  (overlapping 
into  the  upper  Transition)  of  mountains  from  western  Maryland,  Virginia,  and 
West  Virginia  south  to  northern  Georgia;  winters  in  adjacent  lowlands. 

g.    Junco  hyemalis  montdnus  RIDGWAY.    Montana  Junco.     [567/.] 

Junco  montanus  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  Oct.,  1898,  321.     (Columbia  Falls, 
Montana.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  Rocky  Mountains.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from 
southern  Alberta  south  to  northern  Idaho  and  northwestern  Montana;  winters 
south  to  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Chihuahua,  and  Texas,  and  east  casually  to 
Kansas,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Massachusetts,  and  Maryland. 

h.    Junco  hyemalis  mearnsi  RIDGWAY.    Pink-sided  Junco.    [567</.] 

Junco  mearnsi  RIDGWAY,  Auk,   XIV,  Jan.,   1897,  94.     (Fort  Bridger, 
Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  from  southwestern  Saskatche- 
wan to  southern  Idaho  and  northern  Wyoming;  winters  south  through 
Wyoming  and  Colorado  to  southern  Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  and 
northeastern  Sonora. 


268  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

i.    Junco  hyemalis  anne*ctens  BAIRD.    Ridgway's  Junco.    [567ft.] 

Junco  annectens  BAIRD,  in  COOPER,  Geol.  Surv.  Calif.,  Orn.,  I,  1870,  564. 
(Fort  Bridger,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico. 

j.    Junco  hyemalis  townsendi  ANTHONY.     Townsend's  Junco.    [567i] 

Junco  townsendi  ANTHONY,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  II,  Oct.  11,  1S89, 
76.     (San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California. 

Junco  phseonotus  WAGLER. 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southern  Wyoming,  Utah,  and  Colorado 
south  to  the  high  mountains  of  central  and  southern  Mexico. 

a.     [Junco  phseonotus  phaeonotus.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Junco  phseonotus  palliatus  RIDGWAY.     Arizona  Junco.     [570.] 

Junco  cinereus  palliatus  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  II,  Oct.,  1885,  364.     (Mount 
Graham,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southern  Arizona  and  northern  Mexico  in  Coahuila, 
Chihuahua,  and  Sonora. 

c.  Junco  phaeonotus  dorsalis  HENRY.    Red-backed  Junco.     [570a.] 

Junco  dorsalis  HENRY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1858,  117.      (Fort 
Thorn,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Canadian  zones  of  high  mountains  in 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico;  winters  south  to  southwestern  Texas,  Sonora,  and 
Chihuahua. 

d.  Junco  phseonotus  c&niceps  (WOODHOUSE).    Gray-headed  Junco.    [5706. J 

Struthus  caniceps  WOODHOUSE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1853, 
202.     (San  Francisco  Mountain,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  in  southern  Wyoming,  Colo- 
rado, Utah,  Nevada,  and  northern  New  Mexico:  winters  at  lower  elevations 
and  south  to  Sonora  and  Chihuahua;  casual  in  southern  California. 

Junco  bairdi  RIDGWAY.     Baird's  Junco.     [571.] 

Junco  bairdi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VI,  1883,  155.     (Laguna, 
Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  269 

Junco  insularis  RIDGWAT.     Guadalupe  Junco.    [572.] 

Junco  insularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  No.  2, 
April  1,  1876,  188.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 


GENUS  AMPHISPIZA  COUES. 

Amphispiza  COUES,  Birds  Northwest,  1875,  234.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Emberiza  bilineata  CASSIN. 

Amphispiza  bilineata  (CASSIN). 

RANGE. —  Arid  plains  of  western  United  States  from  southeastern 
California  and  northern  Nevada  east  to  western  Texas  and  south  into 
northern  Mexico. 

a.    Amphispiza  bilineata  bilineata  (CASSIN).    Black-throated  Sparrow.    [573.] 

Emberiza  bilineata  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1850,  104, 
pi.  3.     (Rio  Grande,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  of  northern  middle  Texas  south  into  Nuevo 
Leon  and  Tamaulipas. 

6.    Amphispiza  bilineata  deserticola  RIDGWAY.     Desert  Sparrow.     [573o.] 

Amphispiza  bilineata  deserticola  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  July,   1898,  229. 
(Separates  publ.  May  13.)     (Tucson,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Arid  plains  of  Sonoran  zones  from  east  central  California,  north- 
ern Nevada,  northern  Utah,  southeastern  Colorado,  and  western  Texas 
south  to  central  Lower  California,  Chihuahua,  and  Sonora;  winters  from 
southern  border  of  United  States  southward. 

Amphispiza  belli  (CASSIN).     Bell's  Sparrow.    [574.] 

Emberiza  belli  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1850,  104,  pi.  4. 
(Near  Sonoma  or  San  Diego,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Valleys  and  foothills  of  California,  west  of  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  Colorado  Desert  from  about  latitude  38°  south  to  northwestern 
Lower  California;  also  on  San  Clemente  Island. 


270  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN,    BIRDS. 

Amphispiza  nevadensis  (RIDGWAY). 

RANGE. —  Sagebrush  plains  of  western  United  States  south  to 
northern  Mexico. 

a.    Amphispiza  nevadensis  nevadensis  (RIDGWAY).    Sage  Sparrow.    [574.1.] 

Poospiza  bellii  var.   nevadensis  RIDGWAY,   Bull.   Essex  Inst.,   V,  Nov., 
1873,  191,  198.     (West  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  from  central  Washington,  central 
Idaho,  and  central  Wyoming  south  to  southeastern  California  and  southern 
Colorado;  winters  from  southeastern  California,  southern  Nevada,  and 
southern  Utah  to  Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  southwestern  Texas,  and 
Chihuahua. 

6.    Amphispiza  nevadensis  cine'rea  C.  H.  TOWNSEND.    Gray  Sage  Sparrow. 

[574.1a.] 

Amphispiza  belli  cinerea  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII,  Sept. 
9,  1890,  136.     (Ballenas  Bay,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  West  coast  of  Lower  California  from  Santo  Domingo  to  Ballenas 
Bay. 

c.    Amphispiza  nevadensis  cane*scens  GRINNELL.    California  Sage  Sparrow. 

[574.16.] 

Amphispiza  belli  canescens  GRINNELL,  Condor,  VII,  1905,  18.     (Seymour 
Creek  Meadow,  5500  ft.,  Mount  Pinos,  Ventura  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  in  Owens  Valley  and  adjacent  areas  in 
eastern  California  and  extreme  western  Nevada. 


GENUS  PEUCJEA  AUDUBON. 

Peuccea  AUDUBON,  Synopsis,  1839,  112.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Fringilla 
bachmani  AUDUBON  (Gray,  1841). 

Peucaea  sestivalis  (LICHTENSTEIN). 
RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States. 

a.     Peucaea  aestivalis  sestivalis  (LICHTENSTEIN).     Pine-woods  Sparrow.    [575.] 
Fringilla  cestivalis  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Doubl.,  1823,  25.     (Georgia.) 

RANGE. —  Georgia  and  Florida.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian  Zone  from 
southern  Georgia  south  to  central  Florida;  winters  in  central  and  southern 
Florida. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  271 

6.     Peucaea  asstivalis  bachmani  (AUDUBON).     Bachman's  Sparrow.     [575a.] 

Fringilla  bachmani  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  II,  1833,  pi.  165.     (Near 
Charleston,  S.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Carolinian  and  Austro- 
riparian  zones  in  central  Illinois  (locally  to  southeastern  Iowa),  southern 
Indiana,  southern  Ohio,  and  central  Virginia  south  to  central  Texas  and  ex- 
treme northwestern  Florida;  winters  from  southern  North  Carolina  south- 
ward into  Florida;  casual  near  Washington,  D.  C. 

Peucsea  botterii   (SCLATER).     Botteri's  Sparrow.     [576.] 

Zonotrichia  botterii  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857  (1858),  214. 
(Near  Orizaba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas, 
south  over  Mexican  tableland  to  Chiapas. 

Peucaea  c£ssini  (WOODHOUSE).     Cassin's  Sparrow.     [578.] 

Zonotrichia  cassinii  WOODHOUSE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1852, 
60.     (Near  San  Antonio,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southeastern  Nevada, 
southeastern  Colorado  (casually  central  Colorado),  and  southwestern 
Kansas  south  to  northern  Sonora  and  mouth  of  Rio  Grande;  winters 
from  southern  Arizona  to  southern  Sinaloa  and  central  Tamaulipas. 


GENUS  AIMOPHILA  SWAINSON. 

Aimophila  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,   II,    1837,  287.     Type,   by  subs, 
desig.,  Pipilo  rufescens  SWAINSON  (Gray,  1840). 

Aimophila   carpalis   (CouEs).     Rufous-winged  Sparrow.     [579.] 

Peucaza  carpalis  COUES,  Amer.  Nat.,  VII,  June,  1873,  322  (note).     (Tuc- 
son, Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  Sonora  south  to  northern  Sinaloa. 

Aimophila  ruficeps  (CASSIN). 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United   States  from   California,  Arizona, 
and  Texas  to  southern  Mexico. 


272  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

a.    Aimophila  ruficeps  nificeps  (CASSIN).    Rufous-crowned  Sparrow.     [580.] 

Ammodromus  ruficeps  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,   1852, 
184.     (Calaveras  River,  near  Stockton,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  from 
Marin  and  Placer  counties  to  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California, 
and  Santa  Catalina  and  Santa  Cruz  islands. 

6.     Aimophila  ruficeps  scotti  (SENNETT).     Scott's  Sparrow.     [5SOa.] 

Peuccea  ruficeps  scottii  SENNETT,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  42.     (Pinal  Co., 
Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona,  northern  New  Mexico,  and  southwestern 
Texas  south  to  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  and  Durango;  casual  in  Colorado. 

c.    Aimophila  ruficeps  eremceca  (N.  C.  BROWN).    Rock  Sparrow.    [5806.] 
Peuccea  ruficeps  eremceca  BROWN,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VII,  Jan., 
1882,  26.     (Boerne,  Kendall  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  the  Wichita  Mountains,  Oklahoma,  and  from  Cook 
County,  Texas,  southwest  to  the  Pecos  River;  winters  south  to  Puebla  and 
Vera  Cruz. 

</.    Aimophila  ruficeps  sordria  RIDGWAY.    Laguna  Sparrow.    [580c.] 

Aimophila  ruficeps  sororia  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XV,  July,  1898,  226.     (Vic- 
toria Mountains,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 


GENUS  MELOSPIZA  BAIRD. 

Melospiza  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  476.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Fringilla  melodia  WILSON. 

Melospiza  melodia  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  Alaska  and  northern  Quebec  south 
to  southern  border  of  Mexican  tableland. 

a.    Melospiza  melodia  melodia  (WILSON).     Song  Sparrow.    [581.] 

Fringilla  melodia  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,   125,  pi.  xvi,  fig.  4. 
(Eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.     Breeds  in  Cana- 
dian, Transition,  and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  southern  Mackenzie  (Great 


ORDER   PASSERES.  273 

Slave  Lake),  central  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  central  Quebec,  and  Cape 
Breton  Island  south  to  southern  Nebraska,  central  Missouri,  Kentucky, 
southern  Virginia,  and  southern  North  Carolina  (mountains),  and  west  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains  of  Alberta;  winters  from  Nebraska,  Illinois,  Massachusetts 
(locally),  and  New  Jersey  south  to  the  Gulf  coast,  and  sporadically  north  to 
Michigan  and  Nova  Scotia. 

b.  Melospiza  melodia  fallax  (BAIRD).     Desert  Song  Sparrow.     [581a.] 

Zonotrichia  fallax  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.   Phila.,  VII,   1854,  119. 
(Pueblo  Creek,  Lat.  35°  N.,  Long.  113°  W.,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southern  Nevada  and  southwestern 
Utah  to  southeastern  California,  southeastern  Arizona,  northeastern  Lower 
California,  and  Sonora. 

c.  Melospiza  melodia  montana  HENSHAW.    Mountain  Song  Sparrow.    [5816.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  montana  HENSHAW,  Auk,  I,  July,  1884,  224.     (Fort 
Bridger,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. — Rocky  Mountains  and  Sierra  Nevada  region.  Breeds  in  Transi- 
tion Zone  from  eastern  Oregon,  southern  Idaho,  and  Montana  to  middle 
eastern  California  and  northern  New  Mexico;  winters  south  to  western  Texas 
and  northern  Mexico  (Chihuahua  and  Sonora). 

d.  Melospiza  melodia  hee*rmanni  BAIRD.    Heermann's  Song  Sparrow.    [581c.] 

Melospiza  heermanni  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
478.     (Tejon  Valley  (in  winter),  California.) 

RANGE. —  Central  valleys  of  California,  principally  San  Joaquin  and 
Sacramento  valleys;  in  winter  casually  to  Nevada. 

e.  Melospiza  melodia  samuelis  (BAIRD).     Samuels 's  Song  Sparrow.    [581d.] 

Ammodromus  samuelis  BAIRD,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  VI,  Aug.,  1858, 
379.     (Petaluma,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  of  middle  California  from  Marin  County  to  Santa 
Cruz  except  salt  marshes  on  south  side  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

/.     Melospiza  melodia  morphna  OBERHOLSER.     Eusty  Song  Sparrow.    [581  e.] 

Melospiza  melodia  morphna  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XVI,  April,  1899,  183. 
(Columbia  River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  belt.  Breeds  from  extreme  southern  Alaska  to 
southern  Washington;  winters  south  to  southern  California. 


274  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

g.    Melospiza  melodia  rufina  (BONAPARTE).    Sooty  Song  Sparrow.    [581/.] 
Passerella  rufina   BONAPARTE,    Consp.    Avium,    I,    1850,    477.     (Sitka, 
Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Alaska  coast  district.  Breeds  on  the  southern  islands  and  coast 
from  Cross  Sound  and  Glacier  Bay  to  Dixon  Entrance ;  winters  south  to  coast 
of  British  Columbia,  Vancouver  Island,  and  the  Olympic  Mountains  of  Wash- 
ington. 

h.    Melospiza  melodia  rivul&ris  W.  BRYANT.    Brown's  Song  Sparrow.    [5810.  ] 
Melospiza  fasdata  rivularis  BRYANT,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  I, 
Sept.  29,  1888,  197.     (Comondu,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  South  central  Lower  California  (San  Ignacio  to  Comondu). 

,'.    Melospiza  melodia  graminea  C.   H.   TOWNSEND.    Santa  Barbara   Song 

Sparrow.    [581  h.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  graminea  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII, 
1890,  139.     (Santa  Barbara  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Santa  Barbara  and  Santa  Cruz  islands,  California. 

j.    Melospiza  melodia   clementae  C.   H.  TOWNSEND.      San   Clemente  Song 

Sparrow.    [581 1] 

Melospiza  fasciata  clementce  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII, 
1890,  139.     (San  Clemente  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Clemente,  San  Miguel,  and  Santa  Rosa  islands,  California, 
and  Coronados  Islands,  Lower  California. 

/.-.    Melospiza  melodia  juddi  BISHOP.    Dakota  Song  Sparrow.    [581;.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  juddi  BISHOP,  Auk,  XIII,  April,  1896,  132.     (Rock 
Lake,  Towner  Co.,  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  Saskatchewan  to  Turtle  Mountains,  North  Dakota. 

{.    Melospiza  melodia  me*rrilli  BREWSTER.    Merrill's  Song  Sparrow.     [581fc.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  merrilli  BREWSTER,  Auk,  XIII,  Jan.,  1896,  46.     (Fort 
Sherman,  Idaho.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  United  States.  Breeds  from  Fort  Sherman,  Idaho, 
west  and  south  through  Washington  and  Oregon  east  of  the  Cascades  to  Shasta 
County,  California ;  winters  south  to  Nevada,  Utah,  Arizona,  and  Sonora. 

m.    Melospiza  melodia  pusfllula  RIDGWAY.    Alameda  Song  Sparrow.    [581 1] 
Melospiza  fasciata  pusillula  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  35.     (Ala- 
meda Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Salt  marshes  on  south  side  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  275 

n.    Melospiza  melodia  cooperi  RIDGWAY.     San  Diego  Song  Sparrow.     [581m.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  cooperi  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  35.     (San 
Diego,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Monterey  Bay,    California,   south   to  San  Quintin   Bay,  Lower 
California,  and  east  to  Fort  Tejon  and  San  Bernardino. 

o.    Melospiza  melodia  caurina  RIDGWAY.     Yakutat  Song  Sparrow.     [581  n.] 

Melospiza  fasciata  caurina  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  36.     (Yak- 
utat, Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Alaska,  from  Yakutat  Bay  to  Lituya  Bay. 

p.    Melospiza  melodia  kenaiensis  RIDGWAY.     Kenai  Song  Sparrow.    [581o.] 

Melospiza  melodia  kenaiensis  RIDGWAY,   Auk,    XVII,   Jan.,    1900,   29. 
(Port  Graham,  Cook  Inlet,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska,  from  east  side  of  Cook  Inlet 
to  Prince  William  Sound. 

q.    Melospiza   melodia   cleonensis   MCGREGOR.    Mendocino   Song    Sparrow. 
[581p.] 

Melospiza  melodia  cleonensis  MCGREGOR,   Bull.   Cooper   Orn.   Club,   I, 
Sept.,  1899,  87.     (Westport,  Mendocino  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  strip  of  southern  Oregon  and  northern  California  from 
Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon, 'to  Tomales  Bay,  California. 

r.    Melospiza  melodia  insignis  BAIRD.     Bischoff's  Song  Sparrow.     [581g.] 

Melospiza  insignis  BAIRD,  Trans.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  ii,  1869,  319, 
pi.  xxix,  fig.  2.     (Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska,  and  adjacent  coast  of  Alaska  Peninsula. 

8.     Melospiza  melodia  sanaka  MCGREGOR.     Aleutian  Song  Sparrow.    [581r.] 

Melospiza  sanaka  MCGREGOR,  Condor,  III,   1901,  8.     (Separates  publ. 
Nov.  25,  1900.)     (Sanak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Shumagin  Islands  and  adjacent  part  of  Alaska  Peninsula,  and 
Aleutian  Islands  to  Unalaska,  Atka,  Adak,  and  Attu. 

L    Melospiza  melodia  maxilldris  GRINNELL.     Suisun  Song  Sparrow.     [581s.] 

Melospiza  melodia  maxillaris  GRINNELL,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  No.  3, 
April  9,  1909,  265.  (Tule  marsh,  west  of  Suisun,  Solano  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia.) 

RANGE. —  Marshes  bordering  Suisun  Bay,  California. 


276  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Melospiza  lincolni  (AUDUBON). 
RANGE. —  North  America. 

a.    Melospiza  lincolni  lincolni  (AUDUBON).     Lincoln's  Sparrow.     [583.] 

Fringilla  lincolnii  AUDUBON,   Birds   Amer.    (folio),    II,    1834,   pi.    193. 
(Near  mouth  of  Natashquan  River,  Quebec.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  the  Kowak  and 
Yukon  valleys,  Alaska,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  northern 
Ungava  south  to  northern  Minnesota,  central  Ontario,  northern  New  York, 
New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  and  south  in  the  Cascade,  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  Rocky  Mountains  to  southern  California  and  northern  New  Mexico;  win- 
ters from  San  Jacinto  Mountains,  California,  southern  Oklahoma,  and  northern 
Mississippi  to  Guadalupe  Island,  southern  Mexico,  and  central  Guatemala; 
casual  only  east  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains,  south  of  Washington,  D.  C.; 
accidental  in  Panama. 

6.     Melospiza  lincolni  striata  BREWSTER.     Forbush's  Sparrow.     [583a.] 

Melospiza  lincolni  striata  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VI,  April,  1889,  89.     (Sepa- 
rates publ.  Jan.  31.)     (Comox,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  region.  Breeds  from  Prince  William  Sound  to 
the  Sitkan  district,  Alaska;  winters  south  to  southern  Lower  California. 

Melospiza  georgiana  (LATHAM).    Swamp  Sparrow.    [584.] 

Fringilla   georgiana   LATHAM,    Index    Orn.,    I,    1790,    460.     ("Georgia? 
americansB  interioribus.") 

RANGE. —  North  America  east  of  the  Great  Plains.  Breeds  in  Cana- 
dian, Transition,  and  part  of  Upper  Austral  zones  from  west  central 
Alberta,  central  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  central  Quebec,  and 
Newfoundland  south  to  northern  Nebraska,  northern  Missouri, 
northern  Illinois,  West  Virginia  (mountains),  and  New  Jersey;  win- 
ters from  Nebraska,  Ohio  Valley,  and  Massachusetts  (rarely)  south 
to  the  Gulf  coast  from  central  Florida  to  southern  Texas,  southern 
Tamaulipas,  and  Jalisco,  Mexico ;  accidental  in  Utah  and  Colorado ; 
casual  in  Bermuda. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  277 


GENUS  PASSERELLA  SWAINSON. 

Passerella  SWAINSON,  Classif .  Birds,  II,  1837,  288.  Type,  by  monotypy, 
Fringilla  iliaca  MERREM. 

Passerella  iiiaca  (MERREM). 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  western  North  America,  south  in  winter 
to  the  southern  border  of  the  United  States. 

a.  Passerella  iliaca  iliaca  (MERREM).     Fox  Sparrow.     [585.] 

Fringilla  iliaca  MERREM,  Beytr.  besond.  Gesch.  Vogel,  II,  1786,  pi.  x. 
(North  America.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  tree  limit  in  north- 
eastern Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario 
(Moose  Factory),  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  central  Alberta,  northern 
Manitoba,  southern  Keewatin,  Magdalen  Islands,  and  Newfoundland;  win- 
ters from  lower  Ohio  and  Potomac  valleys  (occasionally  further  north)  to 
central  Texas  and  northern  Florida;  casual  on  the  coast  of  southern  Alaska 
and  in  California. 

b.  Passerella   iliaca    unalaschce*nsis    (GMELIN).     Shumagin    Fox    Sparrow. 

[685o.] 

Emberiza  unalaschcensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  875.  ("Aoon- 
alashka,"  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Unalaska  Island,  Alaska  Peninsula,  and  Shumagin  Islands;  win- 
ters south  to  northern  California. 

c.  Passerella  iliaca  megarhyncha  BAIRD.     Thick-billed  Fox  Sparrow.    [5856.] 

Passerella  megarhynchus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX, 
1858,  925.  (Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  California.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  on  both 
slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  from  Mt.  Shasta  to  Mt.  Whitney:  winters  in 
southwestern  California;  casual  in  Marin  County. 

d.  Passerella  iliaca  schistacea  BAIRD.    Slate-colored  Fox  Sparrow.    [585c.] 

Passerella  schistacea  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858, 
490.  (South  Fork  of  Platte  River,  about  25  miles  east  of  northeastern 
corner  of  Colorado,  Nebraska.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  region  of  United  States.  Breeds  in  Transition 
Zone  from  interior  of  British  Columbia  and  northwestern  Montana  south  to 


278  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

the  mountains  of  Lassen  and  Modoc  counties,  northeastern  California,  to  the 
White  Mountains  of  eastern  California,  and  to  central  Colorado;  winters 
south  to  southwestern  California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  and  east  to 
Kansas. 

e.    Passerella  iliaca  Stephens!  ANTHONY.    Stephens's  Fox  Sparrow.    [585d.] 
Passerella  iliaca  stephensi  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XII,  Oct.,  1895,  348.     (San 
Jacinto  Mountains,  San  Diego  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  California.  Breeds  in  the  Tejon,  San  Gabriel,  San 
Bernardino,  and  San  Jacinto  mountains. 

/.    Passerella  iliaca  fuliginosa  RIDGWAY.    Sooty  Fox  Sparrow.    [585e.] 

Passerella  iliaca  fuliginosa  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  36.     (Neah 
Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Northwest  coast  strip.  Breeds  on  the  coast  of  British  Columbia, 
Vancouver  Island,  and  northwestern  Washington;  winters  south  along  the 
coast  to  San  Francisco,  California. 

g.    Passerella  iliaca  insul&ris  RIDGWAY.    Kadiak  Fox  Sparrow.    [585/.] 

Passerella  iliaca  insularis  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XVII,  Jan.,  1900,  30.     (Kadiak, 
Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Alaska  coast  strip.  Breeds  on  Kadiak  Island  and  on  the  coast 
from  Prince  William  Sound  south  to  Cross  Sound;  winters  along  the  coast 
to  southern  California. 

h.    Passerella  iliaca  townsendi  (AUDUBON).     Townsend's  Fox  Sparrow.  [585</.] 
Plectrophanes  townsendi   AUDUBON,   Birds  Amer.   (folio),  IV,   1838,  pi. 
424,  fig.  7.     ("Shores  of  the  Columbia  River.") 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  southeastern  Alaska.  Breeds  on  the  coast  and  islands 
from  Cross  Sound  to  Dixon  Entrance;  winters  south  to  Humboldt  County, 
California. 

GENUS  ARREMONOPS  RIDGWAY. 

Arremonops  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1896,  434,  605.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Embernagra  rufivirgata  LAWRENCE. 

Arremonops  rufivirgatus   (LAWRENCE).     Texas  Sparrow.     [586.] 

Embernagra  rufivirgata  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  May,  1851, 
112,  pi.  v,  fig.  2.     (Brownsville,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Fort  Clark,  Corpus  Christi,  and  San  Patricio,  Texas, 
south  to  Tamaulipas,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  San  Luis  Potosi. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  279 


GENUS  PIPILO  VIEILLOT. 

Pipilo  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  32.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "  Pinson  aux 
yeux  rouges,  Buff."  =  Fringilla  erythrophthalma  LINN^US. 

Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  from  southern  Canada  to  the 
Gulf  coast. 

a.  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  erythrophthalmus  (LINN.EUS).     Towhee.    [587.] 

Fringilla  erythrophthalma  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,   1758,   180. 
(Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper 
Austral  zones  east  of  the  Great  Plains  from  southeastern  Saskatchewan,  south- 
ern Manitoba,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern  Maine  south  to  central  Kansas 
and  northern  Georgia;  winters  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  the  Ohio  and 
Potomac  valleys  (casually  New  England)  to  central  Texas,  the  Gulf  coast,  and 
southern  Florida. 

b.  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  alleni  COUES.    White-eyed  Towhee.    [587o.] 

Pipilo  alleni  COUES,  Amer.  Nat.,  V,  Aug.,  1871,  366  (note).     (Dummitt, 
20  miles  south  of  New  Smyrna,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  from  about  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  south- 
ward, including  Florida. 

Pipilo  macul£tus  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  British  Columbia  and 
southern  Saskatchewan  to  the  highlands  of  Guatemala. 

a.     [Pipilo  maculatus  maculatus.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Pipilo  maculatus  arcticus  (SWAINSON).    Arctic  Towhee.    [588.] 

Pyrgita  (Pipilo)  arctica  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,   1831   (1832), 
260,  pll.  51,  52.     (Carlton  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Great  Plains  and  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  in  Transition 
and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  Alberta  and  Forks  of  Saskatchewan 
south  to  west  central  Montana  and  northwestern  Nebraska;  occurs  in  migra- 
tion in  western  Wyoming  and  northeastern  Utah;  winters  from  eastern  Colo- 
rado and  southern  Nebraska  to  southern  Texas;  casual  in  Illinois  and  Wis- 
consin. 


280  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

c.  Pipilo  maculatus  montanus  SWARTH.     Spurred  Towhee.     [588a.] 

Pipilo  maculatus  montanus  SWARTH,  Condor,  VII,   1905,   172.     (Miller 
Cation,  Huachuca  Mountains,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  British  Columbia 
south  to  Sonora  and  Tamaulipas,  Mexico,  and  from  eastern  California  east  to 
Wyoming,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas. 

d.  Pipilo  maculatus  oregonus  BELL.     Oregon  Towhee.    [5886.] 

Pipilo  oregonus  BELL,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  1849,  6.     (Columbia 
River  Valley,  at  or  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  from  southern 
British  Columbia  to  San  Francisco,  California;  winters  south  to  southern 
California. 

e.  Pipilo  maculatus  clementae  GRINNELL.     San  Clemente  Towhee.    [588c.] 

Pipilo  dementce  GRINNELL,  Auk,  XIV,  July,  1897,  294.     (San  Clemente 
Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Clemente,  Santa  Catalina,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Santa  Rosa 
islands,  California. 

/.    Pipilo  maculatus  megalonyx  BAIRD.     San  Diego  Towhee.    [$88d.] 

Pipilo  megalonyx  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  515. 
(Fort  Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  of  California,  except  coast 
strip  north  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  south  into  northern  Lower  California. 

g.    Pipilo  maculatus  magnirostris  BREWSTER.    Large-billed  Towhee.    [588e.] 

Pipilo  maculatus  magnirostris  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,  1891,  146. 

(Separates  publ.  Feb.  17.)     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountain  districts  of  southern  Lower  California. 

Pipilo  consobrinus  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  Towhee.    [589.] 

Pipito  maculatus  consobrinus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr., 
II,  No.  2,  April,  1876,  189.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.  Now  probably 
extinct. 

Pipilo  fuscus  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  Mexico, 
a.     [Pipilo  fuscus  fuscus.     Extralimital.] 


ORDER   PASSERES.  281 

b.  Pipilo  fuscus  mesoleucus  BAIRD.     Canon  Towhee.     [591.] 

Pipilo  mesoleucus  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854,  119. 
(Bill  Williams  Fork  [=  Big  Sandy,  just  south  of  Lat.  35°  N.],  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  from  west  central  Arizona  and 
southeastern  Colorado  south  to  northeastern  Sonora  and  western  Texas. 

c.  Pipilo  fuscus  albigula  BAIRD.     San  Lucas  Towhee.     [591a.] 

Pipilo  albigula  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  305.     (Cape 
San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California,  north  to  latitude  29°. 

Pipilo  crissalis  (VIGORS). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  southwestern  Oregon  to  northern 
Lower  California. 

a.  Pipilo  crissalis  crissalis  (VIGORS).    California  Towhee.    [591.1.] 

Fringilla  crissalis  VIGORS,  in  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  1839,  19.     (California, 
probably  San  Francisco  or  Monterey.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  valleys  and  foothills  of  southwestern  Oregon,  and 
of  California  from  Shasta  County  south  to  Santa  Barbara,  Kern,  and  northern 
San  Bernardino  counties. 

b.  Pipilo  crissalis  senicula  ANTHONY.    Anthony's  Towhee.    [59 1.1  a.] 

Pipilo  fuscus  senicula  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XII,   April,    1895,    111.     (San 
Fernando,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  California  south  of  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains  and 
on  the  Pacific  side  of  Lower  California  south  at  least  to  latitude  29°. 

Pipilo  aberti  BAIRD.     Abert's  Towhee.    [592.] 

Pipilo  aberti  BAIRD,  in  Stansbury's  Rep.  Exped.  Utah,  1852,  325.     (New 
Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southeastern  California, 
(Colorado  River  Valley  and  Desert),  southern  Nevada,  and  south- 
western Utah  to  northwestern  Sonora,  southern  Arizona,  and  south- 
western New  Mexico,  and  south,  at  least  in  winter,  to  northern  Lower 
California. 


282  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  OREOSPIZA  RIDGWAY. 

Oreospiza  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1896,  439,  605.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Fringilla  chlorura  AUDUBON. 

Oreospiza  chlorura  (AUDUBON).     Green-tailed  Towhee.    [592.1.] 

FringiOa  chlorura  AUDUBON,   Orn.   Biog.,  V,   1839,  336.     (Near  Ross 
Creek,  about  20  miles  southwest  of  Blackfoot,  Idaho.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  northern  Mexico.  Breeds 
in  Transition  Zone  from  central  Oregon  and  south  central  Montana 
to  southern  California,  southeastern  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas ; 
winters  from  southern  California  and  western  Texas  to  Cape  San 
Lucas  and  Guanajuato,  Mexico;  accidental  in  Virginia. 


GENUS  CARDINALIS  BONAPARTE. 


Cardinalis  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  April,   1838,  35.     Type, 
by  tautonymy,  Cardinalis  virginianus  BONAPARTE  =  Loxia  cardinalis 

LINNAEUS. 

Cardinalis  cardinalis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  United  States  east  of  the  Great  Plains,  west  to  Arizona 
and  Lower  California,  and  south  to  southern  Mexico. 

a.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  cardinalis  (LINN.EUS).    Cardinal.    [593.] 

Loxia  cardinalis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  172.     (Eastern 
United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian  zones  east  of  the  Great  Plains 
from  southeastern  South  Dakota,  southern  Iowa,  northern  Indiana,  northern 
Ohio,  southern  Ontario  (locally),  southeastern  and  southwestern  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  southern  Hudson  Valley  south  to  the  Gulf  States  (eastern  Texas  to 
northern  Florida);  casual  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut;  resident  in  Bermuda. 

b.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  supSrbus  RIDGWAY.    Arizona  Cardinal.    [593a.] 

Cardinalis    cardinalis    superbus    RIDGWAY,    Auk,    II,    Oct.,    1885,    344. 
(Fuller's  Ranch,  a  few  miles  east  of  Camp  Lowell,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  contiguous  parts  of  Sonora.     . 


ORDER   PASSERES.  283 

c.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  igneus  BAIRD.    San  Lucas  Cardinal.    [5936.] 

Cardinalis  igneus  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  305.     (Cape 
San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 

d.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  canicaudus  CHAPMAN.    Gray-tailed  Cardinal.    [593c.] 

Cardinalis  cardinalis  canicaudus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  Ill, 
Aug.,  1891,  324.     (30  miles  west  of  Corpus  Christi,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Central  and  southwestern  Texas  south  to  Puebla  and  Michoacan, 
central  Mexico. 

e.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  floridanus  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Cardinal.    [593<2.] 

Cardinalis  cardinalis  floridanus  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2, 
1896,  606.     (Enterprise,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida. 


GENUS  PYREHULOXIA  BONAPARTE. 

Pyrrhuloxia  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Avium,  I,  1850,  500.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Cardinalis  sinuatus  BONAPARTE. 

Pyrrimloxia  sinuata  (BONAPARTE). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  south  to  central 
Mexico  and  Lower  California. 

a.  Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata  sinuata  (BONAPARTE).     Arizona  Pyrrhuloxia.     [594.] 

Cardinalis  sinuatus  BONAPARTE,   Proc.   Zool.  Soc.   Lond.,    1837   (June, 
1838),  111.     ("Western  parts  of  Mexico.") 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southern  Arizona,  southern  New 
Mexico,  and  extreme  western  Texas  south  through  western  Mexico  to  Zaca- 
tecas  and  Sinaloa. 

b.  Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata  texana  RIDGWAY.     Texas  Pyrrhuloxia.     [594a.j 

Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata  texana  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XIV,  Jan.,  1897,  95.     (Cor- 
pus Christi,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  Nueces,  Bee,  Bexar,  Kendall,  and 
Tom  Green  counties,  Texas,  south  through  eastern  Mexico  to  Puebla. 


284  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

c.     Pyrrhuloxia     sinuata    peninsulas     RIDGWAY.     San    Lucas     Pyrrhuloxia. 

[5946.] 

Pyrrhuloxia   sinuata   peninsula  RIDGWAY,    Auk,    IV,    Oct.,    1887,    347. 
(San  Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 


GENUS  ZAMELODIA  COUES. 

Zamelodia  COUES,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  .V,  April,  1880,  98.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Loxia  ludoviciana  LINNAEUS  (Coues,  1897). 

Zamelodia  ludoviciana  (LINNJEUS).     Rose-breasted  Grosbeak.     [595.] 
Loxia  ludoviciana  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12, 1,  1766,  306.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  lower  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  south  central 
Mackenzie,  northern  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  southern  Quebec, 
and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  central  Kansas,  central  Missouri, 
central  Ohio,  central  New  Jersey,  and  in  mountains  to  northern 
Georgia;  winters  from  southern  Mexico  and  Yucatan  to  Colombia, 
Venezuela,  and  Ecuador;  casual  in  migration  in  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and 
the  Bahamas;  accidental  in  Arizona,  Colorado,  and  California. 

Zamelodia  melanocephala  (SWAINSON).    Black-headed  Grosbeak.  [596.] 

Guiraca  melanocephala  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.   S.,  I,   1827,  438. 
(Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southwestern 
Saskatchewan,  and  central  North  Dakota  to  the  southern  parts  of  the 
Mexican  plateau  (Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  and  Michoacan),  and  from 
central  Nebraska  to  the  Pacific;  winters  in  the  southern  part  of  its 
range  from  southern  Lower  California,  Mazatlan,  Valley  of  Mexico, 
and  Orizaba  to  Chiapas. 


GENUS  GUIRACA  SWAINSON. 

Guiraca  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  438.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Loxia  ccerulea  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 


ORDER   PASSERES.  285 


Guiraca  cserulea  (Li 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  and  southern  United  States  south  over  the 
Mexican  highlands  to  Chiapas,  and  in  winter  south  to  Costa  Rica. 

a.  Guiraca  cserulea  caemlea  (LINN^US).     Blue  Grosbeak.     [597.] 

Loxia  ccerulea  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  175.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Carolinian  and  Austrori- 
parian  zones  from  Missouri,  southern  Illinois,  and  Maryland  south  to  eastern 
Texas  and  northern  Florida;  winters  in  Yucatan  and  Honduras;  casual  in 
southern  Indiana  and  southern  Pennsylvania;  accidental  in  Wisconsin,  New 
England,  the  Maritime  Provinces,  and  Cuba. 

b.  Guiraca  cserulea  lazula  (LESSON).    Western  Blue  Grosbeak.    [597a.] 

Pitylus  lazulus  LESSON,  Revue  Zool.,  V,  1842,  174.     (San  Carlos,  Salva- 
dor.) 

RANGE.  —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran 
zones  from  northern  California)  southern  Nevada,  central  Colorado,  and 
northeastern  Nebraska  south  to  Oaxaca,  Mexico,  and  east  to  central  Texas; 
winters  from  southern  Sonora  to  Costa  Rica. 


GENUS  PASSERINA  VIEILLOT. 

Passerina  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  30.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Tanagra 
cyanea  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 

Passerina  cyanea  (LiNN^us).     Indigo  Bunting.    [598.] 

Tanagra  cyanea  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  315.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition 
and  Austral  zones  east  of  the  Great  Plains  from  east  central  North 
Dakota,  central  Minnesota,  northwestern  Michigan,  southern  Ontario, 
southern  Quebec,  and  southern  New  Brunswick  south  to  central  Texas, 
southern  Louisiana,  central  Alabama,  and  central  Georgia;  winters 
from  Morelos,  Yucatan,  and  Cuba  through  Central  America  to 
Panama;  occasional  in  the  Bahamas  in  migration;  casual  in  eastern 
Colorado,  southern  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba. 

Passerina  amdena  (SAY).     Lazuli  Bunting.    [599.] 

Emberiza  amcena  SAY,   in  Long's  Exped..   II,   1823,  47  (note).     (Near 
Canon  City,  Colorado.) 


286  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southern 
Alberta,  southeastern  Saskatchewan,  and  western  North  Dakota 
south  to  southern  California  and  southwestern  Texas;  winters  in 
Mexico  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  the  Valley  of  Mexico;  acciden- 
tal in  southern  Mackenzie  (Fort  Providence). 

\ 

Passe rina  versicolor  (BONAPARTE). 
RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.    Passerina  versicolor  versicolor  (BONAPARTE).    Varied  Bunting.    [600.] 

Spiza  versicolor  BONAPARTE,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1837  (June,  1838), 
120.     (Near  Temascaltepec,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  in  Texas  from  mouth  of  the 
Pecos  southward  to  Guatemala;  accidental  in  Michigan. 

6.    Passerina  versicolor  pulchra  RIDGWAY.     Beautiful  Bunting.    [600a.] 

Passerina  versicolor  pulchra  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  448. 
(Miraflores,   southern  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona,  northwestern  Mexico,  and  southern  Lower 
California. 

Passerina  ciris  (LINNAEUS).     Painted  Bunting.    [601.] 

Emberiza  ciris  LINNJEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  179.     (Vera  Cruz, 
Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Lower  Austral 
Zone  from  southern  Kansas,  central  Arkansas,  northern  Mississippi, 
and  southeastern  North  Carolina  south  to  southeastern  New  Mexico, 
Texas,  and  the  Gulf  coast;  casual  in  southern  Arizona  and  southern 
Illinois;  winters  in  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  and  from  central  Mexico  and 
Yucatan  to  Panama;  occasional  in  winter  in  southern  Louisiana  and 
central  Florida. 


GENUS  SPOROPHILA  CABANIS. 

Sporophila  CABANIS,  Archiv  fur  Naturg.,  X,  i,  1844,  291.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Spermophila  luctuosa  LAFRESNAYE  (Sharpe,  1888). 


ORDER   PASSERES.  287 

Sporophila  morelleti  (BONAPARTE) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  south  through 
eastern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

a.     [Sporophila  morelleti  morelleti.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Sporophila  morelleti  sharpei  LAWRENCE.     Sharpens  Seedeater.     [602.] 

Sporophila  morelleti  sharpei  LAWRENCE,  Auk,  VI,  Jan.,  1889,  53.     (Lom- 
ita,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  and  Nuevo  Leon  and  Tamauli- 
pas,  Mexico. 


[GENUS  TIARIS  SWAINSON. 

Tiaris  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  438.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Tiaris  pusillus  SWAINSON. 

Tiaris  bicolor  (LINNAEUS).     Grassquit.    [603.] 

Fringilla  bicolor  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  324.     (Bahama 
Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Bahamas;  accidental  at  Miami,  Florida. 

Tiaris  canora  (GMELIN).     Melodious  Grassquit.    [603.1.] 

Loxia  canora  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  858.     ("In  nova  Hispania" 
=  Cuba.) 

RANGE. —  Cuba;   accidental  on  Sombrero  Key,  Florida.] 


GENUS  SPIZA  BONAPARTE. 

Spiza  BONAPARTE,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  IV,  i,  1824,  45.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Emberiza  americana  GMELIN  (Bonaparte,  1827). 

Spiza  americana  (GMELIN).     Dickcissel.     [604.] 

Emberiza  americana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  872.     (New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  chiefly  in  Austral  zones  from  northeastern  Wyoming,  north- 


288  CHECK-LIST   OF  NOKTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

western  North  Dakota,  northwestern  Minnesota,  southern  Michigan, 
and  southern  Ontario  south  to  southern  Texas  and  southern  Miss- 
issippi ;  formerly  bred  on  the  Atlantic  coast  plain  from  Massachusetts 
(casually  wandering  to  Maine)  to  South  Carolina,  but  now  extremely 
rare  east  of  the  Alleghenies ;  winters  in  Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela, 
and  Trinidad,  migrating  through  Mexico  and  Central  America;  acci- 
dental in  Lower  California,  Arizona,  Manitoba,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
Jamaica. 

GENUS  CALAMOSPIZA  BONAPARTE. 

Calamospiza  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  30.  Type,  by 
monotypy,  Fringilla  bicolor  J.  K.  TOWNSEND  =  Calamospiza  melano- 
corys  STEJNEGER. 

Calamospiza  melanocorys  STEJNEGER.     Lark  Bunting.     [605.] 

Calamospiza  melanocorys  STEJNEGER,  Auk,  II,  Jan.,  1885,  49.  (Plains 
of  the  Platte  River.) 

RANGE. —  Plains  of  central  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition 
and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  Alberta,  southern  Saskatch- 
ewan, and  southwestern  Manitoba  south  to  northwestern  New  Mexico 
and  northwestern  Texas,  and  east  to  eastern  Nebraska  and  west 
central  Minnesota;  winters  southward  from  southern  Texas  and 
southern  Arizona,  on  the  Mexican  tableland  as  far  as  Sonora,  Guana- 
juato, Zacatecas,  and  in  southern  Lower  California;  occasional  in 
migration  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  California  and  east  to 
western  Iowa  and  southeastern  Minnesota;  accidental  in  Massachu- 
setts, New  York,  and  South  Carolina. 


FAMILY  TANGARID-ffi.     TANAGERS. 

GENUS  PIRANGA  VIEILLOT. 

Piranga  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807,  iv.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Muscicapa  rubra  LINNAEUS,  1766  =  Fringilla  rubra  LINN^US.  1758. 

Piranga  ludoviciana  (WILSON).     Western  Tanager.     [607.] 

Tanagra  ludoviciana  WILSON,  Amer.  On.,  Ill,  1811,  27,  pi.  20,  fig.  1. 
(Near  mouth  of  Lolo  Creek  Fork  of  Clearwater  River,  western  Idaho.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  289 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  northeastern  British  Columbia,  southwestern 
Mackenzie,  and  southwestern  South  Dakota  to  high  mountains  of 
southern  California  and  western  Texas;  winters  southward  from  cen- 
tral Mexico  through  the  highlands  to  Guatemala;  straggles  east  dur- 
ing migration  to  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  and 
Louisiana;  casual  in  Wisconsin. 

Piranga  erythromelas  VIEILLOT.    Scarlet  Tanager.    [608.] 

Pyranga    erythromelas  VIEILLOT,   Nouv.   Diet.   d'Hist.   Nat.,   XXVIII, 
1819,  293.     (Eastern  North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  south- 
eastern Saskatchewan,  central  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  southern 
Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  southern  Kansas, 
northern  Arkansas,  Tennessee,  northern  Georgia,  and  mountains  of 
Virginia  and  South  Carolina;  winters  from  Colombia  to  Bolivia  and 
Peru;  migrates  through  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Yucatan,  and  along  the 
east  coast  of  Central  America ;  casual  in  migration  in  Wyoming,  Colo- 
rado, the  Bahamas,  and  Lesser  Antilles. 

Piranga  hepatica  SWAINSON.    Hepatic  Tanager.    [609.] 

Pyranga  hepatica   SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  438. 
(Real  del  Monte,  a  few  miles  east  of  Pachuca,  Hidalgo,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Northwestern  Arizona,  northeastern  New  Mexico,  and 
western  Texas  south  to  Guatemala. 

Piranga  rubra  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Southern  United  States  and  northern  Mexico,  south  in 
winter  to  northern  South  America. 

a.     Piranga  nibra  rubra  (LINN^US).     Summer  Tanager.    [610.] 

Fringilla  rubra  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  181.     (Virginia  or 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
in  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian  zones  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  southern 
Iowa,  southeastern  Wisconsin,  central  Indiana,  southern  Ohio,  Maryland 


290  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

(formerly  New  Jersey),  and  Delaware  south  to  northeastern  Mexico  and 
central  Florida ;  winters  from  central  Mexico  and  Yucatan  to  Ecuador,  Peru, 
and  Guiana;  straggles  north  to  New  Brunswick,  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia, 
Maine,  and  Ontario;  migrant  in  western  Cuba;  accidental  in  the  Bahamas. 

6.    Piranga  rubra  cooperi  RIDGWAY.    Cooper's  Tanager.    [610a.] 

Pyranga  cooperi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1869,  130.     (Los 
Pinos,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southeastern  Cali- 
fornia, southern  Nevada,  central  Arizona,  and  northeastern  New  Mexico  to 
central  Nuevo  Leon  and  northern  Durango;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to 
Colima  and  Morelos;  casual  north  to  Colorado. 


FAMILY  HIRUNDINIDJE.    SWALLOWS. 


GENUS  PROGNE  BOIE. 

Progne  BOIE,  Isis,  XIX,  1826,  971.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Hirundo  pur- 
purea  LINNAEUS  =  H.  subis  LINN^US. 

Progne  subis  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America. 

a.    Progne  subis  subis  (LINN^US).    Purple  Martin.    [611.] 

Hirundo  subis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  192.     ("Hudson's 
Bay.") 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America,  except  the  Pacific  coast  region. 
Breeds  from  west  central  Alberta,  southern  Saskatchewan,  central  Manitoba, 
northwestern  Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia,  west  to  Montana 
and  Idaho,  and  south  to  the  Gulf  coast,  Florida,  Vera  Cruz,  and  Jalisco; 
occurs  in  migration  in  Venezuela  and  Guiana  and  winters  in  Brazil;  acci- 
dental in  Bermuda  and  the  British  Isles. 

6.    Progne  subis  hesperia  BREWSTER.    Western  Martin.    [6 11  a.] 

Progne  subis  hesperia  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VI,  April,  1889,  92.     (Separates 
publ.  Jan.  31.)     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  Coast  region.  Breeds  from  British  Columbia  to  Cape 
San  Lucas;  winter  home  unknown;  occurs  in  migration  in  Nicaragua. 


ORDER  PASSERES.  291 

Progne  cryptoletica  BAIRD.     Cuban  Martin.     [611.1.] 

Progne.  cryptoleuca  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1865,  277.     (Remedies, 
Cuba.) 

RANGE. —  Cuba;  occasional  or  accidental  in  southern  Florida. 

Progne  chalybea  (GMELIN).     Gray-breasted  Martin.     [611.2.] 
Hirundo  chalybea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  1026.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  in  Texas  south 
through  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  southern 
Brazil. 

GENUS  PETROCHELIDON  CABANIS. 

Petrochelidon  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  47.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Hirundo  melanogaster  SWAINSON  (Gray,  1855). 

Petrochelidon  lunifrons  (SAY). 
RANGE. —  North  America,  migrating  to  South  America  in  winter. 

a.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons  lunifrons  (SAY).    Cliff  Swallow.    [612.] 

Hirundo  lunifrons  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  II,  1823,  47  (note).     (Near 
Canon  City,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  lower  edge  of  the  Arctic  to  Lower 
Austral  zone  from  central  Alaska,  upper  Yukon  Valley,  north  central  Macken- 
zie, southern  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  central  Quebec,  Anticosti  Island, 
and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  over  nearly  all  of  the  United  States  except 
Florida  and  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  (casual  as  a  breeder  south  of  lat.  38°, 
east  of  long.  97°);  also  along  the  coast  district  of  western  Mexico  to  Tepic; 
migrates  through  Central  America  and  probably  winters  in  Brazil  and 
Argentina. 

b.  Petrochelidon    lunifrons    tachina    OBERHOLSER.     Lesser    Cliff    Swallow. 

[612a.] 

Petrochelidon  lunifrons  tachina  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI, 
Feb.  21,  1903,  15.     (Langtry,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Texas  and  Mexico.  Breeds  in  western  Texas,  the  Rio  Grande 
Valley,  and  through  eastern  Mexico  to  Vera  Cruz ;  winter  home  unknown  but 
undoubtedly  in  South  America;  migrates  through  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 


292  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

c.    Petrochelidon  lunifrons  melanogastra  (SWAINSON).    Mexican  Cliff  Swal- 
low.    [6126.] 

Hirundo  melanogaster  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,  1827,  366. 
("Table  land  of  Mexico.     It  has  been  since  sent  from  Real  del  Monte.") 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  southern  Arizona,  Sonora,  and  Chihuahua,  and  south 
over  the  Mexican  tableland  to  Guatemala ;  winter  home  unknown  but  proba- 
bly in  South  America. 

[Petrochelidon  fulva  (VIEILLOT).     Cuban  Cliff  Swallow.    [612.1.] 

Hirundo  fulva  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  62,  pi.  32. 
(Santo  Domingo.) 

RANGE. —  Cuba  and  Isle  of  Pines;  accidental  on  Dry  Tortugas, 
Florida.] 

GENUS  HIRUNDO  LINNAEUS. 

Hirundo  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  191.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Hirundo  rustica  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Hirundo  erythrogastra  BODDAERT.     Barn  Swallow.    [613.] 

Hirundo  erythrogaster  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  45.     (Cayenne.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  from  northwestern  Alaska, 
northern  Mackenzie  (Great  Bear  Lake),  southern  Manitoba,  and 
southern  Ungava  south  to  southern  California,  southern  Texas  (west 
of  longitude  97°),  northern  Arkansas,  and  North  Carolina,  and  in 
Mexico  south  to  Jalisco  and  Tepic;  migrates  through  the  Bahamas 
and  the  West  Indies  and  winters  from  southern  Mexico  to  Brazil, 
northern  Argentina,  and  central  Chile;  accidental  in  the  Galapagos, 
Bermuda,  and  Greenland. 

[Hirundo  rustica  LINN^US.     European  Swallow.     [613.1.] 

Hirundo  rustica  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  191.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Palsearctic  region.  Breeds  generally,  except  in  the 
extreme  eastern  part;  winters  south  to  India,  Malay  Peninsula,  the 
Philippines,  and  Africa;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 


ORDER  PASSERES.  293 


GENUS  IRIDOPROCNE  COUES. 

Iridoprocne  COUES,  Birds  Colo.  Valley,  1878,  412.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Hirundo  bicolor  VIEILLOT. 

Iridoprocne  bicolor  (VIEILLOT).     Tree  Swallow.     [614.] 

Hirundo  bicolor  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  61,  pi.  31. 
(Middle  eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  northwestern  Alaska,  southern  and  western 
Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  and  northern  Ungava  to  southern 
California,  Colorado,  Kansas,  Missouri,  and  Virginia;  winters  from 
central  California,  southern  Texas,  southern  parts  of  the  Gulf  States, 
and  southeastern  North  Carolina  (casually  New  Jersey)  south  over 
the  greater  part  of  Mexico  to  Guatemala  and  Cuba;  occasional  in 
Bermuda  in  migration;  accidental  in  the  British  Isles. 


GENUS  TACHYCINETA  CABANIS. 

Tachycineta  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  48.  Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Hirundo  thalassina  SWAINSON  (Gray,  1855). 

Tachycineta  thalassina  (SWAINSON). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  south  to  the  Mexican  highlands, 
and  to  Central  America  in  winter. 

a.  [Tachycineta  thalassina  thalassina.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Tachycineta  thalassina  lepida  MEARNS.     Northern  Violet-green  Swallow. 

[615.] 

Tachycineta  lepida  MEARNS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XV,  March  5,  1902, 
31.  (Laguna  Mountains,  20  miles  north  of  Campos,  San  Diego  Co., 
California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  central  Alaska,  Yukon, 
and  southern  Alberta  south  to  northern  half  of  Lower  California  and  northern 
Durango,  east  to  western  South  Dakota  and  western  Nebraska;  winters  in 
Mexico  and  south  to  Guatemala  and  Costa  Rica;  migrates  through  western 
Texas. 


294  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

c.    Tachycineta   thalassina   brachyptera    BREWSTER.     San    Lucas    Swallow. 
[615a.] 

Tachycineta  thalassina  brachyptera  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
XLI,  1902,  167.     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  half  of  Lower  California. 


[GENUS  CALLICHELIDON  BAIRD. 

Cattichelidon  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1865,  303.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Hirundo  cyaneoviridis  H.  Bryant. 

Callichelidon  cyaneoviridis  (H.  BRYANT).     Bahama  Swallow.    [615.1.] 

Hirundo  cyaneoviridis  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  VII,  1859,  111. 
(Nassau,  New  Providence,  Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Bahamas;    accidental    on    the    Dry   Tortugas    and    at 
Tarpon  Springs,  Florida.] 


[GENUS  CHELIDONARIA  REICHENOW. 

Chelidonaria  REICHENOW,   Journ.   fur  On.,   April,    1889,    187.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Hirundo  urbica  LINNAEUS. 

Chelidonaria  urbica  (LINNAEUS).    European  Martin.    [615.2.] 

Hirundo  urbica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  192.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  Asia  east  to  Turkestan;   winters  in  Africa 
and  northwestern  India;    accidental  in  Greenland.] 


GENUS  RIPARIA  T.  FORSTER. 

Riparia  FORSTER,  Synop.  Cat.  Brit.  Birds,  1817,  17.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Riparia  europcea  FORSTER  =  Hirundo  riparia  LINNAEUS. 

Riparia  riparia   (LiNN^us).     Bank  Swallow.    [616.] 

Hirundo  riparia  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  192.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern   Hemisphere.     In   North   America   breeds   in 
Boreal,  Transition,  and  Austral  zones  from  near  limit  of  trees  in 


ORDER  PASSERES.  295 

northern  Alaska  and  northern  Ungava  south  to  southern  California, 
Arizona,  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Virginia;  migrates  through  Mexico 
and  Central  America  (casually  West  Indies),  and  probably  winters  in 
South  America  to  Brazil  and  Peru. 


GENUS  STELGIDOPTERYX  BAIRD. 

Stelgidopteryx  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  312. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Hirundo  serripennis  AUDUBON. 

Stelgidopteryx  serripennis  (AUDUBON).     Rough-winged  Swallow.  [617.] 

Hirundo  serripennis  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  IV,  1838,  593.     (Charleston, 

S.  C.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition,  Austral,  and 
Tropical  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Montana,  North 
Dakota,  Minnesota,  southern  Wisconsin,  Ontario,  southern  New  York, 
central  western  Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut  south  to  southern 
United  States  from  southern  California  to  northern  Florida,  and  to 
Vera  Cruz  and  Jalisco;  winters  from  central  Mexico  southward  to 
Costa  Rica;  casual  in  Manitoba. 


FAMILY  BOMBYCILLID4B.     WAXWINGS. 

GENUS  BOMBYCILLA  VIEILLOT. 

Bombydlla  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,   1807  (1808),  88.    Type,  by 
monotypy,  Bombycilla  cedrorum  VIEILLOT. 

Bombycilla  garrala  (LINNJSUS).     Bohemian  Waxwing.    [618.] 

Lanius  garrulus  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  95.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  zones  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  North 
America  breeds  from  northern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  and 
central  Keewatin  south  to  southern  British  Columbia  and  southern 
Alberta;  winters  east  to  Nova  Scotia  and  south  irregularly  to  eastern 
California,  Colorado,  Kansas,  southern  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Connecticut;  casual  in  Arizona. 


296  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Bombycilla  cedrorum  VIEILLOT.     Cedar  Waxwing.     [619.] 

Bombycilla  cedrorum  VIEILLOT,  Ois  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  88,  pi.  57. 
(Eastern  North  America?) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  central  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta, 
southern  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  northwestern  Quebec,  and  Cape 
Breton  Island  south  to  southern  Oregon,  northern  New  Mexico, 
Kansas,  northern  Arkansas,  and  North  Carolina;  winters  throughout 
nearly  all  of  the  United  States  and  southward  to  Cuba,  Mexico,  and 
Panama;  accidental  in  the  Bahamas,  Bermuda,  Jamaica,  and  British 
Isles. 


FAMILY  PTILOGONATIDJE.    SILKY  FLYCATCHERS. 
GENUS  PHAINOPEPLA  BAIRD. 

Phainopepla  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  923. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Ptilogonys  nitens  SWAINSON. 

Phainopepla  nitens  (SWAINSON).     Phainopepla.    [620.]- 

Ptilogonys  nitens  SWAINSON,  Anim.  in  Menag.,  1838,  285.     (Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  central  California,  southern 
Utah,  and  southwestern  Texas  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Vera  Cruz, 
Puebla,  and  Valley  of  Mexico;  winters  from  southern  California 
southward;  casual  in  central  Nevada  and  northern  California. 


FAMILY  LANIIDJE.    SHRIKES. 


GENUS  LANIUS  LINNAEUS. 

Lanius  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  93.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Lanius  excubitor  LINNAEUS  (Swainson,  1824). 

Lanius  borealis  VIEILLOT.     Northern  Shrike.    [621.] 

Lanius  borealis  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  80,  pi.  50. 
(Northeastern   United   States?) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  297 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  the  Hudsonian 
Zone  and  locally  in  the  Canadian  from  northwestern  Alaska,  northern 
Mackenzie,  and  northern  Ungava  to  the  base  of  the  Alaska  Peninsula, 
central  Saskatchewan,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern  Quebec;  win- 
ters southward  to  central  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Texas, 
Kentucky,  and  Virginia. 

Lanius  ludovicianus  LINNAEUS. 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Alberta, 
Manitoba,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  southern 
Mexico. 

a.    Lanius  ludovicianus  ludovicianus  LINN^US.    Loggerhead  Shrike.    [622.] 
Lanius  ludovicianus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  134.     (Louisi- 
ana.) 

RANGE. —  Austroriparian  Zone  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States  from  south- 
ern North  Carolina  to  southern  Florida  and  west  to  Louisiana. 

6.    Lanius    ludovicianus    excubitorides    SWAINSON.    White-nimped    Shrike. 
[622o.] 

Lanius  excubilorides  SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831  (1832),  115, 
pi.  34.     (Carlton  House,  Saskatchewan.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Austral  zones 
from  central  Alberta,  southern  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba  south 
to  southeastern  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  and  northern  Mexico  to  Tepic  and 
Durango,  and  from  the  western  border  of  the  Great  Basin  eastward  across 
the  Plains;  winters  in  southwestern  United  States  and  south  to  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec. 

c.  Lanius  ludovicianus  g&mbeli  RIDGWAY.    California  Shrike.    [6226.] 

Lanius  ludovicianus  gambeli  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  467- 
(Calaveras  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  in  the  interior  valleys  of  southern  British 
Columbia,  Washington,  Oregon,  California,  and  northern  Lower  California, 
west  to  the  coast  from  Marin  County  southward;  winters  south  to  Cape  San 
Lucas  and  in  western  Mexico  to  Morelos. 

d.  Lanius  ludovicianus  £nthonyi  MEARNS.    Island  Shrike.    [622c.] 

Lanius  ludovicianus  anthonyi  MEARNS,  Auk,  XV,  July,  1898,  261.     (Santa 
Cruz  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Santa  Barbara  Islands  and  San  Clemente  Island,  California,  and 
Santa  Margarita  Island,  Lower  California. 


298  CHECK-LIST    OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

e.    Lanius  ludovicianus  migrans  W.  PALMER.    Migrant  Shrike.     [622e.] 

Lanius  ludovicianus  migrans  PALMER,  Auk,  XV,  July,  1898,  248.     (Kings- 
ton, Ontario,  Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  northern  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  southern 
Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  Maine,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  eastern  Kansas, 
southern  Illinois,  Kentucky,  western  North  Carolina,  and  interior  of  Virginia 
(locally  in  the  east) ;  winters  from  the  Middle  States  and  southern  New 
England  to  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Mississippi. 


FAMILY  VIREONIDJE.    VIREOS. 


GENUS  VIREOSYLVA  BONAPARTE. 

Vireosylva  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  26.     Type,  by  subs. 
desig.,  Musdcapa  olivacea  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 


Vireosylva  calidris 

Range.  —  Southern  Florida  and  the  West  Indies. 
a.    [Vireosylva  calidris  calidris.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Vireosylva  calidris  barbatula  (CABANIS).    Black-whiskered  Vireo.    [623.] 
Phyttomanes  barbatulus  CABANIS,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,  1855,  467.     (Cuba.) 

RANGE.  —  Southern  Florida  (as  far  north  as  Anclote  Keys),  Key  West, 
Dry  Tortugas,  Cuba,  Little  Cayman,  and  the  Bahamas. 

Vireosylva  olivacea   (LiNN^us).    Red-eyed  Vireo.    [624.] 

Musdcapa  olivacea  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  1,  1766,  327.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE.  —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transi- 
tion, and  Austral  zones  from  central  British  Columbia,  southern 
Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  Anticosti  Island, 
and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  southeastern  Washington,  southern 
Montana,  eastern  Wyoming,  eastern  Colorado,  western  Texas,  north- 
ern Coahuila,  and  central  Florida;  migrates  through  eastern  Mexico, 
Yucatan,  and  Central  America  (casually  Cuba  and  the  Bahamas); 
winters  in  Colombia  and  south  to  Ecuador  and  southern  Brazil; 
accidental  in  Nevada,  Greenland,  and  England. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  299 

[Vireosylva  flavoviridis  CASSIN.     Yellow-green  Vireo.    [625.] 

Vireosylvia  flavoviridis  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1851,  152. 
(Panama.) 

RANGE. —  Tamaulipas,  Nuevo  Leon,  and  Sinaloa,  south  to  South 
America;  accidental  at  Brownsville,  Texas,  Riverside,  California  and 
Godbout,  Quebec.] 

Vireosylva  philadelpbica  CASSIN.     Philadelphia  Vireo.    [626.] 

Vireosylvia  philadelphica  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1851, 
153,  pi.  10,  fig.  2.     (Near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone 
from  northern  and  central  Alberta,  northern  Manitoba,  northern 
Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and  Maine  to  northern  Michigan  and  New 
Hampshire;  winters  from  Cozumel  Island  and  Guatemala  to  Veragua. 

Vireosylva  gilva  (VIEILLOT). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Vireosylva  gilva  gilva  (VIEILLOT).    Warbling  Vireo.    [627.] 

Muscicapa  gilva  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  65,  pi.  34. 
(Middle  United  States,  particularly  New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Austral  zones 
from  southeastern  Alberta,  northern  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  and  Nova 
Scotia  south  to  northwestern  Texas,  southern  Louisiana,  North  Carolina,  and 
Virginia;  winter  home  unknown,  but  south  of  the  United  States. 

b.  Vireosylva  gilva  swainsoni  (BAIRD).    Western  Warbling  Vireo.    [627a.] 

Vireo  swainsonii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  336. 
(Petaluma,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  southwestern  Mackenzie, 
and  northeastern  Alberta  south  to  southern  Lower  California,  northern  Sonora, 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas,  and  east  to  western  South  Dakota 
and  northwestern  Nebraska;  winters  south  to  Guatemala. 


300  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  LANIVIREO  BAIRD. 

Lanivireo  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1866,  326,  345.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  V ireo  flavifrons  VIEILLOT. 

Lanivireo  flavifrons  (VIEILLOT).     Yellow-throated  Vireo.    [628.] 

Vireo  flavifrons  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  85,  pi.  54. 
(Eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Austral  zones  from  southeastern  Saskatchewan,  southern  Manitoba, 
southern  Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  Maine  south  to  central  Texas, 
central  Louisiana,  and  central  Florida;  winters  from  Yucatan  and 
southern  Mexico  through  Central  America  to  Colombia;  casual  in 
winter  in  Cuba  and  the  Bahamas. 

Lanivireo  solitarius  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  Great  Slave  Lake  south  to  Lower 
California  and  the  highlands  of  Mexico;  in  winter  south  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Lanivireo  solitarius  solitarius  (WILSON).    Blue-headed  Vireo.    [629.] 
Muscicapa  solitaria  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  143,  pi.  17,  fig.  6. 

(Near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition 
zones  from  central  Alberta,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  central 
Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  northern  North 
Dakota,  central  Minnesota,  Michigan,  mountains  of  southern  Pennsylvania, 
and  Rhode  Island;  winters  in  the  Gulf  States  from  Texas  to  Florida  and  from 
eastern  Mexico  to  Guatemala;  accidental  in  Cuba. 

b.  Lanivireo  solitarius  cassini  (XANTUS).    Cassin's  Vireo.    [629a.] 

Vireo  cassinii  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat,  Sci.  Phila.,  1858,  117.     (Fort 
Tejon,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  slope.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  from  central  British 
Columbia,  southwestern  Alberta,  and  western  Montana  south  through  Cali- 
fornia and  western  Nevada  to  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California; 
winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Jalisco,  Michoacan,  Guanajuato,  Oaxaca,  and 
Chiapas,  migrating  through  Utah,  Arizona,  Colorado,  and  New  Mexico. 

c.  Lanivireo  solitarius  plumbeus  (COUES).    Plumbeous  Vireo.    [6296.] 

Vireo  plumbeus  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  74.     (Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  301 

RANGE. —  Southern  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  from  northern 
Nevada,  northern  Utah,  northeastern  Wyoming,  and  southwestern  South 
Dakota  south  through  Arizona  and  southwestern  Texas  to  Chihuahua  and 
mountains  of  Vera  Cruz;  winters  south  to  Oaxaca  and  Colima;  accidental 
in  California. 

d.  Lanivireo  solitarius  altfcola  (BREWSTER).    Mountain  Vireo.    [629c.] 

Vireo  solitarius  alticola  BREWSTER,  Auk,  III,  Jan.,  1886,  111.     (Highlands, 
Macon  Co.,  N.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  in  the  Alleghenies  from 
western  Maryland  to  eastern  Tennessee  and  northern  Georgia;  winters  in 
lowlands  from  South  Carolina  to  Florida. 

e.  Lanivireo  solitarius  lucasanus  (BREWSTER).     San  Lucas  Vireo.     [629d.] 

Vireo  solitarius  lucasanus  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,  1891,  147.     (San 
Jose  del  Rancho,  near  San  Jose1  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 


GENUS  VIREO  VIEILLOT. 

Vireo  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807  (1808),  83.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Vireo  musicus  VIEILLOT  =  Muscicapa  noveboracensis  GMELIN  = 
Tanagra  grisea  BODDAERT  (Gray,  1840). 

Vireo  atricapillus  WOODHOUSE.    Black-capped  Vireo.    [630.] 

Vireo  atricapilla  WOODHOUSE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1852, 
60.  (San  Pedro  River,  208  miles  from  San  Antonio,  on  road  leading 
from  that  place  to  El  Paso,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  from  southwestern  Kansas  to  central  and  western 
Texas;  probably  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Sinaloa  and  Volcano  of 
Toluca. 

Vireo  griseus  (BODDAERT). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States,  eastern  Mexico,  and  Bermuda;  in 
winter  to  Yucatan  and  Guatemala. 

a.    Vireo  griseus  griseus  (BODDAERT).     White-eyed  Vireo.     [631.] 

Tanagra  grisea  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  45.     (Louisiana.) 


302  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Austral  zones  from 
southeastern  Nebraska,  southern  Wisconsin,  New  York,  and  Massachusetts 
to  central  Texas  and  central  Florida;  winters  from  Texas,  Georgia,  Florida, 
and  South  Carolina  through  eastern  Mexico  to  Yucatan  and  Guatemala ;  casual 
north  to  Vermont,  Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and  in  Cuba. 

6.    Vireo  griseus  maynardi  BREWSTER.    Key  West  Vireo.    [63 la.] 

Vireo  noveboracensis  maynardi  BREWSTER,  Auk,  IV,  April,  1887,  148. 
(Key  West,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Florida,  from  Tarpon  Springs  and  Anastasia  Island  south  on 
the  coast  and  keys  to  Key  West. 

c.  Vireo  griseus  bermudidnus  BANGS  &  BRADLEE.    Bermuda  Vireo.     [6316.] 

Vireo  bermudianus  BANGS  &  BRADLEE,  Auk,  XVIII,  July,  1901,  252. 
(Hamilton,  Bermuda.) 

RANGE. —  Bermuda. 

d.  Vireo  griseus  mlcrus  NELSON.    Small  White-eyed  Vireo.    [631c.] 

Vireo  noveboracensis  micrus  NELSON,  Auk,  XVI,  Jan.,  1899,  30.     (Vic- 
toria, Tamaulipas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  to  Tamaulipas,  Nuevo  Leon,  and 
San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico. 

Vireo  huttoni  CASSIN. 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.    Vireo  huttoni  huttoni  CASSIN.    Button's  Vireo.    [632.] 

Vireo  huttoni  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,  1851, 150,  pi.  10, 
fig.  1.     (Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  from  Siskiyou  County  south 
to  San  Diego. 

6.     Vireo  huttoni  ste*phensi  BREWSTER.     Stephens's  Vireo.    [632a.] 

Vireo  hidtoni  stephensi  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VII,  July, 
1882,  142.     (Chiricahua  Mountains,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  to  western  Texas  and  south  to  Tamaulipas, 
Chihuahua,  Michoacan,  and  Tepic;  in  winter  south  to  southern  Mexico. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  303 

c.  Vireo  huttoni  obscurus  ANTHONY.     Anthony's  Vireo.     [632c.] 

Vireo  huttoni  obscurus  ANTHONY,  Zoe,  I,  Dec.,  1890  (Jan.,  1891),  308. 
(Beaverton,  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  from  southern  British  Columbia  and  Van- 
couver Island  to  Oregon. 

d.  Vireo  huttoni  cogn&tus  RIDGWAY.     Frazar's  Vireo.     [632d.] 

Vireo  huttoni  cognatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI,  Sept.  30, 
1903,  107.     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 

Vireo  belli  AUDUBON. 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  east  to  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and 
greater  part  of  Mexico. 

a.    Vireo  belli  belli  AUDUBON.    Bell's  Vireo.    [633.] 

Vireo  bellii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VII,  1844,  333,  pi.  485.     (Near  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Austral  zones  from  northeastern  Colorado,  southern 
South  Dakota,  northern  Illinois,  and  northwestern  Indiana  to  eastern  Texas 
and  Tamaulipas;  winters  in  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  accidental  in  New 
Hampshire. 

6.    Vireo  belli  pusfllus    COUES.    Least   Vireo.    [633a.] 

Vireo  pusillus  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  76.     (Cape  San 
Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Central  California,  southwestern  Nevada,  and  western  Texas 
south  to  northern  Lower  California,  Sinaloa,  Chihuahua,  and  Valley  of  Mexico. 

c.    Vireo  belli  me"dms  OBERHOLSER.     Texas  Vireo.     [6336.] 

Vireo  bettii  medius  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI,  Feb.  21, 
1903,  17.     (Boquillas,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  Texas  (Presidio,  Brewster,  and  Kinney  counties) 
south  to  Coahuila  and  Guanajuato,  central  Mexico. 

Vireo  vicinior  COUES.     Gray  Vireo.    [634.] 

Vireo  mcinior  COUES,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  75.      (Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  California,  southern  Nevada,  the  Grand  Canon 
of  the  Colorado,  and  southeastern  Colorado  south  to  Lower  California, 
Sonora,  and  Durango. 


304  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN    BIRDS. 

FAMILY  CQEREBIDJE.    HONEY  CREEPERS. 

GENUS  CCEREBA  VIEILLOT. 

Ccereba  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  II,  1807  (1809?),  70.     Type,  by  mono- 
*  Certhia  flaveola  LINNAEUS. 


Coereba  bahaxn§nsis  (REICHENBACH).    Bahama  Honey  Creeper.    [635.] 

Certhiola  bahamensis  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  Spe' 
(Bahamas.) 

RANGE. —  Bahamas  and  Indian  Key,  Florida. 


Certhiola  bahamensis  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  Spec.  Orn.,  I,  1853,  253. 
(Bahamas.) 


FAMILY  MNlOTILTID-ffi.    WOOD  WARBLERS. 


GENUS  MNIOTILTA.  VIEILLOT. 

Mniotilta  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  45.     Type,  by  monotypy,  "Figuier 
vane",  Buff."=  Motacilla  varia  LINN^US. 

Mniotilta  varia  (LINNJEUS).    Black  and  White  Warbler.    [636.] 

Motacilla  varia  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  333.     (Santo  Dom- 
ingo.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and  Austral  zones  from  central 
Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  Newfoundland, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Brunswick  to  eastern  Texas,  Louisiana, 
central  Alabama,  and  northern  Georgia,  west  to  South  Dakota  and 
casually  to  Wyoming  and  Colorado;  winters  from  Colima  and  Nuevo 
Leon  to  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Venezuela,  and  in  Florida,  the 
Bahamas  and  West  Indies  to  Guadeloupe,  and  casually  in  southern 
Texas;  accidental  in  Washington,  California,  and  Bermuda. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  305 


GENUS  PROTONOTARIA  BAIRD. 

Protonotaria  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  239.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Motacilla  citrea  BODDAERT. 

Protonotaria  citrea  (BODDAERT).     Prothonotary  Warbler.    [637.] 
Motacilla  citrea  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  44.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Austroriparian  Zone  and  along  river  bottoms  of  Carolinian 
Zone  from  northeastern  Nebraska,  southeastern  Minnesota,  southern 
Wisconsin,  southern  Michigan,  Ohio,  central  Delaware,  and  eastern 
Maryland  south  to  eastern  Texas  and  northern  Florida;  winters 
from  Nicaragua  to  Colombia  and  casually  in  Venezuela  and  southern 
Mexico;  apparently  crosses  the  Gulf  in  migration;  accidental  in  the 
West  Indies  and  not  found  in  Mexico  north  of  Campeche;  casual 
north  to  New  York,  New  England,  Ontario,  and  New  Brunswick, 
and  west  to  Arizona. 

GENUS  HELINAIA  AUDUBON. 

Helinaia  AUDUBON,  Synopsis,  1839,  66.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Sylvia 
swainsonii  AUDUBON  (Coues,  1878). 

Helinaia  swainsoni  (AUDUBON).    Swainson's  Warbler.    [638.] 

Sylvia  swainsonii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  II,  1834,  pi.  198.  (Ed- 
isto  River,  near  Charleston,  S.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian 
Zone  from  southeastern  Missouri,  southern  Illinois,  southern  Indiana, 
and  southeastern  Virginia  (Warwick  County)  south  to  Louisiana  and 
northern  Florida;  winters  in  Jamaica;  migrates  through  Cuba  and 
the  Bahamas;  casual  in  Nebraska,  Texas,  and  Vera  Cruz. 

GENUS  HELMITHEROS  RAFINESQUE. 

Helmitheros  RAFINESQUE,  Journ.  de  Physique,  LXXXVIII,  1819,  418. 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Helmitheros  migratorius  RAFINESQUE  =  Motacilla 
vermivora  GMELIN. 


306  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Helmitheros  vermivorus    (GMELIN).     Worm-eating   Warbler.    [639.] 
Motacilla  vermivora  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  951.     (Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  Caroli- 
nian Zone  from  southern  Iowa,  northern  Illinois,  eastern  and  western 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  Hudson  and  Connecticut  River  valleys  south 
to  southern  Missouri,  Tennessee,  Virginia,  and  mountains  of  South 
Carolina  (casually  further  south);  winters  from  Chiapas  to  Panama, 
in  Cuba  and  the  Bahamas,  and  casually  in  Florida;  in  migration 
casually  to  Massachusetts,  Vermont,  western  New  York,  southern 
Ontario,  and  southern  Wisconsin. 


GENUS  VERMIVORA  SWAINSON. 

Vermivora  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  June,  1827,  434.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Sylvia  solitaria  WILSON  =  Certhia  pinus  LINNAEUS. 

Vermivora  b^chmani  (AUDUBON).    Bachman's  Warbler.    [640.] 

Sylvia  bachmanii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  II,  1833,  pi.  185.     (Near 
Charleston,  S.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian 
Zone  in  southeastern  Missouri,  northeastern  Arkansas,  western  Ken- 
tucky, and  near  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  probably  in  southern 
Indiana  and  North  Carolina;  winters  in  Cuba;  in  migration  occurs  in 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  and  Florida;  casual  in  Virginia  and 
the  Bahamas. 

Vermivora  pinus  (LINNAEUS).    Blue-winged  Warbler.    [641.] 

Certhia  pinus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  187.     (Philadelphia, 
Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southeastern 
Minnesota,  southern  Michigan,  western  New  York,  Massachusetts 
(rarely),  and  southern  Connecticut  south  to  northeastern  Kansas, 
central  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  and  Delaware  (casually  fur- 
ther south);  winters  from  southern  Mexico  (Puebla)  to  Guatemala 
and  casually  to  Colombia;  very  rare  migrant  in  southeastern  United 
States  south  of  Virginia  and  east  of  Louisiana;  occasional  in  southern 
Ontario;  accidental  in  the  Bahamas. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  307 

Vermivora  chrysoptera  (LINNAEUS).     Golden-winged  Warbler.    [642.] 

Motadlla  chrysoptera  LINN^JUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1768,  333.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Alleghenian  Zone  from  central  Minnesota,  southern  Ontario, 
and  Massachusetts  south  to  southern  Iowa,  northern  Illinois,  northern 
Indiana,  northern  New  Jersey,  and  northern  Georgia;  winters  from 
Guatemala  to  Colombia,  and  casually  in  southern  Mexico;  very  rare 
in  Florida  and  southern  Georgia;  accidental  in  Manitoba  and  Cuba. 

Vermivora  lucise  (J.  G.  COOPER).     Lucy's  Warbler.     [643.] 

Helminthophaga  lucice  COOPER,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  1861,  120.     (Near 
Fort  Mojave,  Colorado  Valley,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico.  Breeds  in 
Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  Santa  Clara  Valley,  Utah,  and  Arizona; 
winters  in  western  Mexico  south  to  Jalisco. 

Vermivora  virginiae  (BAIRD).     Virginia's  Warbler.    [644.] 

Helminthophaga  virginice  BAIRD,  in  Birds  N.  A.,  1860,  xi  (note),  pi.  79, 
fig.  1.     (Fort  Burgwyn,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  in  Transition 
Zone  from  Nevada,  Utah,  and  northern  portions  of  Colorado  south  to 
southern  Arizona  (Santa  Catalina  Mountains)  and  northeastern  New 
Mexico;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Morelos,  Guerrero,  Michoacan, 
and  Jalisco. 

Vermivora  rubricapilla  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  North  America  south  to  Guatemala. 

a.    Vermivora  rubricapilla  rubricapilla  (WILSON).    Nashville  Warbler.    [645.] 
Sylvia  rubricapilla  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  VI,  1812,  xv.     (Near  Nashville, 
Tennessee.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition 
zones  from  southern  Saskatchewan,  northern  Ontario,  central  Quebec,  and 
Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  Nebraska,  northern  Illinois,  northern  Pennsyl- 
vania, northern  New  Jersey,  and  Connecticut;  winters  from  Vera  Cruz  and 
Chiapas  to  Guatemala  and  casually  in  southern  Texas;  very  rare  on  the 
Atlantic  slope  south  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 


308  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

b.    Vennivora  rubricapilla  gutturalis  (RIDGWAY).    Calaveras  Warbler.  [645a.] 

Helminthophaga  ruficapilla  var.  gutturalis  RIDGWAY,  in  Hist.  N.  A.  Birds, 
I,  1874,  191.     (East  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  from  southern 
British  Columbia  south  to  central  California,  east  to  Sierra  Nevada,  eastern 
Oregon,  and  Idaho;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Puebla,  Oaxaca,  Guerrero, 
Jalisco,  and  Colima ;  in  migration  Lower  California  and  east  to  Texas. 

Vermivora  celata  (SAY). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  mostly  north  of  the  United 
States  (further  south  in  mountains  arid  on  the  Pacific  coast);  winters 
in  southern  United  States  and  southward  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Vermivora  celata  celata  (SAY).     Orange-crowned  Warbler.    [646.] 

Sylvia  celatus  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  I,  1823,  169  (note).     (Engineer 
Cantonment,  near  Omaha,  Nebraska.) 

RANGE. —  Central  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Hudsonian  and  Cana- 
dian zones  from  Kowak  River,  Alaska,  southeast  to  central  Keewatin  and 
Manitoba,  and  south  locally  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  New  Mexico;  winters 
in  the  Gulf  and  South  Atlantic  States  to  South  Carolina  and  south  through 
Mexico  to  Mt.  Orizaba ;  rare  in  migration  along  the  Atlantic  slope  from  New 
Hampshire  southward. 

b.  Vermivora  celata  lute"scens  (RIDGWAY).    Lutescent  Warbler.    [646a.] 

Helminthophaga  celata  var.  lutescens  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3, 
IV,  Dec.,  1872,  457.     (Fort  Kenai,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian,  Canadian,  and 
upper  Transition  zones  of  the  Pacific  coast  from  Kadiak  Island  and  the  shores 
of  Cook  Inlet  south  to  mountains  of  southern  California  and  east  to  the  Ruby 
Mountains,  Nevada;  winters  from  Chihuahua  to  Guatemala;  in  migration 
east  to  Montana,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  and  Arizona. 

c.  Vermivora  celata  sordida  (C.  H.  TOWNSEND).    Dusky  Warbler.    [6466.] 

Helminthophila  celata  sordida  TOWNSEND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIII, 
1890,  139.     (San  Clemente  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  on  San  Clemente,  Santa  Catalina, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  Santa  Rosa  islands,  California,  and  Todos  Santos  Islands, 
Lower  California;  regular  visitant  to  the  mainland  at  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles, 
and  Santa  Barbara;  north  casually  to  Hayward,  and  south  to  northern 
Lower  California  in  winter. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  309 

Vermivora  peregrina  (WILSON).     Tennessee  Warbler.     [647.] 

Sylvia  peregrina  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  83,  pi.  25,  fig.  2.     (Cum- 
berland River,  Tennessee.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone 
from  upper  Yukon  Valley,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin, 
southern  Ungava,  and  Anticosti  Island  south  to  southern  British 
Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  Manitoba,  northern  Minnesota,  Ontario, 
New  York  (Adirondacks),  northern  Maine,  and  New  Hampshire; 
winters  from  Oaxaca  to  Colombia  and  Venezuela;  in  migration 
occurs  mainly  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  rare  on  the  Atlantic  slope; 
occasional  in  Florida  and  Cuba;  accidental  in  California. 


GENUS  COMPSOTHLYPIS  CABANIS. 

Compsothlypis  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hem.,  I,  1851,  20.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Parus  americanus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1855). 


Compsothlypis  americana 

RANGE.  —  Mainly  eastern  United  States;  in  winter,  West  Indies, 
southern  Mexico,  and  Central  America. 

a.  Compsothlypis  americana  americana  (LINNAEUS).    Parula  Warbler.    [648.] 
Parus  americanus  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  190.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE.  —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austral  zones  from  the 
District  of  Columbia  south  to  Alabama  and  Florida;  winters  probably  in 
Florida  and  northern  West  Indies. 

b.  Compsothlypis  americana  usneae  BREWSTER.    Northern  Parula  Warbler. 

[648a.] 

Compsothlypis  americana  usnece  BREWSTER,  Auk,  XIII,  Jan.,  1896,  44. 
(Lake  Umbagog,  Maine.) 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  and  Austral 
zones  from  eastern  Nebraska,  northern  Minnesota,  central  Ontario,  Anticosti 
Island,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  central  southern  Texas,  southern 
Louisiana,  Alabama,  Virginia,  and  Maryland;  winters  probably  in  the 
Bahamas  and  West  Indies  to  Barbados,  and  from  Vera  Cruz  and  Oaxaca  to 
Nicaragua  ;  casual  in  Wyoming  and  Colorado  ;  accidental  in  Greenland. 


310  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Compsothlypis  pitiayumi  (VIEILLOT). 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  south  through  Mexico,  Central 
America,  and  the  greater  part  of  South  America. 

a.  [Compsothlypis  pitiayumi  pitiayumi.    Extralimital.] 

b.  Compsothlypis  pitiayumi  nigrilora  (CouEs).     Bennett's  Warbler.     [649.] 

Parida  nigrilora  COUES,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  1878,  11. 
(Hidalgo,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Valley  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  in  Texas,  and  south  to  Nuevo 
Leon,  Tamaulipas,  and  southeastern  San  Luis  Potosi,  mainly  in  Lower  Sonoran 
Zone. 

GENUS  PEUCEDRAMUS  HENSHAW. 

Peucedramus  HENSHAW,  Ann.  Rep.  Geog.  Expl.  West  of  100th  Merid., 
1875,  156.     Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Sylvia  olivacea  GIRAUD. 

PeucSdramus  olivaceus  (GIRAUD).     Olive  Warbler.    [651.] 

Sylvia  olivacea  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Sp.  Texas  Birds,  1841,  [29],  pi.  7,  fig.  2. 
("Texas.") 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  the  Transition  Zone  of  the  White  and 
Huachuca  mountains  of  Arizona,  the  mountains  of  southern  New 
Mexico,  and  south  on  the  highlands  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 


GENUS  DENDROICA  GRAY. 

Dendroica  GRAY,  Append.  List  Gen.  Birds,  1842,  8.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Motadlla  coronata  LINNAEUS. 


SUBGENUS  PERISSGGLOSSA  BAIRD. 

Perissoglossa  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864,  162.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Motadlla  tigrina  GMELIN. 

Dendroica  tigrina  (GMELIN).     Cape  May  Warbler.     [650.] 
Motadlla  tigrina  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  985.     (Canada.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  311 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from 
southern  Mackenzie,  northern  Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova 
Scotia  south  to  Manitoba,  northern  Maine,  and  New  Hampshire, 
and  in  Jamaica;  winters  in  the  Bahamas  and  the  West  Indies  to 
Tobago;  accidental  in  Yucatan. 

SUBGENUS  DENDROICA. 

Dendroica  sestiva  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America;  in  winter  south  to  Central  and  South 
America. 

a.  Dendroica  sestiva  sestiva  (GMELIN).    Yellow  Warbler.    [652.] 

Motacitta  cestiva  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  996.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  from  Hudsonian  through 
Upper  Austral  Zone  in  North  America  east  of  Alaska  and  Pacific  slope  from 
tree  limit  south  to  Nevada,  northern  New  Mexico,  southern  Missouri,  and 
northern  South  Carolina;  winters  from  Yucatan  to  Guiana,  Brazil,  and  Peru. 

b.  Dendroica  sestiva  sonorana  BREWSTER.    Sonora  Yellow  Warbler.    [652a.] 

Dendroica  cestiva  sonorana  BREWSTER,  Auk,  V,  April,  1888,  137.     (Sep- 
arates publ.  Feb.  10.)     (Oposura,  Sonora,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Lower  Austral  Zone  of  Lower 
California,  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  southern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas;  winters  from  Mexico  south  to  Guatemala  and  Nicaragua. 

c.  Dendroica  sestiva  rubiginosa  (PALLAS).    Alaska  Yellow  Warbler.    [6526.] 

Motacitta  rubiginosa  PALLAS,    Zoogr.   Rosso-Asiatica,   I,   1826  (1811?), 
496.     (Kadiak,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  slope  of  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian  Zone 
throughout  most  of  Alaska  and  south  to  Vancouver  Island;  winters  from  Mex- 
ico to  Nicaragua. 

d.  Dendroica  sestiva  brewsteri  GRINNELL.    California  Yellow  Warbler.    [652c.] 

Dendroica  cestiva  brewsteri  GRINNELL,  Condor,  V,  1903,  72.     (Palo  Alto, 
California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  west  of  the  Cas- 
cades and  the  Sierra  Nevada  from  Washington  to  southern  California;  winter 
home  unknown. 


312  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Dendroica  bryanti  RIDGWAY. 
RANGE. —  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Costa  Rica. 

a.  [Dendroica  bryanti  bryanti.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Dendroica  bryanti  castane"iceps  RIDGWAY.    Mangrove  Warbler.     [653.] 

Dendroica  bryanti  castaneiceps  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII, 
1885,  350.     (La  Paz,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  Mexico  and  Central  America  from  La  Paz,  Lower 
California,  and  Sinaloa  to  Costa  Rica. 

Dendroica  caerule'scens  (GMELIN). 
RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America;  winters  in  the  West  Indies. 

a.  Dendroica    cserulescens    caerulescens    (GMELIN).    Black-throated    Blue 

Warbler.    [654.] 

Motacilla   ccerulescens   GMELIN,    Syst.    Nat.,    I,   ii,    1789,    960.     (Santo 
Domingo.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition 
zones  from  northern  Minnesota,  central  Ontario,  and  northeastern  Quebec 
south  to  central  Minnesota,  southern  Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  Pennsyl- 
vania (mountains),  and  northern  Connecticut;  winters  from  Key  West,  Flor- 
ida, to  the  Bahamas,  Greater  Antilles,  and  Cozumel  Island,  and  casually  to 
Guatemala  and  Colombia;  in  migration  casually  to  North  Dakota,  Nebraska, 
Kansas,  Colorado,  and  New  Mexico;  accidental  on  the  Farallon  Islands. 

b.  Dendroica  cserulescens  cairnsi  COUES.    Cairns's  Warbler.    [654a.] 

Dendroica  ccerulescens  cairnsi  COUES,  Auk,  XIV,  Jan.,  1897,  96.     (Craggy 
Mountain,  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  in  the  southern 
Alleghenies  from  Maryland  to  Georgia;  winters  in  the  West  Indies. 

Dendroica  coronata  (LINNAEUS).     Myrtle  Warbler.    [655.] 

Motacilla  coronata  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  333.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  except  western  United  States.  Breeds 
in  Hudsonian  and  Canadian  zones  from  tree  limit  in  northwestern 
Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  central  Ungava 
south  to  northern  British  Columbia,  southern  Alberta,  northern  Minne- 


ORDER   PASSERES.  313 

sota,  northern  Michigan,  central  Ontario,  New  Hampshire,  and 
Maine,  and  mountains  of  New  York,  Vermont,  and  Massachusetts; 
winters  from  Kansas,  Ohio  Valley,  and  New  Jersey  (locally  southern 
New  England)  south  to  the  Greater  Antilles,  Mexico,  and  Panama, 
and  on  the  Pacific  coast  from  central  Oregon  to  southern  California; 
accidental  in  Greenland  and  eastern  Siberia. 

Dendroica  auduboni  (TOWNSEND). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America;  in  winter  south  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Dendroica  auduboni  auduboni  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).    Audubon's  Warbler. 

[656.] 

x  Sylvia  auduboni  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1837, 
191.  (Forests  of  the  Columbia  River,  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washing- 
ton.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition 
zones  from  central  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta,  and  southwestern  Sas- 
katchewan south  to  mountains  of  southern  California,  northern  Arizona,  and 
southeastern  New  Mexico,  and  east  to  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  and 
western  Nebraska ;  winters  from  the  valleys  of  California  (casually  southern 
British  Columbia)  and  the  Rio  Grande  to  Guatemala;  accidental  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Massachusetts. 

b.  Dendroica    auduboni    nigrifrons    BREWSTER.     Black-fronted    Warbler. 

[656a.] 

Dendroica  nigrifrons  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VI,  April,  1889.  94.  (Separates 
publ.  Jan.  31.)  (Finos  Altos,  Chihuahua,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Arizona  and  northern  Mexico.  Breeds  in  the  Chiricahua  and  Hua- 
chuca  mountains,  Arizona,  and  south  through  the  mountains  of  Chihuahua 
and  Durango,  Mexico. 

Dendroica  magnolia  (WILSON).     Magnolia  Warbler.     [657.] 

Sylvia  magnolia  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  63,  pi.  23,  fig.  2.  (Little 
Miami,  near  its  junction  with  the  Ohio;  in  magnolias  near  Fort  Adams, 
on  the  Mississippi;  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
upper  Transition  zones  from  southwestern  Mackenzie  (casually  Great 
Bear  Lake),  southern  Keewatin,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland 
south  to  central  Alberta,  southern  Saskatchewan,  Minnesota,  northern 
Michigan,  and  northern  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  mountains  of  West 


314  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

Virginia,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  York;  winters  from 
southern  Mexico  (Puebla  and  Chiapas)  to  Panama,  and  also  rarely  in 
Haiti  and  Porto  Rico ;  in  migration  west  to  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains; casual  in  California,  British  Columbia,  the  Bahamas,  and  Cuba. 

Dendroica  cerulea  (WILSON).    Cerulean  Warbler.    [658.] 

Sylvia  cendea  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  141,  pi.  17,  fig.  5.     (Penn- 
sylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  mainly  in  Austral  zones  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  south- 
eastern Minnesota,  southern  Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  western 
New  York,  western  Pennsylvania,  and  West  Virginia  south  to  north- 
eastern Texas,  Louisiana,  and  central  Alabama,  and  locally  in  western 
North  Carolina,  western  Virginia,  eastern  Maryland,  and  central 
Delaware;  winters  from  Panama  to  Peru;  in  migration  straggles  to 
New  Mexico,  Colorado,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  and 
eastern  Pennsylvania ;  casual  in  Cuba  and  the  Bahamas. 

Dendroica  pensylvanica  (LINNAEUS).     Chestnut-sided  Warbler.    [659.] 

MotaciUa  pensylvanica  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  333.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  Tran- 
sition Zone  from  central  Saskatchewan,  northwestern  Manitoba, 
central  Ontario,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  eastern  Nebraska, 
Illinois,  Indiana,  northern  Ohio,  northern  New  Jersey,  and  Rhode 
Island,  and  south  in  the  Alleghenies  to  Tennessee  and  South  Caro- 
lina, and  casually  in  southern  Missouri  and  the  Wabash  Valley; 
winters  from  Guatemala  to  Panama;  in  migration  casual  in  Florida, 
the  Bahamas,  and  southern  Mexico. 

Dendroica  castanea  (WILSON).     Bay-breasted  Warbler.    [660.] 

Sylvia  castanea  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  97,  pi.  14,  fig.  4.     (Penn- 
sylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from  northeastern  Alberta,  southern  Kee- 
watin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  Mani- 
toba, northern  Maine,  and  mountains  of  New  Hampshire;  winters  in 


ORDER   PASSERES.  315 

Panama  and  Colombia;  casual  in  migration  to  Montana,  South 
Dakota,  and  Texas;  irregular  on  the  Atlantic  slope  and  rare  south  of 
Virginia;  regular  in  migration  from  Guatemala  to  Panama. 

Dendroica  striata  (J.  R.  FORSTER).     Black-poll  Warbler.    [661.] 

Muscicapa  striata  FORSTER,  Philos.  Trans.,  LXII,  1772,  406,  428.     (Fort 
Severn,  west  coast  of  Hudson  Bay.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and 
Canadian  zones  from  limit  of  trees  in  northwestern  Alaska,  northern 
Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  northern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland 
south  to  central  British  Columbia,  Manitoba,  Michigan,  northern 
Maine,  and  mountains  of  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire;  winters 
from  Guiana  and  Venezuela  to  Brazil;  migrates  through  the  Bahamas 
and  West  Indies;  casual  in  New  Mexico,  Mexico,  Chile,  and  Ecuador; 
accidental  in  Greenland. 

Dendroica  fusca  (MULLER).     Blackburnian  Warbler.    [662.] 

MotaciUa  fusca  MULLER,  Natursyst.  Suppl.,  1776,  175.     ("Guyane.") 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  lower  Canadian  and  upper  Transition  zones  from  Mani- 
toba, southern  Keewatin,  central  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton 
Island  to  central  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  northern  Michigan,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  Connecticut,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  from  Pennsylvania 
to  Georgia  and  South  Carolina;  winters  from  Colombia  to  central 
Peru  and  less  commonly  north  to  Yucatan;  in  migration  to  Nebraska, 
Texas,  and  Kansas,  straggling  to  Utah,  New  Mexico,  and  the  Bahamas. 

Dendroica  dominica  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States,  south  in  winter  to  the  West  Indies 
and  Central  America. 

a.    Dendroica    dominica    dominica    (LINNAEUS).    Yellow-throated    Warbler. 
[663.] 

Motacilla  dominica  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  334.     (Santo 
Domingo.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Austroriparian  Zone 
from  southern  Maryland  and  central  Delaware  to  middle  Florida;  winters  in 


316  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

southern  Florida,  Bahamas,  and  Greater  Antilles,  and  also  casually  north  to 
South  Carolina  and  in  the  Lesser  Antilles;  in  migration  casually  to  New  York, 
Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut. 

6.    Dendroica  dominica  albilora  RIDGWAY.     Sycamore  Warbler.     [663a.] 

Dendroica  dominica  var.  albilora  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VII,  Oct.,  1873, 
606.     (Belize,  British  Honduras.) 

RANGE. —  East  central  United  States  to  Central  America.  Breeds  in  Upper 
and  Lower  Austral  zones  of  Mississippi  Valley  from  southeastern  Nebraska, 
southern  Wisconsin,  southern  Michigan,  Ohio,  West  Virginia,  and  western 
North  Carolina  south  to  eastern  Texas  and  Louisiana;  winters  from  Puebla, 
Tepic,  and  Colima,  Mexico,  to  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  and  casually  in  the 
Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley;  in  migration  occasional  east  to  South  Carolina. 

Dendroica  gracise  BAIRD.     Grace's  Warbler.    [664.] 

Dendroica  grades,  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1865,  210.     (Fort  Whipple, 
Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition 
Zone  in  mountains  of  southern  Colorado,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
Sonora,  and  Chihuahua;  winters  in  Mexico  south  to  Tepic,  Jalisco, 
and  Michoacan;  casual  in  migration  to  central  Colorado  and  western 
Texas. 

Dendroica    nigrescens    (J.  K.    TOWNSEND).     Black-throated   Gray 
Warbler.    [665.] 

Sylvia  nigrescens  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1837, 
191.     (Near  Fort  William  [Portland],  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone 
from  southern  British  Columbia,  Nevada,  northern  Utah,  and  north- 
western Colorado  south  to  northern  Lower  California,  southern 
Arizona,  and  northern  New  Mexico;  winters  in  southern  Lower 
California,  and  in  Mexico  from  Durango  to  Michoacan,  Vera  Cruz, 
and  Oaxaca. 

Dendroica  chrysoparia  SCLATER  &  SALVIN.     Golden-cheeked  Warbler. 

[666.] 

Dendrceca  chrysoparia  SCLATER  &  SALVIN,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1860, 
298.     (Mountains  of  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  317 

RANGE. —  Texas  to  Guatemala.  Breeds  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone 
of  Texas  from  Tom  Green  to  Bosque  and  Bexar  counties;  winters  in 
the  highlands  of  southern  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

Dendroica  virens  (GMELIN).     Black-throated  Green  Warbler.    [667.] 
Motacitta  virens  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  985.     (Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Canadian  and  Transi- 
tion zones  from  west  central  and  northeastern  Alberta,  southern 
Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  northeastern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland 
south  to  southern  Minnesota,  southern  Wisconsin,  northern  Ohio, 
northern  New  Jersey,  Connecticut,  and  Long  Island,  New  York,  and 
in  the  Alleghenies  south  to  South  Carolina  and  Georgia;  in  migration 
west  to  eastern  Texas;  winters  in  Mexico  (Nuevo  Leon  to  Chiapas 
and  Yucatan),  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama;  occasional  in 
West  Indies;  accidental  in  Arizona,  Greenland,  and  Europe. 

Dendroica  townsendi  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Townsend's  Warbler.   [668.] 

Sylvia  townsendi  "NUTTALL"  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
VII,  1837,  191.     (Near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  and  Transi- 
tion zones  from  Prince  William  Sound  and  the  upper  Yukon,  Alaska, 
south  to  Washington,  and  east  to  southwestern  Alberta  and  western 
Montana ;  winters  from  central  California  to  Guatemala ;  in  migration 
east  to  eastern  Wyoming,  eastern  Colorado,  and  western  Texas;  acci- 
dental in  Pennsylvania. 

Dendroica  occidentals  (J.  K  TOWNSEND).    Hermit  Warbler.    [669.] 

Sylvia  occidentalis  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1837, 
190.     (Near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  upper  Transition 
Zone  from  southern  British  Columbia  (chiefly  west  of  the  Cascades) 
to  southern  Sierra  Nevada  in  California;  in  migration  to  Nevada  and 
Arizona;  winters  in  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

Dendroica  kirtlandi  (BAIRD).     Kirtland's  Warbler.    [670.] 

Sylvicola  kirtlandii  BAIRD,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  1852,  217,  pi.  6. 
(Cleveland,  Ohio.) 


318  CHECK-LIST    OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  in 
Oscoda,  Crawford,  and  Roscommon  counties,  Michigan;  winters  in 
the  Bahamas  as  far  south  at  least  as  the  Caicos  Islands;  in  migration 
recorded  from  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Ontario,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Missouri,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida. 

Dendroica  vigors!  (AUDUBON).     Pine  Warbler.     [671.] 

Sylvia  vigor sii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  I,  1828,  pi.  30.     (About 
10  miles  west  of  Norristown,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Austral  zones  from  northern  Manitoba,  northern  Michigan,  southern 
Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  east  central 
Texas,  the  Gulf  States,  and  Florida;  winters  from  southern  Illinois 
and  coast  of  Virginia  to  Florida,  eastern  Texas,  and  Tamaulipas,  and 
casually  north  to  Massachusetts;  occasional  in  Bermuda;  accidental 
in  British  Columbia. 

Dendroica  palmarum  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America,  north  to  Great  Bear  Lake, 
breeding  mainly  north  of  the  United  States;  south  in  winter  to  the 
Gulf  States  and  the  West  Indies. 

a.    Dendroica  palmarum  palmarum  (GMELIN).    Palm  Warbler.    [672.] 

Motacilla  palmarum  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  951.     (Santo  Dom- 
ingo.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from  south- 
ern Mackenzie  (Fort  Simpson)  and  central  Keewatin  south  and  southeast  to 
northern  Minnesota;  winters  from  southern  Florida  and  the  Bahamas  to  the 
Greater  Antilles  and  Yucatan;  occurs  in  migration  on  the  Atlantic  slope; 
accidental  in  California,  Montana,  and  Colorado. 

6.    Dendroica   palmarum   hypochtfsea   RIDGWAY.    Yellow   Palm   Warbler. 
[672o.] 

Dendrceca  palmarum  hypochrysea  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  I, 
Nov.,  1876,  85.     (Cambridge,  Mass.) 

RANGE. —  Atlantic  slope  of  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from 
Ontario,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  Nova  Scotia, 
New  Brunswick,  and  Maine;  winters  from  Louisiana  to  northern  Florida, 
casually  to  North  Carolina  and  Pennsylvania;  accidental  in  Ohio,  Cuba,  Ja- 
maica, and  Bermuda. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  319 

Dendroica  discolor  (VIEILLOT).     Prairie  Warbler.     [673.] 

Sylvia  discolor  VIEILLOT.  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  II,  1807  (1809?),  37,  pi.  98. 
(Eastern  United  States  or  Greater  Antilles.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  and  West  Indies.  Breeds  chiefly 
in  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian  zones  from  southeastern  Nebraska, 
eastern  Kansas,  southern  Ohio,  southwestern  Pennsylvania,  southern 
New  Jersey,  and  (along  the  coast)  from  Massachusetts  south  to  south- 
western Missouri,  northern  Mississippi,  northwestern  Georgia,  Florida, 
and  the  Bahamas,  and  north  locally  to  central  Michigan,  southern 
Ontario,  and  New  Hampshire;  breeds  rarely  and  locally  in  the  Gulf 
States;  winters  from  central  Florida  through  the  Bahamas  and  the 
West  Indies. 

GENUS  SEIURUS  SWAINSON. 

Seiurus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,  1827,  369.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Motacitta  aurocapilla  LINNAEUS  (Swainson,  1827). 

Seiurus  aurocapillus  (LINNAEUS).     Oven-bird.    [674.] 

Motacilla.  aurocapilla  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  334.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  southwestern  Mackenzie  (casually  the  lower 
Yukon  Valley),  northern  Ontario,  southern  Ungava,  and  Newfound- 
land south  to  central  Alberta,  Colorado,  Kansas,  southern  Missouri, 
Ohio  Valley,  Virginia,  in  mountains  to  Georgia  and  South  Carolina, 
and  east  to  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Virginia;  winters 
from  central  Florida  (casually  South  Carolina)  and  islands  on  the 
Louisiana  coast  through  the  Bahamas  and  West  Indies  to  St.  Thomas, 
and  from  Nuevo  Leon  to  Colombia;  casual  at  Mazatlan,  Sinaloa. 

Seiurus  noveboracensis  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  mainly  north  of  the  United 
States;  south  in  winter  to  northern  South  America. 

a.     Seiurus  noveboracensis  noveboracensis  (GMELIN).     Water- Thrush.     [675.] 

Motacilla  noveboracensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  958.     (Louisiana 
and  New  York.) 


320  CHECK-LIST   OF   NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
chiefly  in  Canadian  Zone  from  northern  Ontario,  northern  Ungava,  and  New- 
foundland south  to  central  Ontario,  northwestern  New  York,  and  northern 
New  England  (casually  southern  New  England),  and  in  mountains  south 
to  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia;  winters  from  the  Valley  of  Mexico  to 
Colombia  and  British  Guiana,  and  from  the  Bahamas  throughout  the  West 
Indies. 

6.    Seiurus   noveboracensis   notabilis    RIDGWAY.    GrinnelPs   Water-Thrash. 
[675a.] 

Seiurus  ncevius  notabilis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Ill,  1880,  12. 
(Shores  of  Como  Lake,  Carbon  Co.,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
chiefly  in  Boreal  zones  from  limit  of  trees  in  northwestern  Alaska,  northern 
Yukon,  northwestern  and  central  Mackenzie,  and  central  Keewatin  south  to 
southern  British  Columbia,  central  Montana,  northwestern  Nebraska,  north- 
ern Minnesota,  and  northwestern  Michigan;  winters  in  Cuba  and  the  Baha- 
mas and  from  Mexico  to  northern  South  America;  migrates  throughout 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  South  Carolina 
southward;  casual  at  East  Cape,  Siberia,  and  in  California  and  New  Jersey. 

Seiurus  motacilla  (VIEILLOT).    Louisiana  Water-Thrash.    [676.] 

Turdus  motacilla  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  II,  1807  (1808?),  9,  pi.  65. 
(Kentucky.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  to  South  America.  Breeds  mainly 
in  Carolinian  Zone  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  southeastern  Minne- 
sota, and  the  southern  parts  of  Michigan,  Ontario,  New  York,  and 
New  England  south  to  northeastern  Texas,  northern  Georgia,  and 
central  South  Carolina;  winters  from  northern  Mexico  to  Colombia, 
the  Greater  Antilles,  Antigua,  and  the  Bahamas;  accidental  in 
California. 


GENUS  OPORORNIS  BAIRD. 


Oporornis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  246.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Sylvia  agilis  WILSON. 

Oporornis  formosus  (WILSON).     Kentucky  Warbler.     [677.] 

Sylvia  formosa  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  85,  pi.  25,  fig.  3.     (Ken- 
tucky.) 


ORDER   PASSERES.  321 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  to  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Carolinian  and  Austro riparian  zones  from  southeastern 
Nebraska,  southern  Wisconsin,  southeastern  and  southwestern 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  Hudson  Valley  south  to  eastern  Texas, 
Louisiana,  Alabama,  and  northern  Georgia;  winters  from  Tabasco, 
Campeche,  and  Chiapas  through  Central  America  to  Colombia; 
accidental  in  Vermont  and  Cuba. 

Oporornis   agilis   (WILSON).     Connecticut  Warbler.    [678.] 

Sylvia  agilis  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  V,  1812,  64,  pi.  39,  fig.  4.     (Connecti- 
cut or  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone 
from  Manitoba  to  central  Minnesota  and  northern  Michigan;  winters 
in  South  America,  probably  in  Colombia  and  Brazil;  migrates  through 
Florida  and  the  Bahamas;  in  spring  rare  east  of  the  Alleghenies  but 
common  in  the  Mississippi, Valley;  in  autumn  rare  in  the  Mississippi 
Valley  but  common  east  of  the  Alleghenies ;  casual  northeast  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  in  Ontario. 

Oporornis  Philadelphia  (WILSON).     Mourning  Warbler.    [679.] 

Sylvia  Philadelphia  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  II,  1810,  101,  pi.  14,  fig.  6. 
(Near  Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  lower  Canadian  Zone  from  east  central  Alberta,  southern 
Saskatchewan,  southwestern  Keewatin,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Magdalen 
Islands  south  to  central  Minnesota,  Michigan,  central  Ontario,  and 
mountains  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts,  and  West 
Virginia;  winters  from  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  to  Colombia  and 
Ecuador;  in  migration  from  eastern  Texas  to  the  Alleghenies;  rare 
east  of  the  Alleghenies  and  from  North  Carolina  west  to  Mississippi. 

Oporornis  tolmiei  (J.  K  TOWNSEND).     Macgillivray's  Warbler.    [680.] 

Sylvia  tolmiei  TOWNSEND,  Narr.  Journ.  Rocky  Mts.,  April,  1839,  343. 
(Columbia  River,  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  lower 
Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  central  British  Columbia, 
central  Alberta,  and  southern  Saskatchewan  south  to  southern  Cali- 


322  CHECK-LIST    OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

fornia,  southern  Arizona,  and  northern  New  Mexico,  and  from  the 
Pacific  coast  to  the  eastern  foothills  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  south- 
western South  Dakota;  winters  from  Lower  California  to  Colombia; 
casual  east  in  migration  to  North  Dakota,  Nebraska,  and  central 
Texas. 

GENUS  GEOTHLYPIS  CABANIS. 


Geothlypis  CABANIS,  Archiv  fur  Naturg.,  1847,  I,  316,  349.     Substitute 
for  Trichas  SWAINSON.     Type,  by  tautonymy  Turdus  trichas  LINN^US. 

Gedthlypis  trichas  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  south  in  winter  to  the  West  Indies  and 
Central  America. 

a.    Geothlypis  trichas  trichas  (LINNAEUS).    Maryland  Yellow-throat.    [681.] 
Turdus  trichas  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  293.     ("Carolina.") 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  North  Dakota,  northern  Minnesota,  northern 
Ontario,  and  southern  Labrador  south  to  central  Texas,  northern  parts  of 
the  Gulf  States,  and  Virginia;  winters  from  North  Carolina  and  Louisiana 
to  Florida,  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Guatemala,  and  Costa  Rica. 

6.    Geothlypis    trichas     occidentals     BREWSTER.     Western    Yellow-throat. 
[681a.] 

Geothlypis  trichas  occidentalis  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VIII, 
July,  1883,  159.     (Truckee  River,  Nevada.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  and 
Sonoran  zones  from  central  Alberta,  southern  Saskatchewan,  and  South 
Dakota  to  southeastern  California,  northeastern  Lower  California,  Chihuahua, 
and  western  Texas ;  winters  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  Tepic. 

c.    Geothlypis  trichas  ignota  CHAPMAN.    Florida  Yellow-throat.    [6816.] 

Geothlypis  trichas  ignota  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  VII,  Jan.,  1890,  11.     (Tarpon 
Springs,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian  Zone 
from  the  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia,  south  to  Florida  and  along  the  Gulf  coast 
at  least  to  Louisiana;  winters  from  the  coast  of  South  Carolina  to  southeastern 
Texas  and  Cuba. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  323 

d.  Geothlypis  trichas  arizela   OBERHOLSER.     Pacific  Yellow-throat.     [681  c.] 

Geothlypis  trichas  arizela  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XVI,  July,  1899,  257.     (Fort 
Steilacoom,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Sonoran  zones 
from  southern  British  Columbia  to  southern  California  and  east  to  Fort 
Klamath,  Oregon;  winters  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas. 

e.  Geothlypis  trichas  sinuosa  GRINNELL.     Salt  Marsh  Yellow-throat.     [68  le.] 

Geothlypis  trichas  sinuosa  GRINNELL,  Condor,  III,  May,  1901,  65.     (Palo 
Alto,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  in  salt  marshes  about  San  Francisco  Bay, 
California  (in  Marin,  Contra  Costa,  Alameda,  and  Santa  Clara  counties). 

Geothlypis  beldingi  RIDGWAY.     Belding's  Yellow-throat.    [682.] 

Geothlypis  beldingi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882,  344.     (San 
Jose  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower 
California. 


GENUS  CHAMJETHLYPIS  RIDGWAY. 

Chamcethlypis  RIDGWAY,  Manual  N.   A.   Birds,    1887,   525.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Geothlypis  poliocephala  BAIRD. 

Chamsethlypis    poliocephala    (BAIRD).     Rio    Grande    Yellow-throat. 

[682.1.] 

Geothlypis  poliocephala  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1865,  225.     (Maz- 
atlan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley, 
and  northern  and  central  Mexico  south  to  Sinaloa,  Michoacan,  and 
Morelos. 


GENUS  IGTERIA  VIEILLOT. 

Icteria  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  I,  1807,  iv,  85.  Type,  by  monotypy, 
Icteria  dumicola  VIEILLOT  =  Muscicapa  viridis  GMELIN  =  Turdus 
virens  LINNAEUS. 


324  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

IctSria  virens  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  United  States,  south  in  winter  to  Mexico  and  Central 
America. 

a.  Icteria  virens  virens  (LINNAEUS).     Yellow-breasted  Chat.     [683.] 

Turdus  virens  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  171.  (Carolina,  200 
or  300  miles  from  the  sea.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Upper  and  Lower 
Austral  zones  from  southern  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Ontario,  central 
New  York,  and  southern  New  England  south  to  southeastern  Texas,  southern 
parts  of  Gulf  States,  and  northern  Florida;  winters  from  Puebla,  Vera  Cruz, 
and  Yucatan  to  Costa  Rica;  casual  in  Maine. 

b.  Icteria  virens  longicauda  LAWRENCE.     Long-tailed  Chat.    [683a.] 

Icteria  longicauda  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  VI,  1853,  4.  (Cali- 
fornia, probably  near  Sacramento  or  Stockton.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States.  Breeds  in  lower  Transition  and 
Sonoran  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  central  Montana  and  North 
Dakota  south  to  Jalisco,  Guanajuato,  and  Mexico,  and  east  to  central 
Nebraska;  winters  on  the  tableland  and  west  coast  of  Mexico  from  Chihuahua 
to  Oaxaca. 

GENUS  WILSONIA  BONAPARTE. 

Wilsonia  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List.,  1838,  23.  Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Motacilla  mitrata  GMELIN  =  Muscicapa  citrina  BODDAERT 
(A.  O.  U.  Committee,  1899). 

Wilsonia  citrina  (BODDAERT).     Hooded  Warbler.     [684.] 

Muscicapa  citrina  BODDAERT,  Table  PI.  Enl.,  1783,  41.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Carolinian  and 
Austroriparian  zones  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  southern  Iowa, 
southwestern  Michigan,  central  New  York,  and  the  lower  Connecticut 
Valley  south  to  Louisiana,  Alabama,  and  Georgia;  winters  from  Vera 
Cruz  and  Yucatan  to  Panama;  occasional  in  the  Bahamas,  Cuba, 
and  Jamaica;  casual  north  to  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Ontario,  and 
Massachusetts. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  325 

Wilsonia  pusilla  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  almost  wholly  north  of  the 
United  States,  except  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  near  the 
Pacific  coast;  winters  in  Mexico  and  Central  America. 

a.    Wilsonia  pusilla  pusilla  (WILSON).    Wilson's  Warbler.     [685.] 

Muscicapa  pusilla  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  Ill,  1811,  103,  pi.  26,  fig.  4. 
(Southern  States,  and  lower  New  Jersey  and  Delaware.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  tree  limit 
in  northwestern  and  central  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  central  Ungava, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  Saskatchewan,  northern  Minnesota, 
central  Ontario,  New  Hampshire,  Maine,  and  Nova  Scotia;  winters  in  eastern 
Central  America  from  Guatemala  to  Costa  Rica  and  occasionally  north  to 
Michoacan;  migrates  mainly  along  the  Alleghenies;  practically  unknown  in 
the  Austroriparian  Zone  from  Virginia  to  Louisiana. 

6.    Wilsonia  pusilla  pileolata  (PALLAS).    Pileolated  Warbler.    [685a.] 

Motacilla  pileolata  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso- Asiatica,  I,  1826  (1811?),  497. 
(Kadiak,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  northern 
Alaska  south  through  eastern  Oregon  and  eastern  California  to  mountains  of 
New  Merxico  and  western  Texas,  and  on  the  Pacific  coast  south  and  west  to 
Queen  Charlotte  Islands;  winters  from  Durango  and  Nuevo  Leon  to  Panama; 
casual  in  Minnesota  and  Missouri. 

c.    Wilsonia  pusilla  chryse*ola  RIDGWAY.    Golden  Pileolated  Warbler.    [6856.] 

Wilsonia  pusilla  chryseola  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Pt.  2, 
1902,  714.     (Red  Bluff,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  on  the  coastal  slope  from  southern  British 
Columbia  to  southern  California;  winters  in  Chihuahua,  Sonora,  and  Lower 
California;  casual  in  migration  in  eastern  Oregon  and  Arizona. 

Wilsonia  canadensis  (LiNN^us).     Canada  Warbler.     [686.] 

Muscicapa  canadensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  327.     (Can- 
ada.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  the  Canadian  Zone 
and  casually  in  the  Transition  from  central  Alberta,  southern  Keewa- 
tin, northern  Ontario,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to 


326  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

central  Minnesota,  central  Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  central  New 
York,  and  Massachusetts,  and  along  the  Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina 
and  Tennessee;  winters  in  Ecuador  and  Peru  and  casually  in  Guate- 
mala; in  migration  to  eastern  Mexico  (Puebla  and  Tamaulipas); 
casual  in  Colorado. 


GENUS  SETOPHAGA  SWAINSON. 

Setophaga  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,  1827,  368.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Motacilla  rutitilla  LINNAEUS  (Swainson,  1827). 

Setophaga  ruticffla  (LiNN^us).    Redstart.    [687.] 

MotaciUa  ruticilla  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  186.     (Virginia.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
in  Canadian,  Transition,  and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  central 
British  Columbia,  west  central  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin, 
northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  to  Washington,  northern  Utah, 
Colorado,  central  Oklahoma,  Arkansas,  and  North  Carolina;  rarely 
breeds  in  the  southeastern  United  States  south  of  latitude  35°; 
casual  in  migration  in  Oregon,  California,  Lower  California,  Arizona 
and  northern  Ungava;  winters  in  the  West  Indies  and  from  central 
Mexico  (Puebla)  to  Ecuador  and  British  Guiana. 

Setophaga  picta  SWAINSON.     Painted  Redstart.    [688.] 

Setophaga  picta  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illustr.,  ser.  2,  I,  1829,  pi.  3.     (Real  del 
Monte,  Hidalgo,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Mainly  in  Transition  Zone  in  mountains  of  central 
Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  Coahuila,  and  Nuevo  Leon,  and 
south  over  the  Mexican  tableland  to  Vera  Cruz,  Hidalgo,  Guerrero, 
and  Oaxaca. 


GENUS  CARDELLINA  Du  Bus. 

Cardellina  Du  Bus,  Esquisses  Orn.,  1849,  pi.  25.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Cardellina  amicta  Du  Bus  =  Muscicapa  rubrifrons  GIRAUD. 


OKDER   PASSERES.  327 

Cardellina  rubrifrons  (GIRAUD).     Red-faced  Warbler.    [690.] 

Muscicapa  rvbrifrons  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Sp.  Texas  Birds,  1841,  [27],  pi. 
7,  fig.  1.     ("Texas.") 

RANGE. —  Mainly  in  Transition  Zone  in  mountains  of  southern 
Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico  and  south  through  Mexico  to 
the  highlands  of  Guatemala. 


FAMILY  MOTACILLIDJE.    WAGTAILS. 

[GENUS  MOTACILLA  LINN^US. 

Motadlla  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  184.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Motadlla  alba  LINNJEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Motacffla  alba  LINN^US.    White  Wagtail.    [694.] 

Motadlla  alba  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  185.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. — Eastern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  Siberia  to  the  British 
Isles  and  from  the  Arctic  coast  to  Persia  and  Asia  Minor;  winters  in 
northern  Africa;  accidental  in  northern  Ungava  and  Greenland. 

Motacilla  ocularis  SWINHOE.    Swinhoe's  Wagtail.    [695.] 

Motacitta  ocularis  SWINHOE,  Ibis,  Jan.,   1860,   55.     (Amoy,  China.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  Asia.  Breeds  in  eastern  Siberia;  winters  south 
to  southern  China,  straggling  to  western  Alaska  (Attu  Island,  Aleutian 
chain,  and  mouth  of  Yukon) ;  accidental  in  Lower  California.] 


GENUS  BUDYTES  CUVIER. 

Budytes  CUVIER,  Regne  Animal,  I,  1817,  371.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Motacitta  flava  LINNAEUS. 

Budytes  flavus  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Europe,  Asia,  and  western  Alaska,  wintering  in  Africa, 
India,  and  the  Malay  Archipelago. 


328  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.     [Budytes  flavus  flavus.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Budytes  flavus  alascSnsis  RIDGWAY.    Alaska  Yellow  Wagtail.    [696.] 

Budytes  flavus  alascensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI,  Sept.  30, 
1903,  105.     (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Arctic  Zone  in  western  Alaska  from  Point  Barrow 
and  Kotzebue  Sound  to  Nushagak  River;  migrates  through  western  Aleutian 
Islands  to  eastern  Asia. 


GENUS  ANTHUS  BECHSTEIN. 

Anthus  BECHSTEIN,  Gemein.  Naturg.  Deutschl.,  Ill,  1807,  704.  Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Anthus  aquations  BECHSTEIN  =  Alauda  spinoletta 
LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

SUBGENUS  ANTHUS. 

Anthus  rubSscens  (TUNSTALL).     Pipit.    [697.] 

Alauda  rubescens  TUNSTALL,  Orn.  Brifcannica,  1771,  2.     (Pennsylvania.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Arctic  Zone  from  northeastern  Siberia,  northern 
Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  latitude  68°  on  west  coast  of  Davis 
Strait,  and  latitude  70°  on  west  coast  of  Greenland  south  to  Great 
Slave  Lake,  central  Keewatin,  northern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland, 
and  from  the  Aleutian  Islands  to  Prince  William  Sound,  and  on  high 
mountains  south  to  California,  Colorado,  and  New  Mexico;  winters 
from  southern  California  and  the  Ohio  and  lower  Delaware  valleys  to 
the  Gulf  coast  and  Guatemala;  casual  in  Bermuda;  accidental  in 
Helgoland. 

[Anthus  pratSnsis  (LINNJSUS).     Meadow  Pipit.    [698.] 

Alauda  pratensis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  166.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  over  the  greater  part  of  Europe;  winters  in  north- 
ern Africa;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 


ORDER   PASSERES.  329 

[Anthus  cervinus  (PALLAS).     Red-throated  Pipit.     [699.] 

Motacttla  cervina  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso- Asiatics ,  I,    1826  (1811?),  511. 
(Kamchatka  and  adjacent  islands.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  on  the  tundras  of  northern  Siberia  and  locally  in 
northern  Europe;  winters  southward  to  southern  China,  Egypt,  and 
Abyssinia;  accidental  in  western  Alaska  (St.  Michael),  Aleutian 
Islands,  and  Lower  California.] 


SUBGENUS  NEOCOR7S  SCLATER. 

Neocorys  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1857,  5.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Alauda  spragueii  AUDUBON. 

Anthus  spraguei  (AUDUBON).    Sprague's  Pipit.    [700.] 

Alauda  spragueii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  VII,  1844,  334,  pi.  486.     (Old 
Fort  Union,  western  North  Dakota.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  plains  of  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition 
Zone  from  southwestern  Saskatchewan  and  southern  Manitoba  south 
to  western  Montana  and  North  Dakota;  winters  from  Texas,  southern 
Louisiana,  and  southern  Mississippi  through  eastern  and  central 
Mexico  to  Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  and  Michoacan;  casual  in  Georgia  and 
South  Carolina. 


FAMILY  CINCLID.fi.    DIPPERS. 
GENUS  CINCLUS  BORKHAUSEN. 

Cinclus  BORKHAUSEN,  Deutsche  Fauna,  1797,  300.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Cindus  hydrophUus  BORKHAUSEN  =  Sturnus  dnclus  LINNAEUS. 

Cinclus  mexicanus  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  western  North  America  from  Alaska  to 
western  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 


330  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

a.    [Cinclus  mexicanus  mexicanus.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Cinclus  mexicanus  unlcolor  BONAPARTE.    Dipper.    [701.] 

Cinclus  unicolor  BONAPARTE,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1827,  52,  53.     ("Atha- 
pescow  Lake,"  probably  near  the  source  of  the  Athabaska  River.) 

RANGE. —  Hudsonian,  Canadian,  and  Transition  zones  in  mountains  of 
western  North  America  from  near  tree  limit  in  northwestern  Alaska,  north- 
eastern British  Columbia,  and  west  central  Alberta  south  to  northern  Lower 
California  and  southern  New  Mexico;  accidental  in  the  Black  Hills,  South 
Dakota,  and  in  western  Nebraska. 


FAMILY  MIMIDJE.    THRASHERS,  MOCKINGBIRDS,  ETC. 
GENUS  OREOSCOPTES  BAIRD. 

Oreoscoptes  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  xix,  xxxv, 
346.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Orpheus  montanus  TOWNSEND. 

Oreosc6ptes  montanus  (J.  K  TOWNSEND).    Sage  Thrasher.    [702.] 

Orpheus  montanus  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1837, 
192.     (Sandy  Creek,  Lat.  42°  N.,  Long.  109°  3(X  W.,  Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Arid  sagebrush  plains  and  foothills  of  western  United 
States.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  from  south- 
ern British  Columbia,  central  Montana,  and  western  Nebraska  south 
to  east  central  California  and  northern  New  Mexico;  winters  from 
southern  California  and  mountains  of  central  Texas  to  northern  Mexico 
(Chihuahua  and  Tamaulipas),  and  Cape  San  Lucas,  and  casually  to 
Guadalupe  Island. 


GENUS  MIMUS  BOIE. 

Mimus  BOIE,  Isis,  XIX,  1826,  972.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Turdus  poly- 
glottos  LINN.EUS. 


Mimus  polyglottos  ( 
RANGE.  —  United  States  south  to  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  331 

a.  Mimus  polyglottos  polyglottos  (LINN^US).    Mockingbird.     [703.] 

Turdus  polyglottos  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  169.     (Virginia.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States,  chiefly  in  Austral  zones,  from  eastern 
Nebraska,  southern  Iowa,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Maryland  south  to  east- 
ern Texas,  southern  Florida,  and  the  Bahamas,  and  sparingly  to  New  York 
and  Massachusetts;  accidental  in  Wisconsin,  Ontario,  Maine,  and  Nova 
Scotia;  introduced  in  Bermuda. 

b.  Mimus  polyglottos  leucopterus  (VIGORS).    Western  Mockingbird.    [703a.] 

Orpheus  leucopterus  VIGORS,  in  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  1839,  17.     (West 
coast  of  America  [California  or  Mexico].) 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico.  Breeds  chiefly  in 
Sonoran  zones  from  central  California,  southern  Wyoming,  northwestern 
Nebraska,  and  western  Kansas  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Jalisco,  Oaxaca, 
and  Vera  Cruz,  and  on  Tres  Marias  and  Santa  Barbara  islands;  accidental 
on  Guadalupe  Island. 


GENUS  DUMETELLA  S.  D.  W. 

Dumeiella  S.  D.  W.,  Analyst,  V,  1837,  206.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Turdus 
felivox  VIEILLOT  =  Musdcapa  carolinensis  LINNAEUS. 

Dnmetella  carolinensis  (LiNN^us).     Catbird.     [704.] 

Muscicapa  carolinensis  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  328.     (Vir- 
ginia or  Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition 
and  Austral  zones  from  central  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta, 
central  Saskatchewan,  southern  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  southern 
Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia  south  to  northeastern  Oregon,  northern 
Utah,  northeastern  New  Mexico,  eastern  Texas,  and  northern  Florida; 
resident  in  Bermuda;  winters  from  southern  States  to  the  Bahamas 
and  Cuba  and  through  Mexico  to  Panama;  casual  in  winter  north  to 
the  Middle  States;  accidental  on  the  Farallon  Islands  and  in  Europe. 


332  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  TOXOSTOMA  WAGLER. 

Toxostoma  WAGLER,  Isis,  XXIV,  1831,  528.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Toxos- 
toma vetula  WAGLER  =  Orpheus  curvirostris  SWAINSON. 

Tox6stoma  rafum  (LiNN^us).     Brown  Thrasher.    [705.] 

Turdus  rufus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  169.     (Virginia  or 
Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition 
and  Austral  zones  from  southern  Alberta,  southern  Manitoba,  north- 
ern Michigan,  southern  Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  northern 
Maine  south  to  eastern  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  and  north- 
ern Florida,  and  from  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Montana, 
Wyoming,  and  Colorado  eastward;  winters  from  southeastern  Mis- 
souri and  North  Carolina  to  south  central  Texas,  southern  Florida, 
and  casually  further  north;  accidental  in  Arizona  and  Europe. 

Toxostoma  Iongir6stre  (LAFRESNAYE). 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  and  the  Gulf  coast  of  Texas 
south  through  eastern  Mexico. 

a.  [Toxostoma  longirostre  longirostre.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Tozostoma  longirostre  sennetti  (RIDGWAY).    Bennett's  Thrasher.    [706.] 

Harporhynchus  longiroslris  sennetti  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  X, 
1888,  506.     (Lomita,  near  Hidalgo,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  and  upper  Tropical  zones  from  the  Lower  Rio 
Grande  Valley  and  Gulf  coast  of  Texas  (Corpus  Christi)  south  to  central 
Nuevo  Leon,  Tamaulipas,  Coahuila,  and  San  Luis  Potosi ;  occasionally  north 
to  Galveston. 

Toxostoma  curvirostre  (SWAINSON). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.     Toxostoma  curvirostre  curvirostre  (SWAINSON).     Curve-billed  Thrasher. 
[707.] 

Orpheus  curvirostris  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,  1827,  369. 
("Table  land"  of  Mexico;  probably  near  Temascaltepec.) 


ORDER   TASSERES.  333 

RANGE. —  Sonoran  and  arid  Tropical  zones  from  southeastern  New  Mexico, 
Rio  Grande  Valley,  and  southern  Gulf  coast  of  Texas  south  to  Colima,  Michoa- 
can,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  Puebla,  and  Vera  Cruz. 

6.    Tozostoma  curvirostre  palmeri  (CouEs).    Palmer's  Thrasher.    [707a.] 

Harporhynchus  curvirostris  var  palmeri  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  1872, 
351.     (Tucson,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  west  central  Arizona  and  southwest- 
ern New  Mexico  south  to  Sonora  and  northern  Chihuahua. 

Toxostoma  bendirei  (COUES).     Bendire's  Thrasher.     [708.] 

Harporhynchus  bendirei  COUES,  Amer.  Nat.,  VII,  1873,  330.     (Tucson, 
Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  deserts  of  the  Southwest.  Breeds  in 
southeastern  California,  southern  Arizona,  and  northern  Sonora; 
winters  south  to  northern  Sinaloa;  accidental  in  Colorado. 

Toxostoma  cinereum  (XANTUS). 
RANGE. —  Lower  California. 

a.    Tozostoma  cinereum  cinereum  (XANTUS).    San  Lucas  Thrasher.    [709.] 

Harporhynchus  dnereus  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  298. 
(Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Lower  California,  breeding  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone 
south  of  latitude  28°. 

6.     Tozostoma  cinereum  medrnsi  (ANTHONY).    Mearns's  Thrasher.    [709a.] 

Harporhynchus  dnereus  mearnsi  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XII,  Jan.,   1895,  53. 
(San  Quintin,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California,  breeding  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  latitude 
31°  south  to  latitude  28°  (Santa  Rosalia  Bay). 


334  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


SUBGENUS  HARPORHYNCHUS  CABANIS. 

Harporhynchus  CABANIS,  Archiv  fiir  Naturg.,  1847,  i,  323.     Type,   by 
monotypy,  Harpes  rediviva  GAMBEL. 

Toxostoma  redivivum  (GAMBEL).     California  Thrasher.    [710.] 

Harpes  rediviva  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  II,  1845,  264. 
(Near  Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Foothills  and  valleys  of  California  west  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  breeding  in  Sonoran  zones  from  Shasta  County  south  to  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  and  San  Quintin,  Lower  California. 

Toxostoma  lecontei  LAWRENCE. 
RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States  and  Lower  California. 

a.  Toxostoma  lecontei  lecontei  LAWRENCE.    Leconte's  Thrasher.    [711.] 

Toxostoma  lecontei  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.  N.  Y.,  V,  1851,  121. 
(Fort  Yuma,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  deserts  of  southern  California,  southern  Nevada, 
southwestern  Utah,  and  south  to  San  Felipe  Bay,  Lower  California,  and  Cape 
Lobos,  Sonora. 

b.  Toxostoma  lecontei  arenicola  (ANTHONY).    Desert  Thrasher.    [71  la.] 

Harporhynchus  lecontei  arenicola  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XIV,  April,  1897,  167. 
(Rosalia  Bay,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  California  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  latitude  30°  to 
latitude  28°. 

Toxostoma  crissale  HENRY.     Crissal  Thrasher.     [712.] 

Toxostoma  crissalis  HENRY,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1858, 117.     (Fort 
Thorn,  Donna  Ana  Co.,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Deserts  of  southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico. 
Breeds  in  Sonoran  zones  from  southern  Nevada  and  southern  Utah 
south  to  northern  Lower  California,  Sonora,  and  Chihuahua,  and 
from  southeastern  California  to  western  Texas. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  335 

FAMILY  TROGLODYTID-ffl.     WRENS. 

GENUS  HELEODYTES  CABANIS. 

Heleodytes  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  80.     Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Furn- 
arius  griseus  SWAINSON  (Gray,  1855). 

Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  (LAFRESNAYE). 

RANGE. —  Southwestern  United  States,  Mexico,  and  Lower  Cali- 
fornia. 

a.    Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  brunneicapillus.    Extralimital.] 

6.    Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  coue"si  (SHARPE).    Cactus  Wren.    [713.] 

Campylorhynchus  couesi  SHARPE,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  VI,  1881,  196. 
(Laredo,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  deserts  from  southern  parts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  New  Mexico,  and  Texas  (San  Antonio)  south  to  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  the  northern  states  of  Mexico. 

c.  Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  bryanti  ANTHONY.    Bryant's  Cactus   Wren. 

[713a.] 

Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  bryanti  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XI,  July,  1894,  212. 
(San  Telmo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  southern  California  (San  Diego  County)  and 
northern  Lower  California  (San  Ignacio)  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone. 

d.  Heleodytes  brunneicapillus  affinis  (XANTUS).    San  Lucas  Cactus  Wren. 

[7136.] 

Campylorhynchus  affinis  XANTUS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,   1859, 
298.     (Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California  in  Lower  Sonoran  Zone. 


GENUS  SALPINGTES  CABANIS. 

Salpinctes  CABANIS,  Archiv  fur  Naturg.,  1847,  i,  313.     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Troglodytes  obsoleta  SAY  (Gray,  1855). 


336  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Salpinctes  obsoletus  (SAY). 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  Mexico  to  Guatemala. 

a.  Salpinctes  obsoletus  obsoletus  (SAY).    Bock  Wren.    [715.] 

Troglodytes  obsolete  SAY,  in  Long's  Exped.,  II,  1823,  4  (note).  (Northern 
part  of  Douglas  Co.,  Colorado,  near  junction  of  Plum  Creek  with  South 
Platte  River.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  and 
Sonoran  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  west  central  Alberta,  and 
southwestern  Saskatchewan  south  to  central  Sonora,  San  Luis  Potosi,  and 
Zacatecas,  and  from  the  Pacific,  including  the  Farallon,  Santa  Barbara  (ex- 
cept San  Nicolas),  and  Coronados  islands,  peninsula  of  Lower  California  and 
adjacent  islands,  east  to  western  North  Dakota,  central  Nebraska  (casually 
western  Iowa),  and  central  Texas;  winters  in  southern  part  of  its  United 
States  range  and  in  Mexico. 

b.  Salpinctes  obsoletus    pulve*rius    GRINNELL.      San    Nicolas    Rock  Wren. 

[716o.] 

Salpinctes  obsoletus  pulverius  GRINNELL,  Auk,  XV,  July,  1898,  238.  (San 
Nicolas  Island,  California.) 

RANGE. —  San  Nicolas  Island,  California. 

Salpinctes  guadeloupensis  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  Rock  Wren.    [716.] 

Salpinctes  obsoletus  guadeloupensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv. 
Terr.,  II,  No.  2,  1876,  185.  (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 


GENUS  GATHERPES  BAIRD. 

Catherpes  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  356.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Thryothorus  mexicanus  SWAINSON. 

Catherpes  mexicanus  (SWAINSON). 
RANGE. —  Arid  portions  of  western  United  States  and  Mexico. 


ORDER  PASSERES.  337 

a.     [Catherpes  mexicanus  mexicanus.     Extralimital.] 

6.    Catherpes  mexicanus  albifrons  (GIRAUD).    White-throated  Wren.    [717.] 

Certhia  albifrons  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Sp.  Texas  Birds,  1841,  [31],  pi.  viii. 
("Texas.") 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  of  southwestern  Texas,  near  mouth  of  Pecos 
River,  and  northern  part  of  Mexican  tableland  from  Nuevo  Leon  to  Zacatecas. 

c.  Catherpes  mexicanus  conspersus  RIDGWAY.    Caflon  Wren.    [71  la.} 

Catherpes  mexicanus  var.  conspersus  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VII,  Oct., 
1873,  603.     (Fort  Churchill,  Washoe  Mountains,  Nevada.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  of  Great  Basin  and  Rocky 
Mountain  region  from  eastern  California  (Mono  Lake),  Nevada,  and  south- 
eastern Colorado  south  to  Lower  California,  western  Texas,  Sonora,  and 
Chihuahua. 

d.  Catherpes  mexicanus  punctulatus  RIDGWAY.    Dotted  Canon  Wren.   [7176.] 

Catherpes  mexicanus  punctulatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V, 
1882,  343.     (Forest  Hill,  Placer  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  and  Lower  Sonoran  zones  of  southeastern  Washington 
(Snake  River  Canon),  Oregon,  and  west  central  Idaho  south  to  Kern  and 
Riverside  counties,  California. 


GENUS  THRYOTHORUS  VIEILLOT. 

Thryothorus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse,  1816,  45,  70.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.. 
Troglodytes  arundinaceus  VIEILLOT  (part)  =  Sylvia  ludoviciana  LATHAM 
(Baird,  1858). 

Thryothorus  ludovicianus  (LATHAM). 
RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States  and  northeastern  Mexico. 

a.    Thryothorus  ludovicianus  ludovicianus  (LATHAM).    Carolina  Wren.    [718.] 
Sylvia  ludoviciana  LATHAM,  Index  Orn.,  II,  1790,  548.     (Louisiana.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian 
zones  from  southeastern  Nebraska,  southern  Iowa,  Ohio,  southern  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  lower  Hudson  and  Connecticut  valleys  south  to  central  Texas  (west- 


338  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 

ern  Texas  in  winter),  Gulf  States,  and  northern  Florida;    casual  north   to 
Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Ontario,  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire,  and  Maine. 

6.     Thryothorus  ludovicianus  miamensis  RIDGWAY.    Florida  Wren.     [718a.] 

Thryothorus  ludovicianus  var.  miamensis  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  IX,  Aug., 
1875,  469.     (Miami,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Peninsula  of  Florida  from  the  Suwanee  River,  Gainesville,  and 
Palatka  south. 

c.    Thryothorus  ludovicianus  lomite"nsis  SENNETT.    Lomita  Wren.    [718&.] 

Thryothorus  ludovicianus  lomitensis  SENNETT,  Auk,  VII,  Jan.,  1890,  58. 
(Lomita  Ranch,  Hidalgo  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  and  northern  Tamaulipas  in 
Lower  Sonoran  Zone. 


GENUS  THRYOMANES  SCLATER. 

Thryomanes  SCLATER,  Cat.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  22.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Troglodytes  bewickii  AUDUBON  (Baird,  1858). 

Thryomanes  b£wicki  (AUDUBON). 
RANGE. —  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.  Thryomanes  bewicki  bewicki  (AUDUBON).    Bewick's  Wren.    [719.] 

Troglodytes  bewickii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.    (  folio),   I,   1827,   pi.   18. 
(Near  St.  Francisville,  Louisiana). 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Carolinian  Zone  from 
southeastern  Nebraska,  northern  Illinois,  southern  Michigan,  and  south  central 
Pennsylvania  south  to  central  Arkansas,  northern  Mississippi,  central  Alabama, 
and  along  the  Alleghenian  highlands  to  northern  South  Carolina;  winters  from 
near  the  northern  limit  of  its  range  southward  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  Florida; 
accidental  in  Ontario  and  New  Hampshire. 

b.  Thryomanes  bewicki  spilurus  (VIGORS).    Vigors's  Wren.    [719a.] 

Troglodytes  spilurus  VIGORS,  in  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  1839,  18,  pi.  4, 
fig.  1.     (Near  San  Francisco  or  Monterey,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  region  of  middle  California  from  Sonoma  County  to  Mon- 
terey. 


ORDEK   PASSERE8.  339 

c.  Thryomanes  bewicki  bairdi  (SALVIN  &  GODMAN).     Baird's  Wren.     [7196.] 

Thryolhorus  bairdi  SALVIN  &  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  I,  April, 
1880,  95.     (Oaxaca,  Mexico.) 

RANGE.  —  Southern  Great  Basin  region  and  Mexico.  Breeds  in  Sonoran 
zones  of  California  east  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  southern  Nevada,  southern 
Utah,  and  southeastern  Colorado  south  to  Sonora,  Durango,  and  Zacatecas. 

d.  Thryomanes  bewicki  cr^ptus  OBERHOLSER.     Texas  Wren.     [719c.] 

Thryomanes  bewickii  cry  plus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXI, 
1898,  425.     (San  Antonio,  Texas.) 

RANGE.  —  Southern  Plains  region.  Breeds  in  Sonoran  zones  from  Kansas 
and  Texas  (except  extreme  western  part)  south  to  Tamaulipas  and  Nuevo 
Leon. 

'  .     Thryomanes    bewicki    charienturus    OBERHOLSER.     San    Diego    Wren. 


Thryomanes  bewickii  charienturus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
XXI,  1898,  435.     (Nashoguero  Valley,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE.  —  Sonoran  zones  in  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys  and 
adjacent  foothills,  California,  north  to  Shasta  County,  and  the  coast  region  of 
southern  California  south  to  about  latitude  28°  in  Lower  California,  and 
on  Santa  Catalina  Island. 

/.     Thryomanes  bewicki  calophonus  OBERHOLSER.     Seattle  Wren.     [719e.] 

Thryomanes  beivickii  calophonus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
XXI,  1898,  440.     (South  Park,  King  Co.,  Washington.) 

RANGE.  —  Transition  Zone  of  the  Pacific  slope  from  southern  Vancouver 
Island  and  the  valley  of  Fraser  River,  southern  British  Columbia,  south 
to  Oregon. 

Thryomanes  leucophrys  (ANTHONY).    San  Clemente  Wren.    [719.1.] 

Thryothorus  leucophrys  ANTHONY,  Auk,  XII,  Jan.,  1895,  52.     (San  Clem- 
ente Island,  California.) 

RANGE.  —  San  Clemente  Island,  California. 


Thryomanes  brevicauda  RIDGWAY.     Guadalupe  Wren.    [720.] 

Thryomanes  brevicauda   RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  II, 
No.  2,  1876,  186.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  (probably  extinct). 


340  CHECK-LIST   OP  NORTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  TROGLODYTES  VIEILLOT. 

Troglodytes  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  II,  1807  (1809?),  52.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Troglodytes  aedon  VIEILLOT  (Baird,  1858). 

Trogl6dytes  aedon  (VIEILLOT). 

RANGE. —  United  States  and  southern  Canada;  Mexico  in  winter. 

a     Troglodytes  aSdon  aedon  VIEILLOT.    House  Wren.    [721.] 

Troglodytes  cedon   VIEILLOT,    Ois.   Amer.   Sept.,   II,    1807   (1809?),    52, 
pi.  107.     (Eastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  chiefly  in  Transition  and  Upper 
Austral  zones  from  eastern  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  central  Ontario,  southern 
Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  Kentucky  and  Virginia;  winters  in 
eastern  Texas  and  Tamaulipas,  and  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States. 

6.    Troglodytes  aedon  pdrkmani  AUDUBON.    Western  House  Wren.    [72 la.] 

Troglodytes  parkmanii  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  310.     (Columbia 
River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  northern  Alberta,  central 
Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains, 
Lower  California,  southern  Arizona,  southwestern  Texas,  southern  Missouri, 
and  southern  Illinois;  winters  from  California  and  Texas  southward  in 
Mexico  to  Jalisco,  Guerrero,  and  Oaxaca. 


GENUS  NANNUS  BILLBERG. 

Nannus  BILLBERG,  Synopsis  Faunae  Scand.,  I,  ii,  1828,  table  A,  &  p.  57. 
Type,   by  monotypy,  Motadlla  troglodytes  LINNAEUS. 

Nannus  hiemalis  (VIEILLOT). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  (except  in  mountains)  mainly 
north  of  the  United  States;  in  winter  south  to  the  Gulf  coast  and 
southern  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  341 

a.     Nannus  hiemalis  hiemalis  (VIEILLOT).     Winter  Wren.     [722.] 

Troglodytes  hiemalis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  XXXIV,  1819, 
514.     (Nova  Scotia  and  New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from 
central  Alberta,  southern  Manitoba,  northern  Ontario,  northern  Quebec,  and 
Newfoundland  south  to  central  Minnesota,  northern  Wisconsin,  central  Michi- 
gan, and  Massachusetts,  and  through  the  Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina; 
winters  from  about  its  southern  breeding  limit  to  Texas  and  northern 
Florida, 


b.    Nannus  hiemalis  pacificus  (BAIRD).    Western  Winter  Wren.    [722a.] 

Troglodytes  hyemalis  var.  pacificus  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864, 
145.     (Simiahmoo,  Puget  Sound,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  Prince  William  Sound, 
Alaska,  and  western  Alberta  south  to  central  California  and  northern  Colo- 
rado; winters  in  southern  British  Columbia  and  south  to  southern  California 
and  southern  New  Mexico. 


c.     Nannus  hiemalis  he*lleri  (OSGOOD).    Kadiak  Winter  Wren.    [7226.] 

Anorthura  hiemalis  hetteri  OSGOOD,  Auk,  XVIII,  April,  1901,  181.     (Kad- 
iak Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska. 

Nannus  alascensis  (BAIRD).     Alaska  Wren.    [723.] 

Troglodytes  alascensis  BAIRD,  Trans.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  ii,  1869,  315, 
pi.  xxx,  fig.  3.     (St.  George  Island,  Pribilof  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Saint  George  Island,  Pribilof  Islands,  eastern  Aleutian 
Islands,  and  western  part  of  Alaska  Peninsula. 

Nannus  meliger  (OBERHOLSER).     Aleutian  Wren.    [723.1.] 

Anorthura  meligera  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XVII,  Jan.,   1900,  25.     (Attu 
Island,  Aleutian  Islands.) 

RANGE. —  Western  Aleutian  Islands  (Attu,  Amchitka,  Atka,  and 

Kiska). 


342  CHECK-LIST   OF  NORTH   AMERICAN   BIRDS. 


GENUS  CISTOTHORUS  CABANIS. 

Cistothorus  CABANIS.  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  77  (note).     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  Troglodytes  stellaris  NAUMANN. 

Cistoth6rus  stellaris  (NAUMANN).    Short-billed  Marsh  Wren.     [724.] 

Troglodytes  stellaris  NAUMANN,  Vogel  Deutschl.,  Ill,  1823,  table  to  p.  724. 
(Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Upper  Austral  zones  from  southeastern  Saskatchewan,  southern 
Keewatin,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern  Maine  south  to  eastern 
Kansas,  central  Missouri,  central  Indiana,  and  northern  Delaware; 
winters  from  southern  Illinois  and  southern  New  Jersey  to  southern 
Texas,  Louisiana,  and  Florida;  accidental  in  Colorado. 


GENUS  TELMATODYTES  CABANIS. 

Telmatodytes  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  78  (note).     Type,  by  subs, 
desig.,  Certhia  palustris  WILSON  (Baird,  1858). 


Telmatddytes  palustris  (WILSON). 

RANGE. —  United  States  and  southern  Canada,  south  into  Mexico 
in  winter. 

a.     Telmatodytes   palustris  palustris   (WILSON).    Long-billed    Marsh  Wren. 
[725.] 

Certhia  palustns  WILSON,  Amer.  Ora.,  II,  1810,  58,  pi.  12,  fig.  4.     (Schuyl- 
kill  and  Delaware  rivers,  Pa.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  Austral 
zones  from  southern  Ontario  and  southern  Quebec  south  to  the  Potomac 
Valley  and  coast  of  Virginia;  winters  from  southern  New  Jersey  to  South 
Carolina  and  casually  to  Florida;  casual  in  New  Brunswick. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  343 

b.  Telmatodytes  palustris  paludicola  (BAIRD).     Tule  Wren.     [72 5a.] 

Cistothorus  palustris,  var.  paludicola  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864, 
148.     (Shoal water  Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  in  Transition  and  Upper  and  Lower 
Sonoran  zones  from  British  Columbia  to  southern  California;  winters  from 
Washington  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas  and  northwestern  Sonora. 

c.  Telmatodytes  palustris  griseus  (BREWSTER).    Worthington's  Marsh  Wren. 

[7256.] 

Cistothorus  palustris  griseus  BREWSTER,  Auk,  X,  July,  1893,  216.     (Sapelo 
Island,  Georgia.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Austral  Zone  in  the  South  Atlantic  coast  region  from 
South  Carolina  to  northern  Florida. 

d.  Telmatodytes  palustris  plesius   (OBERHOLSER).    Western  Marsh  Wren. 

[725c.] 

Cistothorus  palustris  plesius  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XIV,  April,  1897,  188. 
(Fort  Wingate,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Arid  interior  of  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Upper 
Sonoran  Zone  from  central  British  Columbia  to  New  Mexico  and  from  central 
Washington,  central  Oregon,  and  northeastern  California  east  to  central 
Colorado;  winters  from  California  and  central  Texas  (casually  further  north) 
south  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Sinaloa,  and  Tamaulipas. 

e.  Telmatodytes  palustris  iliacus  RIDGWAY.    Prairie  Marsh  Wren.    [725d.] 

Telmatodytes  palustris  iliacus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI, 
Sept.  30,  1903,  110.     (Wheatland,  Knox  Co.,  Indiana.) 

RANGE. —  Plains  and  prairies  of  central  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transi- 
tion and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  central  Alberta  and  southwestern  Keewatin 
south  to  central  Mississippi  Valley  and  east  to  Indiana;  winters  southward  over 
Mexico  to  Jalisco,  Zacatecas,  and  Vera  Cruz,  and  along  the  Gulf  coast  to  west- 
ern Florida. 

/.    Telmatodytes  palustris  marianse  (SCOTT).    Marian's  Marsh  Wren.    [725e.] 

Cistothorus  mariance  SCOTT,  Auk,  V,  April,  1888,  188.     (Tarpon  Springs, 
Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  South  Atlantic  States.  Breeds  in  Lower  Austral  Zone 
on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina;  winters  south  to  South  Carolina  and  west 
coast  of  Florida. 


344  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  CERTHIID^E.     CREEPERS. 

GENUS  CERTHIA  LINNJETJS. 

Certhia  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  118.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Certhia  familiar  is  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

CSrthia  familiaris  LINNAEUS. 
RANGE. —  Greater  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere. 

a.     [Certhia  familiaris  familiaris.     ExtralimitaL] 

/>.     Certhia  familiaris  americana  BONAPARTE.    Brown  Creeper.    [726.] 

Certhia  americana  BONAPARTE,  Geog.  &  Comp.  List,  1838,  11.     ("West- 
ern [  =  eastern]  and  northern  parts"  of  North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  southern  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  southern  Quebec, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  eastern  Nebraska,  northern  Indiana,  northern 
New  York,  and  Massachusetts,  and  south  along  the  Alleghenies  to  North 
Carolina,  and  casually  in  southeastern  Missouri;  winters  over  a  large  part 
of  its  breeding  range  and  south  to  central  Texas  and  northern  Florida. 

c.  Certhia  familiaris  albescens  BERLEPSCH.    Mexican  Creeper.    [726a,j 

Certhia  mexicana  albescens  BERLEPSCH,  Auk,  V,  Oct.,  1888,  450.     (Ciudad, 
western  Durango,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  southern  Arizona 
south  to  Tepic  and  Zacatecas,  Mexico. 

d.  Certhia  familiaris  montana  RIDGWAY.    Rocky  Mountain  Creeper.    [7266.] 

Certhia  familiaris  montana  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882, 

114.  (Camp  Apache,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Boreal  zones  from  central  Alaska  (Mt.  McKinley),  central  British 
Columbia,  and  central  Alberta  south  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico;  in  winter  to  southeastern  California  and  probably  into  Mexico. 

-• .     Certhia  familiaris  occidentalis  RIDGWAY.    California  Creeper.    [726c.] 
Certhia  familiaris  occidentalis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882, 

115.  (Simiahmoo,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast,  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones,  from  Sitka, 
Alaska,  to  Santa  Cruz  Mountains,  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  345 

/.    Certhia  familiaris  zelotes  OSGOOD.    Sierra  Creeper.    [726d.] 

Certhia  familiaris  zelotes  OSGOOD,  Auk,  XVIII,  April,  1901,  182.     (Battle 
Creek,  Tehama  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  the  Cascade  Mountains  of 
Oregon  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California  south  to  San  Jacinto  Mountains, 
spreading  into  adjacent  valleys  in  winter. 


FAMILY  SITTIDJE.    NUTHATCHES. 

GENUS  SITTA  LINNJSUS. 

^Sitta  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758, 115.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Sitta 
europcea  LINNAEUS. 

Sitta  carolinensis  LATHAM. 

RANGE. —  Temperate  North  America  south  (in  mountains)  to 
Lower  California  and  central  and  southern  Mexico. 

a.    Sitta  carolinensis  carolinensis  LATHAM.    White-breasted  Nuthatch.    [727.] 
Sitta  carolinensis  LATHAM,  Index  Orn.,  I,  1790,  262.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  east  of  the  Plains.  Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transi- 
tion, and  Upper  Austral  zones  from  northern  Minnesota,  central  Ontario, 
southern  Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  the  northern  parts  of  the 
Gulf  States;  casual  in  Keewatin. 

6.    Sitta  carolinensis  aculeata  CASSIN.    Slender-billed  Nuthatch.    [727a.] 

Sitta  aculeata  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat,  Sci.  Phila.,  1856,  254.    (California.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  Zone  from 
southern  British  Columbia  to  northern  Lower  California  and  from  the  Pacific 
coast  east  to  the  Cascades  and  Sierra  Nevada. 

c.    Sitta    carolinensis    atkinsi    SCOTT.     Florida    White-breasted    Nuthatch. 
[7276.] 

Sitta  carolinensis  atkinsi  SCOTT,  Auk,  VII,  April,  1890,  118.     (Tarpon 
Springs,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Lower  Austral  Zone  from  Mississippi  eastward  along  the 
Gulf  coast  to  Florida. 


346  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

'/.     Sitta  carolinensis  nelsoni  MEARNS.    Rocky  Mountain  Nuthatch.    [727 r.] 
Sitta  carolinensis  nelsoni  MEARNS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXIV,  1902, 
923.     (Huachuca  Mountains,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Interior  of  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  the  Transition 
Zone  from  southern  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta,  and  western  Manitoba 
south  to  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  and  Coahuila,  and  from  the  eastern  base  of  the 
Cascades  and  Sierra  Nevada  eastward  across  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

e.    Sitta  carolinensis  lagunse  BREWSTER.    San  Lucas  Nuthatch.    [727 d.] 

Sitta  carolinensis  lagunce  BREWSTER,  Auk,  VIII,  April,  1891,  149.     (Sepa- 
rates publ.  Feb.  17.)     (Sierra  de  la  Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  of  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California. 

Sitta  canadensis  LINNAEUS.    Red-breasted  Nuthatch.    [728.] 

Sitta  canadensis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  177.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  Zone  from  the 
upper  Yukon  Valley,  southern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  northern 
Quebec,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  northern  Minnesota,  Michigan, 
and  Massachusetts,  and  south  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Rocky 
Mountains  to  California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  and  in  the 
Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina;  also  on  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower 
California;  winters  from  southern  Canada  south  to  Lower  California, 
New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  the  Gulf  coast. 

Sitta  pusilla  LATHAM.    Brown-headed  Nuthatch.    [729.] 
Sitta  pusilla  LATHAM,  Index  Orn.,  I,  1790,  263.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian 
Zone  from  southern  Missouri  and  southern  Delaware  south  to  eastern 
Texas  and  southern  Florida;  casual  in  southern  Michigan,  Ohio, 
New  York,  and  the  Bahamas. 

Sitta  pygmaea  VIGORS. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  southern  British  Columbia 
south  (in  mountains)  to  Lower  California  and  Mexico. 

a.     Sitta  pygmsea  pygmsea  VIGORS.     Pygmy  Nuthatch.     [730.] 

Sitta  pygmcea  VIGORS,  in  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  1839,  25,  pi.  4.     (Monterey, 
California.) 


ORDEK   PASSERES.  347 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  Mexico.  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone 
from  southern  British  Columbia,  Montana,  and  southeastern  Wyoming  to 
Jalisco,  Michoacan,  Puebla,  and  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  and  from  the  Pacific  coast 
to  the  Rocky  Mountains  (Colorado  and  eastern  New  Mexico) ;  casual  in  South 
Dakota  and  Nebraska. 

6.    Sitta  pygmsea  leuconucha  ANTHONY.    White-naped  Nuthatch.    [730a.] 
Sitta  pygmcea  leuconucha  ANTHONY,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  II, 
Oct.  11,  1889,  77.     (San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  from  San  Diego  County,  California, 
south  to  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California. 


FAMILY  PARXDJE.    TITMICE. 

GENUS  B.ffiOLOPHUS  CABANIS. 

Bceolophus  CABANIS,  Mus.  Hein.,  I,  1851,  91.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Parus 
bicolor  LINNAEUS. 

Baeolophus  bicolor   (LINNAEUS).    Tufted  Titmouse.    [731.] 

Parus  bicolor  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  340.     (Carolina.) 

RANGE. —  Carolinian  and  Austroriparian  zones  of  eastern  United 
States  from  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania, 
and  New  Jersey  south  to  central  Texas,  the  Gulf  coast,  and  Florida; 
casual  in  southern  parts  of  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  New  York,  and 
Connecticut. 

Bseolophus  atricristatus  (CASSIN). 

RANGE. —  Central  and  southern  Texas  south  in  eastern  Mexico  to 
Vera  Cruz. 

a     Bseolophus  atricristatus  atricristatus  (CASSIN).    Black-crested  Titmouse. 

[732.] 

Parus  atricristatus  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  V,    1850,  103, 
pi.  2.     (Rio  Grande,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  and  Arid  Tropical  zones  from  the  Rio  Grande 
Valley  south  through  eastern  Mexico  to  Coahuila,  San  Luis  Potosi,  and 
northern  Vera  Cruz. 


348  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

6.    Bseolophus  atricristatus  se*nnetti  RIDGWAY.     Bennett's  Titmouse.    [732a.] 

Bueolophus  atricristatus  sennetti  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  50, 
Pt.  3,  1904,  386.     (Leon  Springs,  Bexar  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  of  central  Texas,  from  Tom  Green  and 
Concho  counties  east  to  the  Brazos  River,  and  from  Young  County  south  to 
Nueces  and  Bee  counties. 

Bseolophus  inorn£tus  (GAMBEL). 

RANGE. —  Arid  districts  of  western  United  States  south  to  Lower 
California  and  the  northern  border  of  Mexico. 

a.  Bseolophus  inornatus  inornatus  (GAMBEL).    Plain  Titmouse.    [733.] 

Parus  inornatus  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  II,  1845,  265. 
("Upper  California."     "First  discovered  near  Monterey.") 

RANGE. —  California  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran 
Zone  from  Mendocino  and  Siskiyou  counties  to  northern  Lower  California. 

b.  Bseolophus  inornatus  grfseus  (RIDGWAY).    Gray  Titmouse.    [733a.] 

Lophophanes  inornatus  griseus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882, 
344.     (Iron  City,  Iron  Co.,  Utah.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  the  arid  interior  of  western  United  States.  Breeds 
in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  from  Nevada,  Utah,  and  central  Colorado  to  south- 
eastern California,  southern  Arizona,  southeastern  New  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas. 

c.  Bseolophus  inornatus  cineraceus  (RIDGWAY).    Ashy  Titmouse.    [7336.] 

Lophophanes  inornatus  cineraceus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VI, 
1883,  154.     (Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower 
California. 


Bffioloplius  wollweberi  (BONAPARTE).     Bridled  Titmouse.     [734.] 

Lophophanes  wollweberi  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXI,  1850,  478. 
(Zacatecas,  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  mainly  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  mountains  of 
southern  Arizona  and  southern  New  Mexico  and  south  through 
Mexico  to  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  and  Vera  Cruz. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  349 


GENUS  PENTHESTES  REICHENBACH. 

Penthestes  REICHENBACH,  Avium  Syst.  Nat.,  1850,  pi.  Ixii.  Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Parus  lugubris  TEMMINCK. 

PenthSstes  atricapillus  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  North  America  from  tree  limit  to  about  the  middle  of  the 
United  States. 

a.  Penthestes  atricapillus  atricapillus  (LINNAEUS).    Chickadee.    [735.] 
Parus  atricapillus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  341.     (Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  of  eastern  North  America  from 
southeastern  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  central 
Missouri,  Illinois,  northern  Indiana,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  northern  New 
Jersey,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  south  to  North  Carolina;  somewhat  further 
south  in  winter. 

b.  Penthestes  atricapillus  septentrionalis  (HARRIS).    Long-tailed  Chickadee. 

[735a.] 

Parus  septentrionalis  HARRIS,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil  a.,  II,  1845,  300. 
(Yellowstone  River,  about  30  miles  "below"  [  =  above]  its  junction 
with  the  Missouri,  Montana.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian  and  Transi- 
tion zones  from  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska,  central  Mackenzie,  and  southwest- 
ern Keewatin  south  to  northern  New  Mexico  and  eastern  Kansas,  and  from 
eastern  Oregon  east  to  western  Minnesota  and  western  Iowa;  south  in  winter 
to  central  Texas. 

c.  Penthestes  atricapillus  occiden tails  (BAIRD).     Oregon  Chickadee.    [7356.] 

Parus  occidentalis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  391. 
(Shoal water  Bay,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  Zone  of  Northwest  coast  from  British  Columbia  to 
Oregon. 

d.  Penthestes  atricapillus  turneri  (RIDGWAY).     Yukon  Chickadee.     [735c.] 

Parus  atricapillus  lurneri  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  II,  April  10, 
1884,  89.  (St.  Michael,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  Zone  of  northern  Alaska  north  and  west  of 
Cook  Inlet. 


350  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Penthestes  carolinensis  (AUDUBON). 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States  west  to  eastern  Texas. 

a.    Penthestes    carolinensis    carolinensis    (AUDUBON).    Carolina    Chickadee. 

[736.] 
Parus  carolinensis  AUDUBON,   Orn.  Biog.,  II,   1834,  341.     (Near  New 

Orleans,  La.,  or  Charleston,  S.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Carolinian  and  Austro- 
riparian  zones  from  central  Missouri,  Indiana,  central  Ohio,  Pennsylvania 
(sparingly),  and  central  New  Jersey,  south  to  southeastern  Louisiana,  the 
Gulf  coast,  and  northern  Florida. 

6.    Penthestes  carolinensis  &gilis  (SENNETT).    Plumbeous  Chickadee.    [736o.] 
Parus  carolinensis  agilis  SENNETT,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  46.     (Bee  Co., 

Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Western  part  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley.  Breeds  in  Lower 
Austral  Zone  from  northern  Oklahoma  to  Refugio  and  Kendall  counties, 
Texas,  and  east  to  northwestern  Louisiana. 

c.    Penthestes  carolinensis  impiger  (BANGS).    Florida  Chickadee.    [7366.] 
Parus  carolinensis  impiger  BANGS,  Proc.  N.  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  IV,  March 
16,  1903,  1.     (Deep  Creek,  about  3  miles  from  Lake  Ashby,  Florida.) 

RANGE. —  East  central  Florida. 

Penthestes  sclateri  (KLEINSCHMIDT).     Mexican  Chickadee.    [737.] 
Parus  sclateri  KLEINSCHMIDT,  Journ.  fur  Orn.,   1897,  92   (note).     (El 
Jacale,  eastern  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  in  mountains  of  southern 
Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico  east  to  Coahuila  and  south  to 
Michoacan  and  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Penthestes  gambeli  (RIDGWAY). 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  western  North  America  from  central  British 
Columbia  to  Lower  California. 

a.    Penthestes  gambeli  gambeli  (RIDGWAY).    Mountain  Chickadee.    [738.] 
Parus  gambeli  RIDGWAY,  in  A.  O.  U.  Check-List,  1886,  335.     (About  one 

day's  journey  west  of  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico.) 

RANGE. —  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  in  mountains  from  central  British 
Columbia,  west  central  Alberta,  and  east  central  Montana  south  to  the 
southern  Sierra  Nevada  in  California  and  mountains  of  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
and  western  Texas. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  351 

b.    Penthestes  gambeli  bafleyse  (GRINNELL).    Bailey's  Mountain  Chickadee. 

[738a.] 

Parus  gambeli  bailey  ce  GRINNELL,  Condor,  X,  1908,  29.     (Mount  Wilson, 
at  5500  feet,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  Great  Basin  region  and  northern  Lower  California. 
Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  the  Maury  Mountains,  Ore- 
gon, south  over  Nevada  and  eastern  California  to  the  San  Pedro  Martir 
Mountains,  Lower  California. 

Penthestes  cinctus  (BODDAERT). 

RANGE. —  Siberia  from  the  Yenesei  River  eastward  to  Alaska  and 
Anderson  River,  Mackenzie. 

a.  [Penthestes  cinctus  cinctus.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Penthestes  cinctus  alasce'nsis  (PRAZ^K).    Alaska  Chickadee.    [739.] 

Paecila  cincta  alascensis  PRAZ^K,  Orn.  Jahrbuch,  VI,  1895,  92.     (Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Shores  of  Okhotsk  Sea,  Siberia,  and  northern  Alaska  (St. 
Michael  and  Kowak  River),  and  east  to  northwestern  Mackenzie  (Anderson 
River)  in  Hudson ian  Zone. 

Penthestes  hudsonicus  (FORSTER). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  breeding  almost  wholly  north 
of  the  United  States. 

a.    Penthestes  hudsonicus  hudsonicus  (J.  R.  FORSTER).    Hudsonian  Chick- 
adee.    [740.] 

Parus  hudsonicus  FORSTER,  Philos.  Trans.,  LXII,  1772,  383,  430.     (Sev- 
ern River,  west  coast  of  Hudson  Bay,  Canada.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and  Canadian 
zones  from  Kowak  Valley,  Alaska,  and  tree  limit  in  central  Mackenzie  and 
central  Keewatin  south  to  southern  British  Columbia,  central  Alberta  (cas- 
ually Montana),  northern  Manitoba,  central  Ontario,  and  Ungava;  south  in 
winter  casually  to  northern  Illinois. 

6.    Penthestes    hudsonicus    littoralis    (H.    BRYANT).     Acadian    Chickadee. 
[740a.] 

Parus  hudsonicus,  var.  littoralis  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  IX,  1865, 
368.     (Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia.) 


352  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from 
northern  Quebec  and  Newfoundland  south  to  the  Adirondacks  of  New  York 
and  mountains  of  northern  Vermont  and  central  New  Hampshire;  migrating 
casually  to  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut. 

Penthestes  rufescens  (TOWNSEND). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  region  of  North  America  from  Prince 
William  Sound,  Alaska,  south  to  Monterey  Bay,  California. 

a.  Penthestes    rufescens    rufescens    (J.    K.    TOWNSEND).    Chestnut-backed 

Chickadee.    [741.] 

Parus  rufescens  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  ii,  1837, 
190.     (Columbia  River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  in  Canadian  and  humid  Transition  zones  from 
Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska,  to  Sonoma  County,  California,  and  east  to 
western  Montana. 

b.  Penthestes  rufescens  neglectus  (RIDGWAY).    California  Chickadee.  [741a.j 

Parus  rufescens  /?.  neglectus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  I,  1879, 
485.     (Nicasio,  Marin  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  middle  California  in  the  humid  Transition  Zone  of 
Sonoma  and  Marin  counties. 

c.  Penthestes  rufescens  b&rlowi  (GRINNELL).    Barlow's  Chickadee.    [7416.] 

Parus  rufescens   barlowi  GRINNELL,   Condor,   II,  Nov.    16,    1900,    127. 
(Stevens  Creek  Canon,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Coast  of  middle  California  in  Transition  Zone  from  San  Francisco 
Bay  to  a  little  south  of  Monterey  Bay. 


GENUS  PSALTRIPARUS  BONAPARTE. 

Psaltriparus  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXI,  1850,  478.  Type, 
by  monotypy,  Psaltriparus  personatus  BONAPARTE  =  Parus  melanotis 
HARTLAUB. 

Psaltriparus  minimus  (TOWNSEND). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  from  southern  British 
Columbia  to  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California,  and  eastward  to 
interior  of  Oregon  and  California. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  353 

a.     Psaltriparus  minimus  minimus  (J.  K.  TOWNSEND).     Bush-Tit.     [743.] 

Parus  minimus  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  ii,  1837, 
190.     (Columbia  River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  of  the  Pacific  coast  from 
southern  British  Columbia  and  northern  Washington  to  northern  Lower 
California. 

6.    Psaltriparas  minimus  californicus  RIDGWAY.    California  Bush-Tit.    [743a.] 

Psaltriparus  minimus  californicus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  II, 
April  10,  1884,  89.     (Baird,  Shasta  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  of  Oregon  and  California 
(except  coast  strip)  from  northeastern  Oregon  to  southern  California. 

c.    Psaltriparus  minimus  grindae  RIDGWAY.    Grinda's  Bush-Tit.    [7436.] 

Psaltriparus  grinds  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VI,  1883,  155. 
(Laguna,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California  in  Upper  Sonoran  Zone. 

Psaltriparus  plumbeus  (BAIRD).     Lead-colored  Bush-Tit.    [744.] 

Psaltria  plumbea  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854,  118. 
(Little  Colorado  River,  near  Long.  111°  W.,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Transition  and  Upper  Sonoran  zones  of  the  arid  interior 
from  eastern  Oregon  and  western  Wyoming  south  to  southeastern 
California,  northern  Sonora,  and  western  Texas,  and  from  western 
Nevada  to  central  Colorado. 

Psaltriparus  melanotis  (HARTLAUB). 

RANGE. —  Southern  border  of  western  United  States,  Mexico,  and 
Guatemala. 

a.     [Psaltriparus  melanotis  melanotis.     Extralimital.] 

6.     Psaltriparus  melanotis  lloydi  SENNETT.    Lloyd's  Bush-Tit.     [745.] 

Psaltriparus  U-oydi  SENNETT,  Auk,  V,  Jan.,  1888,  43.     (Limpia  Canon, 
near  Fort  Davis,  Jeff  Davis  Co.,  Texas.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southeastern  desert  region,  mainly  in  Upper  Son- 
oran Zone,  in  southeastern  Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas  (mountains  between  Pecos  River  and  Rio  Grande)  south  into  Sonora 
and  Chihuahua. 


354  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  AURIPARUS  BAIRD. 

Auriparus  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  Aug.,  1864,  85.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  jEgithalus  flaviceps  SUNDEVALL. 

Auriparus  flaviceps  (SUNDEVALL). 

RANGE. —  Desert  regions  of  southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.  Auriparus  flaviceps  flaviceps  (SUNDEVALL).    Verdin.    [746.] 

jEgithalus  flaviceps   SUNDEVALL,    Ofv.    Vet.-Akad.    Forh.,    VII,    1850, 
129  (note).     (California.) 

RANGE. —  Sonoran  deserts  of  southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico 
from  southern  California,  southern  Nevada,  southwestern  Utah,  southeastern 
New  Mexico,  and  southern  Texas  south  to  northern  Lower  California,  north- 
ern Sonora,  Durango,  Coahuila,  and  Tamaulipas. 

b.  Auriparus  flaviceps  lamproce"phalus  OBERHOLSER.    Cape  Verdin.    [746a.] 

Auriparus  flaviceps  lamprocephalus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  XIV,  Oct.,  1897, 
391.     (Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  in  the  southern  half  of  Lower  California 
south  of  latitude  29°  30'  (Yubay)  and  southwestern  Sonora. 


FAMILY  CHAM2EID2E.    WREN-TITS. 

GENUS  CHAMJEA  GAMBEL. 

Chamcea  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ill,  1847,  154.     Type, 
by  orig.  desig.,  Parus  fasciat us  GAMBEL. 

Chamsea  fasciata  (GAMBEL). 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  from  Oregon  south  to  northern   Lower 
California  and  east  to  interior  of  California. 

a.    Chamsea  fasciata  fasciata^(GAMBEL).    Wren-Tit.    [742.] 

Parus  fasciatus  GAMBEL,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  II,  1845,  265. 
(California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  on  the  eastern  and  southern  shores  of  San 
Francisco  Bay  and  adjacent  Santa  Clara  Valley. 


OKDER   PASSERES.  355 

6.     Chamaea  fasciata  henshawi  RIDGWAY.     PaUid  Wren- Tit.     [742a.] 

Chamcea  fasciata  henshawi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1882,  13. 
(Walker  Basin,  between  Kernville  and  Caliente,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  foothills  and  valleys  of  interior  and 
southern  California  from  Shasta  County  south  to  northern  Lower  California, 
and  along  the  coast  from  Monterey  Bay  southward. 

c.  Chamsea  fasciata  phaea  OSGOOD.    Coast  Wren- Tit.    [7426.] 

Chamcea  fasciata  phcea  OSGOOD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIII,  May  29, 
1899,  42.     (Newport,  Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  Zone  of  Pacific  coast  of  Oregon  and  northern 
California  (from  Columbia  River  to  Humboldt  Bay). 

d.  Chamsea  fasciata  rufula  RIDGWAY.    Ruddy  Wren-Tit.    [742c.] 

Chamcea  fasciata  rufula  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVI,  Sept.  30, 
1903,  109.     (Nicasio,  Marin  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Humid  Transition  coast  strip  of  California  from  southern  Hum- 
boldt County  south  to  Santa  Cruz. 


FAMILY  SYLVIID^E.    WARBLERS,  KINGLETS,  GNATCATCHERS. 

SUBFAMILY  SYLV1IN2E.     WARBLERS. 
GENUS  ACANTHOPNEUSTE  J.  H.  BLASIUS. 

Acanthopneuste  BLASIUS,  Naumannia,  1858,  313.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Phyllopneuste  borealis  BLASIUS  (Ridgway,  1904). 

Acanthopneuste   borealis    (BLASIUS).     Kennicott's    Willow   Warbler. 

[747.] 

Phyllopneuste  borealis  BLASIUS,  Naumannia,  1858,  313.     (Sea  of  Okh- 
otsk, Lat.  59°  38'  N.,  Long.  147°  30'  E.) 

RANGE. —  Western  Alaska.     Breeds  from  Kowak  River  to  Nusha- 
gak  River;    winters  south  to  southeastern  Asia. 


356  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

SUBFAMILY  REGULINJE.     KINGLETS. 

GENUS  REGULUS  CUVIER. 

Regulus  CUVIER,  Logons  Anat.  Comp.,  I,  1800,  table  ii.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy,  "Les  Roitelets"  =  Motacilla  regulus  LINNAEUS. 

Regrulus  satrapa  LICHTENSTEIN. 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  breeding  mainly  (except  in 
mountains)  north  of  the  United  States;  south  in  winter  to  the  Gulf 
coast  and  highlands  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

a.  Regulus  satrapa  satrapa  LICHTENSTEIN.    Golden-crowned  Kinglet.    [748.] 

Regulus  satrapa  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Doubl.,  1823,  35.     (North  America.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  northern 
Alberta,  southern  Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south 
in  Rocky  Mountains  to  northern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and  to  Michigan, 
New  York,  and  mountains  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  higher  Alleghenies 
south  to  North  Carolina;  winters  from  Iowa  (casually  Minnesota),  Ontario, 
and  New  Brunswick  to  northern  Florida  and  Tamaulipas,  northeastern  Mexico. 

b.  Regulus   satrapa    olivaceus   BAIRD.     Western    Golden-crowned    Kinglet. 

[748a.] 

Regulus  satrapa  var.  olivaceus  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864,  65. 
(Simiahmoo,  Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  Kadiak 
Island  and  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska,  south  through  eastern  Oregon  to  San 
Jacinto  Mountains,  California;  winters  from  British  Columbia  (casually 
Alaska)  to  the  highlands  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

Regulus  calendula  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  breeding  north  of  the  United 
States  and  in  mountains  south  to  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  southern 
California,  and  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California;  south  in  winter 
to  the  tableland  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

a.    Regulus  calendula  calendula  (LINKSEUS).    Ruby-crowned  Kinglet.    [749.] 

Motacilla  calendula  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  337.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 


ORDER  PASSERES.  357 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  north- 
western Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central  Keewatin,  and  west  central 
Ungava  south  in  mountains  to  southern  California,  southern  Arizona,  central 
New  Mexico,  northern  Ontario,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  (casually 
Maine) ;  winters  from  southern  British  Columbia,  Iowa,  and  Virginia  (casually 
further  north)  south  over  the  United  States  and  the  Mexican  tableland  to 
Guatemala;  accidental  in  Greenland. 

b.  Regulus  calendula  grinnglli  W.  PALMER.     Sitka  Kinglet.     [749a.] 

Regulus  calendula  grinnelli  PALMER,  Auk,  XIV,  Oct.,  1897,  399.     (Sitka, 
Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  from  Prince  William  Sound  and  Skagway, 
Alaska,  to  British  Columbia;  winters  south  to  middle  California. 

c.  Regulus  calendula  obscurus  RIDGWAY.    Dusky  Kinglet.    [7496.] 

Regulus  calendula  obscurus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog^  Suj-v.  Terr.,  II, 
No.  2,  1876,  184.     (Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California. 


SUBFAMILY  POLIOPTILINJ5.    GNATCATCHEBS. 
GENUS  POLIOPTILA  SCLATER. 

Polioptila  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1855,  11.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Motacilla  ccerulea  LINN^US. 


Polidptila  caeriilea 

RANGE.  —  Southern  United  States  and  Mexico. 

a.    Polioptila  caerulea  caerulea  (LINNAEUS).    Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher.    [751.] 

Motacilla  caerulea  LINN.EUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,   1766,  337.     (Near 
Philadelphia,  Pa.) 

RANGE.  —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  Austroriparian  and 
Carolinian  zones  from  eastern  Nebraska  and  southern  parts  of  Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  and  Ontario,  and  southwestern  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and 
southern  New  Jersey  south  to  southern  Texas  and  central  Florida;  winters 
from  southern  Texas,  Gulf  States,  and  northern  Florida  to  the  Bahamas  and 
Cuba  and  through  eastern  Mexico  to  Yucatan  and  Guatemala;  casual  north- 
ward to  southeastern  Minnesota,  New  England,  and  New  York. 


358  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

b.    Polioptila  caerulea  obscura  RIDGWAY.    Western  Gnatcatcher.     [75 la.] 

Polioptila  ccerulea  obscura  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  1883,  535 
(note).  (San  Jos6  del  Cabo,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Western  United  States  and  Mexico.  Breeds  in  Upper  and 
Lower  Sonoran  zones  from  Siskiyou  County,  California,  southern  Nevada, 
southern  Utah,  and  Colorado  south  to  the  Cape  Region  of  Lower  California, 
and  on  the  tableland  of  Mexico  to  Guanajuato,  and  east  to  Pecos  River, 
Texas ;  winters  from  southern  California  and  southern  Arizona  south  to  Cape 
San  Lucas,  Colima,  Morelos,  and  Puebla. 

Polioptila  plumbea  (BAIRD).     Plumbeous  Gnatcatcher.    [752.] 

Culicivora  plumbea  BAIRD,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  1854,  118. 
(Bill  Williams  Fork  [Big  Sandy  River,  Lat.  34°  32'  N.,  Long.  113°  30' 
W.],  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Lower  Sonoran  Zone  from  southeastern  California, 
southern  Nevada,  central  Arizona,  west  central  New  Mexico,  and  the 
Rio  Grande  Valley  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Sonora,  Nuevo  Leon, 
and  Tamaulipas. 

Polioptila   calif 6 mica  BREWSTER.     Black-tailed   Gnatcatcher.    [753.] 

Polioptila  calif ornica  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  VI,  April, 
1881,  103.  (Riverside,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  and  Lower  California.  Breeds  mainly  in  Upper 
Sonoran  Zone  from  Ventura  County  south  in  Lower  California  to  San 
Fernando;  in  winter  to  Espiritu  Santo  Island;  casual  east  to  Fort 
Yuma. 


FAMILY  TURDIDJE.    THRUSHES,  SOLITAIRES,  STONECHATS, 
BLUEBIRDS,  ETC. 

SUBFAMILY  M7ADESTINJE.     SOLITAIRES. 
GENUS  MYADESTES  SWAINSON. 

Myadestes  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Libr.,  XIII,  Flycatchers,  1838,  132.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Myadestes  genibarbis  SWAINSON. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  359 

Myadestes   townsendi   (AUDUBON).     Townsend's   Solitaire.    [754.] 

Ptilogony's  townsendi  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  IV,  1838,  pi.  419, 
fig.  2.     (Near  Fort  George,  Columbia  River  =  near  Astoria,  Oregon.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from 
east  central  Alaska,  southwestern  Mackenzie,  and  western  Alberta 
south  through  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains, 
California,  and  through  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico;  reported  breeding  in  Transition  Zone  in  mountains  of 
Durango,  Zacatecas,  and  Coahuila,  Mexico;  winters  from  southern 
British  Columbia  and  Montana  southward,  straggling  to  central 
Texas,  Kansas,  and  Illinois;  accidental  in  New  York. 


SUBFAMILY  TUEDINJE.     THRUSHES. 

GENUS  H7LOCIGHLA  BAIRD. 

Hylocichla  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864,  12,  13.     Type,  by  orig- 
desig.,  Turdus  mustelinus  GMELIN. 

Hylocichla  mustelina  (GMELIN).     Wood  Thrush.     [755.] 

Turdus  mustelinus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  817.     (New  York.) 

RANGE.  —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Transition  and 
Austral  zones  from  southern  South  Dakota,  central  Minnesota, 
central  Wisconsin,  southern  Ontario,  and  southern  New  Hampshire 
south  to  eastern  Texas,  Louisiana,  and  northern  Florida;  winters 
from  Puebla,  southern  Mexico,  to  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica;  casual 
in  migration  in  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  and  Jamaica;  accidental  in 
Colorado,  Maine,  and  Bermuda. 

Hylocichla  fuscescens  (STEPHENS). 

RANGE. —  Southern  Canada  and  northern  United  States;  in  winter 
northern  South  America  to  Brazil. 

a.    Hylocichla  fuscescens  fuscescens  (STEPHENS).    Veery.    [756.] 

Turdus  fuscescens  STEPHENS,  General  Zoology,  X,  i,  1817,  182.     (Penn- 
sylvania.) 


360  CHECK-LIST  OF  NOKTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
in  lower  Canadian  and  Alleghenian  zones  from  northern  Michigan,  central 
Ontario,  Anticosti,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  northern  Illinois,  northern 
Indiana,  northern  Ohio,  and  northern  New  Jersey,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  to 
North  Carolina  and  northern  Georgia;  migrates  through  Yucatan  and  Central 
America;  winters  in  Colombia,  British  Guiana,  and  Brazil. 

b.    Eylocichla  fuscescens  salicicola  RIDGWAY.    Willow  Thrush.    [756o.] 

Hylocichla  fuscescens  salicicola  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  IV, 
1882,  374.     (Fort  Garland,  Colorado.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds 
in  lower  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia,  cen- 
tral Alberta,  central  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba  south  to  central 
Oregon,  Nevada,  Utah,  northern  New  Mexico,  and  central  Iowa;  winters  in 
South  America  to  Brazil;  eastward  in  migration  to  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  In- 
diana, and  Mississippi. 

Hylocichla  alicise  (BAIRD). 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America,  breeding  mainly  north  of  the 
United  States;  northern  South  America  in  winter. 

a.  Hylocichla  aliciae  alicise  (BAIRD).    Gray-cheeked  Thrush.    [757.] 

Turdus  alicia  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  217. 
(West  Northfield,  Illinois.) 

RANGE. —  North  America  and  northern  South  America.  Breeds  in  Hud- 
sonian  Zone  in  a  narrow  belt  just  south  of  tree  limit  from  northeastern  Siberia, 
through  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  and  central  Keewatin 
to  central  Ungava,  and  in  Newfoundland;  migrates  along  the  east  coast  of 
Central  America  and  winters  in  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  Venezuela,  and 
British  Guiana;  west  in  migration  to  Montana,  Kansas,  and  Texas;  acci- 
dental in  Cuba,  Greenland,  and  Helgoland. 

b.  Hylocichla  aliciae  bicknelli  RIDGWAY.    BicknelTs  Thrush.    [757a.] 

Hylocichla  alicioe  bicknelli  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  IV,  1882,  377. 
(Summit  of  Slide  Mountain,  Catskills,  Ulster  Co.,  New  York.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  jBreeds  in  Hudsonian  and  upper 
Canadian  zones  in  Nova  Scotia,  mountains  of  northern  New  England,  the 
Catskills  and  Adirondacks  of  New  York,  and  probably  mountains  of  western 
Massachusetts;  migrates  through  southeastern  United  States  and  the  Baha- 
mas; winters  in  Haiti  and  probably  northern  South  America. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  361 


Hylocichla  ustulata  (NUTTALL). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  mainly  (except  in  mountains) 
north  of  the  United  States;  in  winter  southern  Mexico  to  Brazil  and 
Bolivia. 

a.  Hylocichla  ustulata  ustulata  (NUTTALL).    Russet-backed  Thrush.    [758.] 

Turdus  ustulatus  NUTTALL,  Manual  Orn.,  Land  Birds,  ed.  2,  1840,  400 
(and  errata,  p.  vi).  (Columbia  River,  probably  near  Fort  Vancouver, 
Washington.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  to  northern  South  America. 
Breeds  in  Canadian,  Transition,  and  possibly  Upper  Austral  zones  from 
Juneau,  Alaska,  to  San  Diego  County,  California;  winters  from  Vera  Cruz, 
Guatemala,  and  Costa  Rica  to  eastern  Ecuador  and  British  Guiana. 

b.  Hylocichla  ustulata  swainsoni  (TSCHUDI).    Olive-backed  Thrush.    [758a.] 

Turdus  swainsoni  TSCHUDI,  Fauna  Peruana,  1845-46,  Orn.,  28.  (New 
Jersey.) 

RANGE. —  North  and  South  America.  Breeds  in  lower  Hudsonian  and 
Canadian  zones  from  northwestern  Alaska,  northwestern  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  southern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  Kenai  Peninsula, 
Alaska,  eastern  Oregon,  Nevada,  Utah,  Colorado,  northern  Michigan,  New 
York,  and  in  mountains  from  Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvania  and  West 
Virginia ;  winters  from  southern  Mexico  to  Peru,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  and  Argen- 
tina; casual  in  Cuba  and  Bermuda. 

Hylocichla  guttata  (PALLAS). 

• 

RANGE. —  Northern  North  America  and  mountains  of  western 
United  States;  in  winter  southern  United  States,  Cuba,  and  Mexico 
to  tableland  of  Guatemala. 

a.     Hylocichla  guttata  guttata  (PALLAS).    Alaska  Hermit  Thrush.    [759.] 

Muscicapa  guttata  PALLAS,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiatica,  I,  1826  (1811?),  465. 
(Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Hudsonian  Zone 
from  south  central  Alaska  (Mt.  McKinley)  south  to  Kadiak  Island  and  Cross 
Sound;  winters  south  to  Lower  California,  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  Nuevo  Leon, 
and  Tamaulipas;  in  migration  east  to  eastern  Oregon,  Nevada,  and  New 
Mexico. 


362  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

6.     Hylocichla  guttata  auduboni  (BAIRD).     Audubon's  Hermit  Thrush.  [759a.] 

Turdus  auduboni  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864,  16.     (Fort  Bridger, 
Wyoming.) 

RANGE. —  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  upper  Tran- 
sition zones  from  British  Columbia  and  Montana  south  to  Nevada  (Toyabe 
Mountains),  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico;  winters  in  western  and  central  Texas 
and  south  over  the  Mexican  tableland  to  Guatemala. 

c.  Hylocichla  guttata  pallasi  (CABANIS).    Hermit  Thrush.    [759b.] 

Turdus  pallasii  CABANIS,  Archiv  fur  Naturg.,  1847,  i,  205.     (Southern  or 
southeastern  United  States.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  and  eastern  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  southern  Yukon,  southwestern  Mackenzie,  south- 
western Keewatin,  and  northern  Quebec  south  to  central  Alberta,  southern 
Saskatchewan,  central  Minnesota,  northern  Michigan,  Ontario,  Massachu- 
setts, Connecticut,  Long  Island  (locally),  and  mountains  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland;  winters  from  Massachusetts  (locally)  and  the  lower  Delaware 
and  Ohio  valleys  to  Texas,  Florida,  and  Cuba;  occasional  in  Bermuda; 
accidental  in  Greenland  and  Europe. 

d.  Hylocichla  guttata  nanus  (ATJDUBON).    Dwarf  Hermit  Thrush.    [759c.] 

Turdus  nanus  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  V,  1839,  201.     ("Valleys  of  the 
Columbia  River.") 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  Transition  zones  from 
Cross  Sound,  Alaska,  south  to  the  coast  region  of  southern  British  Columbia; 
winters  south  to  California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico. 

p.    Hylocichla  guttata  slevini  GRINNELL.    Monterey  Hermit  Thrush.    [759d.J 

Hylocichla  aonalaschkce  slevini  GRINNELL,  Auk,  XVIII,  July,  1901,  258. 
(Near  Point  Sur,  Monterey  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  Zone  of  the  coast  belt  in  California  from 
northern  Trinity  County  to  southern  Monterey  County;  south  in  migration 
to  Lower  California  and  Sonora. 

/.     Hylocichla  guttata  sequoiensis  (BELDING).     Sierra  Hermit  Thrush.     [759  e.] 

Turdus  sequoiensis  BELDING,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  II,  1889,  18. 
(Big  Trees,  Calaveras  Co.,  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Boreal  zones  from  southern  British  Columbia  to  high 
mountains  of  southern  California;  south  in  migration  and  in  winter  to  Lower 
California,  western  Texas,  and  northern  Mexico. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  363 


[GENUS  TURDUS  LINN^US. 

Turdus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10, 1,  1758,  168.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Turdus  viscivorus  LINNAEUS  (Gray,  1840). 

Turdus  musicus  LINN^US.     Red-winged  Thrash.    [760.] 

Turdus  musicus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  169.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Europe  and  Asia.  Breeds  in  the  northern  countries; 
winters  from  the  British  Isles  and  southern  Europe  to  India  and 
Persia;  accidental  in  Greenland.] 


GENUS  PLANESTICUS  BONAPARTE. 

Planesticus  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXVIII,  1854,  3.  Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Turdus  lereboulleti  BONAPARTE  =  Turdus  jamaicensis 
GMELIN  (Baird,  1864). 

Planesticus  migratorius  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  North  America,  breeding  from  tree  limit  south  to  north- 
ern part  of  the  Gulf  States  and  Mexican  tableland. 

a.    Planesticus  migratorius  migratorius  (LINN^JUS).    Robin.    [761.] 

Turdus  migratorius  LINN.^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  292.  (Caro- 
lina to  Canada.) 

RANGE. —  North  America.  Breeds  in  Boreal,  Transition,  and  Upper  Austral 
zones  from  limit  of  trees  in  northwestern  Alaska,  northern  Mackenzie,  central 
Keewatin,  northern  Ungava,  and  Newfoundland  south  to  Cook  Inlet,  Alaska, 
central  Alberta,  southeastern  Wyoming,  Kansas,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  in  the  Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina;  winters 
from  central  Kansas,  Ohio  Valley,  and  New  Jersey  (irregularly  further  north) 
to  the  Gulf  coast  and  Florida,  and  to  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico;  accidental  in 
Bermuda  and  Cuba. 

6.    Planesticus  migratorius  propinquus  (RIDGWAY).    Western  Robin.    [76 la.] 

Turdus  propinguus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  Nuttall  Orn.  Club,  II,  Jan.,  1877,  9. 
(Laramie  Peak,  Wyoming.) 


364  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  mainly  in  Canadian  and 
Transition  zones  from  southeastern  Alaska,  southern  British  Columbia,  and 
central  Montana  south  to  southern  California,  Jalisco,  Oaxaca,  and  Vera  Cruz, 
and  from  the  Pacific  coast  east  to  the  border  of  the  Great  Plains;  winters 
from  southern  British  Columbia  and  Wyoming  south  to  the  highlands  of 
Guatemala. 

r.     Planesticus    migratorius    achnisteras    (BATCHELDER).     Southern   Robin. 
[7616.] 

Merula  migratoria  achrustera  BATCHELDER,  Proc.  N.  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  I, 
1900,  104.     (Raleigh,  N.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Southeastern  United  States.  Breeds  in  southern  part  of  Caro- 
linian Zone  from  southern  Illinois  and  Maryland  to  northern  Mississippi, 
northern  Georgia,  and  South  Carolina. 

Planesticus  confinis  (BAIRD).    San  Lucas  Robin.    [762.] 

Turdus  confinis  BAIRD,  Review  Amer.  Birds,  1864,  29.     (Todos  Santos, 
Cape  San  Lucas,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Breeds  in  Transition  zone  of  mountains  in  the  Cape 
Region,  Lower  California. 


GENUS  IXOREUS  BONAPARTE. 

Ixoreus  BONAPARTE,  Comptes  Rendus,  XXXVIII,  Jan.,  1854,  3  (note). 
Type,  by  orig.  desig.,  Turdus  ncevius  GMELIN. 

Ixoreus  nsevius  (GMELIN). 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America. 

a.    Ixoreus  nsevius  naevius  (GMELIN).    Varied  Thrush.    [763.] 

Turdus  ncevius  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  817.     (Nootka  Sound, 
Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  Coast.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and  upper  Transition  zones 
from  Yakutat  Bay,  Alaska,  south  to  Humboldt  County,  California;  winters 
from  extreme  southern  Alaska  south  to  Colorado  River  in  southern  California; 
accidental  in  Kansas,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Massachusetts,  Quebec,  and 
Guadalupe  Island. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  365 

b.    Ixoreus  nsevius  meruloides  (SWAINSON).    Northern  Varied  Thrush.    [763a.] 
Orpheus  meruloides   SWAINSON,  Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  IT,  1831  (1832),  187, 
pi.  38.     (Fort  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake,  Mackenzie.) 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Hudsonian  and  upper 
Canadian  zones  from  the  Yukon  Delta,  Kowak  Valley,  and  Mackenzie  Delta 
south  to  Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska,  and  southern  part  of  Mackenzie  Valley, 
and  south  in  mountains  through  eastern  British  Columbia  to  northwestern 
Montana  and  northeastern  Oregon;  winters  mainly  in  the  interior  of  Cali- 
fornia south  to  Los  Angeles  County. 


[GENUS  CYANOSYLVIA  BREHM. 

Cyano-sylvia  BREHM,  Isis,  XXI,  1828,  920.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Mota- 
tilla  suecica  LINNJEUS. 

Cyanosylvia  suecica  (LINNAEUS). 

RANGE. —  Northern  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Breeds  within  the 
Arctic  Circle  from  the  Scandinavian  Peninsula  to  Siberia  and  south- 
ward in  the  higher  parts  of  central  Asia;  winters  in  Abyssinia  and 
southern  Asia;  casual  in  western  Alaska. 

a.  [Cyanosylvia  suecica  suecica.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Cyanosylvia   suecica  robusta   (BUTURLIN).    Siberian  Red-spotted  Blue- 

throat.     [764.] 

Cyanecula  suecica  robusta  BUTURLIN,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  XV,  1907,  79. 
(Kolyma  Delta,  Siberia.) 

RANGE. —  Siberia,  breeding  from  the  Tunguska  Valley  eastward,  and  south 
to  China  in  winter;  casual  in  western  Alaska.] 


GENUS  SAXICOLA  BECHSTEIN. 

Saxicola  BECHSTEIN,  Orn.  Taschenb.   Deutschl.,  I,   1802,  216.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Motacilla  cenanthe  LINN^US  (Gray,  1841). 

Saxicola  oenanthe  (LiNN^us). 

RANGE. —  Northern  Europe  and  Asia,  Alaska,  Greenland,  and 
northeastern  Arctic  America;  south  in  winter  to  Africa  and  southern 
Asia. 


366  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

a.  Saxicola  oenanthe  oenanthe  (LINNAEUS).     Wheatear.     [765.] 
Motacilla  oenanthe  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  186.     (Sweden.) 

RANGE. —  Northern  part  of  Northern  Hemisphere.  Breeds  from  British 
Isles,  Scandinavian  Peninsula,  central  Europe,  and  high  mountains  of  southern 
Europe  east  to  northern  and  east  central  Alaska,  south  to  mouth  of  the  Yukon 
and  the  Pribilof  Islands;  winters  southward  to  India  and  eastern  Africa. 

b.  Sazicola  oenanthe  leucdrhoa  (GMELIN).    Greenland  Wheatear.    [765a.] 

Motacilla  leucorhoa  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  ii,  1789,  966.     (Senegal.) 

RANGE. —  Northeastern  Arctic  America.  Breeds  in  Arctic  Zone  from  Elles- 
mere  Land  and  Boothia  Peninsula  east  to  Greenland  and  Iceland,  and  south 
to  northern  Ungava;  winters  in  West  Africa,  migrating  through  the  British 
Isles  and  France;  casual  in  migration  to  Keewatin,  Ontario,  New  Brunswick, 
Quebec,  New  York,  Bermuda,  Louisiana,  and  Cuba. 


GENUS  SI  ALIA  SWAINSON. 

Sialia  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  N.  S.,  I,  May,   1827,  369.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Sialia  azurea  SWAINSON  =  Motacilla  sialis  LINNAEUS. 

Sialia  sialis  (LINNJEUS). 

RANGE. —  Temperate  eastern  North  America,  west  to  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Arizona  and  south  to  the  highlands 
of  Guatemala. 

a.    Sialia  sialis  sialis  (LINNAEUS).    Bluebird.    [766.] 

Motacilla  sialis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.   Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  187.     (Carolina, 
Virginia,  and  Maryland.) 

RANGE. —  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  lower  Canadian  to  Lower 
Austral  zone  from  southern  Manitoba,  northern  Ontario,  southern  Quebec, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  southern  Texas,  the  Gulf  coast,  and  southern 
Florida;  casually  west  to  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Montana,  Wyoming, 
and  Colorado;  winters  most  commonly  south  of  the  Ohio  Valley  and  the 
Middle  States;  resident  in  Bermuda;  accidental  in  Cuba. 

6.    Sialia  sialis  fulva  BREWSTER.    Azure  Bluebird.    [766a.] 

Sialia  sialis  fulva  BREWSTER,  Auk,  II,  Jan.,   1885,  85.     (Santa  Rita 
Mountains,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Arizona  and  Mexico.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition 
Zone  from  the  mountains  of  southern  Arizona  south  to  Jalisco,  Oaxaca,  and 
Vera  Cruz;  winters  south  to  northern  Guatemala. 


ORDER   PASSERES.  367 

Sialia  mexicana  SWAINSON. 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America  from  British  Columbia  south  to 
the  highlands  of  Mexico. 

a.  [Sialia  mexicana  mexicana.     Extralimital.] 

b.  Sialia  mexicana  occidentals  J.  K.  TOWNSEND.     Western  Bluebird.     [767.] 

Sialia  occidentalis  TOWNSEND,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VII,  ii,  1837, 
188.     (Plains  of  the  Columbia  River.) 

RANGE. —  Pacific  coast.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  Zone  from  southern 
British  Columbia  east  to  northern  Idaho  and  western  Montana,  and  south 
to  the  San  Jacinto  Mountains,  southern  California;  winters  south  to  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California. 

c.  Sialia  mexicana  bairdi  RIDGWAY.    Chestnut-backed   Bluebird.    [767a.] 

Sialia  mexicana  bairdi  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  XI,  April,  1894,  151,  157.      (Cac- 
tus Pass,  20  miles  east  of  Kingman,  Mojave  Co.,  Arizona.) 

RANGE. —  Southern  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Breeds  mainly  in  Transi- 
tion Zone  from  Utah,  Colorado,  and  western  Texas  south  to  Durango  and 
Zacatecas;  winters  from  southern  Utah  and  southern  Colorado  south  to 
Sonora  and  Zacatecas;  accidental  in  Iowa. 

d.  Sialia  mexicana  anabeiae  ANTHONY.    San  Pedro  Bluebird.    [7676.] 
Sialia  mexicana  anabelcB  ANTHONY,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  II,  Oct., 

1889,  79.     (San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  Lower  California.) 

RANGE. —  Mountains  of  southern  California  and  northern  Lower  California. 
Breeds  mainly  in  Transition  Zone  from  the  mountains  of  southern  Los  Angeles 
County  to  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

Sialia  currucoides  (BECHSTEIN).     Mountain  Bluebird.    [768.] 

Motacilla  s.  Sylvia  currucoides  BECHSTEIN,  in  LATHAM,  Allg.  Ueb.  Vogel, 
III,  ii,  1798,  546,  pi.  121.     ("  Virginien.") 

RANGE. —  Western  North  America.  Breeds  in  Canadian  and 
locally  in  upper  Transition  Zone  from  southern  Yukon,  northwestern 
British  Columbia,  central  Alberta,  central  Saskatchewan,  and  south- 
western Manitoba  south  to  mountains  of  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and 
Chihuahua,  and  from  the  Cascade  Range  and  Sierra  Nevada  to  south- 
western North  Dakota  and  western  Nebraska;  winters  from  Cali- 
fornia and  Colorado  south  to  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California, 
and  Sonora,  and  east  to  Kansas,  Oklahoma,  and  Texas;  casual  at 
Great  Slave  Lake;  accidental  at  Fort  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake. 


HYPOTHETICAL  LIST.1 


FAMILY  ALCID-ffi. 

Cepphus  motzfeldi  (BENICKEN).     Black-winged  Guillemot.    [2.] 
Uria  motzfeldi  BENICKEN,  Isis,  XV,  1824,  889.     (Greenland  Seas.) 

North  American,  but  its  specific  validity  not  satisfactorily  estab- 
lished. (Cf.  STEJNEGER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VII,  1884,  210; 
Water  Birds  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  497,  498). 


FAMILY  LARID-ffi. 
GENUS  CREAGRUS  BONAPARTE. 

Creagrus  BONAPARTE,  Naumannia,   1854,  213.     Type,  by  orig.  desig., 
Larus  furcatus  NEBOUX. 

Creagrus  furcatus  (NEBODX).    Swallow-tailed  Gull.    [4.] 

Larus  furcatus  NEBOUX,  Zool.  Voy.  Venus,  Atlas,  1842,  pi.  10.     ("Mon- 
terey," California.) 

In  all  probability  erroneously  accredited  to  North  America. 

1  Consisting  of  species  which  have  been  recorded  as  North  American,  but  whose  status 
as  North  American  birds  is  doubtful,  either  from  lack  of  positive  evidence  of  their  occur- 
rence within  the  prescribed  limits  of  the  present  Check-List,  or  from  absence  of  satis- 
factory proof  of  their  validity  as  species. 


370  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  DIOMEDEID^E. 

Diomed£a  Sxulans  LINNAEUS.     Wandering  Albatross.    [4.1.] 

Diomedea  exulans  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  132.     (Cape  of 
Good  Hope  region.) 

The  North  American  records  are  unsatisfactory. 


FAMILY  PROCELLARIID-ffi. 

Puffinus  kuhli  (BoiE).     Cinereous  Shearwater.    [5.] 

Procellaria  kuhlii  BOIE,  Isis,  XXVIII,  1835,  257.     (Coast  of  Corsica.) 

An  Eastern  Atlantic  species,  of  which  no  American  specimens  are 
known  to  exist  in  collections. 

Ocean6droma  hdrnbyi  (GRAY).     Hornby's  Petrel.    [6.] 

Thalassidroma  harribyi  GRAY,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1853  (1854),  62. 
("North-west  coast  of  America.") 

A  very  distinct  species,  of  which  only  one  specimen  has  been  ob- 
tained, the  alleged  locality  being  the  "north-west  coast  of  America." 


FAMILY  ANATIDJE. 

Anas  rubripes  tristis  BREWSTER.     Red-legged  Black  duck. 
Anas  rubripes  tristis  BREWSTER,  Auk,  XXVI,  April,  1909,  176. 

As  the  validity  of  this  form  has  been  questioned,  it  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  the  Hypothetical  List  pending  further  investigation. 

FAMILY  SCOLOPACIDJE. 

Pisobia  codperi  (BAIRD).     Cooper's  Sandpiper.    [11.] 

Tringa  cooperi  BAIRD,  Rep.  Expl.  &  Surv.  R.  R.  Pac.,  IX,  1858,  716. 
(Long  Island,  N.  Y.) 


HYPOTHETICAL   LIST.  371 

Known  only  from  the  type  specimen,  taken  on  Long  Island,  New 
York,  in  May,  1833,  and  still  extant  in  the  National  Museum.  The 
status  of  the  species  is  in  doubt. 

Pisobia  ruficollis  (PALLAS)  .     Eastern  Least  Stint.    [241.1.] 

Trynga  ruficoUis  PALLAS,  Reise  Russ.  Reichs,  III,  1776,  700.     (Kulus- 

sutai,  Siberia.) 

The  record  of  occurrence  of  this  species  at  Nome,  Alaska  (Condor, 
XI,  1909,  173)  has  been  questioned,  and  the  only  other  North 
American  record  (Condor,  XII,  1910,  44)  is  too  indefinite  to  be  satis- 
factory. 

NumSnius  arquatus   (LiNN^us).     European  Curlew.    [11.1.] 

Scolopax  arquata  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  145.     (Sweden.) 

The  evidence  of  its  capture  on  Long  Island,  New  York,  is  not  con- 
sidered satisfactory. 

Totanus  tetanus  (LINNJSUS).     Common  Redshank.    [11.2.] 

Scolopax  totanus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  145.     (Sweden.) 

The  Hudson  Bay  record  (Fauna  Bor.-Am.,  II,  1831,  391),  the 
only  North  American  record  for  the  species,  is  too  vague  to  be  taken 
as  conclusive  evidence. 


FAMILY  CATHARTIDJE. 

GENUS  SARCORAMPHUS  DUMERIL. 

Sarcoramphus   DUMERIL,  Zool.  Analytique,  1806,    32.     Type,    by  subs. 

desig.,  Vultur  papa  LINISLEUS  (Vigors,  1825). 

Sarcoramphus  papa  (LINNAEUS).     King  Vulture.    [12.] 

Vultur  papa  LINN^US,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  86.     (Mexico?) 

The  record  of  its  supposed  occurrence  in  Arizona  (CouES,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  VI,  1881,  p.  248)  remains  unconfirmed. 


372  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


FAMILY  BUTEONIDJE. 

Buteo  codperi  CASSIN.     Cooper's  Henhawk.    [14.] 

Buteo  cooperi  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1856,  253.     (Near 
Mountain  View,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  California.) 

Only  known  from  the  type  specimen,  obtained  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Cooper, 
near  Mountain  View,  Santa  Clara  County,  California,  in  October, 
1856.  The  validity  of  the  species  is  in  doubt;  possibly  the  light  phase 
of  B.  harlani.  (Of.  RIDGWAY,  Auk,  I,  1884,  253,  254;  II,  1885,  165, 
166.) 


FAMILY  ICTERID-ffl. 

Icterus  icterus  (LiNN^us).    Troupial.    [16.3.] 

Oriolus  icterus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  12,  I,  1766,  161.     (Cayenne.) 

The  only  alleged  North  American  occurrence  of  this  South  American 
species  is  Audubon's  record  for  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  The 
only  specimen  stated  to  have  been  taken  may  have  been  an  escaped 
cage  bird. 

FAMILY  FRINGILLIDJE. 

Acanthis  brSwsteri  (RIDGWAY).    Brewster's  Linnet.    [17.] 

jEgiothus  (flavirostris  var.)  brewsterii  RIDGWAY,  Amer.  Nat.,  VI,  July, 
1872,  434.     (Waltham,  Mass.) 

Known  only  from  the  type  specimen,  taken  at  Waltham,  Massa- 
chusetts, November  1,  1870.  Possibly  a  hybrid  between  Acanthis 
linaria  and  Spinus  pinus. 

Spiza  tdwnsendi  (AUDUBON).     Townsend's  Bunting.    [18.] 

Emberiza  townsendii  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biog.,  II,  1834,  183.     (New  Garden, 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.) 

The  type  specimen,  taken  May  11,  1833,  at  New  Garden,  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  by  Mr.  J.  K.  Townsend,  remains  unique.  Its 
peculiarities  cannot  be  accounted  for  by  hybridism,  nor  probably  by 
individual  variation. 


HYPOTHETICAL   LIST.  373 


FAMILY  TANGARID-ffi. 

Piranga  riibriceps  GRAY.     Gray's  Tanager.     [18.1.] 

Pyranga  rubriceps  GRAY,  Genera   Birds,  II,   1844,  [364],  pi.  89.     (Not 
given  =  Colombia.) 

A  specimen  of  this  exclusively  South  American  species  has  been 
recorded  as  taken  at  Dos  Pueblos,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California, 
but  it  was  in  all  probability  an  escaped  cage  bird. 


FAMILY  MNIOTILTID^. 

Dendroica     (Perissoglossa  ?)     carbonata     (AUDUBON).      Carbonated 
Warbler.     [23.] 

Sylvia  carbonata  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  I,  1829,  pi.  60.  (Near 
Henderson,  Kentucky.) 

Known  only  from  Audubon's  plate  and  description  of  two  speci- 
mens killed  near  Henderson,  Kentucky,  in  May,  1811. 

Dendroica  montana  (WILSON).     Blue  Mountain  Warbler.    [24.] 

Sylvia  montana  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  V,  1812,  113,  pi.  44,  fig.  2.  (Near 
the  Blue  Mountains,  Virginia.) 

Known  only  from  the  works  of  Wilson  and  Audubon.  Taken  near 
the  Blue  Mountains  of  Virginia.  Not  yet  satisfactorily  identified  with 
any  other  species. 

Wils6nia  (?)  microce'phala  (RIDGWAY).    Small-headed  Warbler.    [25.] 

Sylvania  microcephala  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  VIII,  1885,  354. 
(=  Muscicapa  minuta  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  VI,  1812,  62,  pi.  50, 
fig.  5,  nee  GMELIN,  1789.) 

Known  only  from  the  works  of  Wilson  and  Audubon.  Claimed  to 
have  been  taken  in  New  Jersey  and  Kentucky. 


374  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


FAMILY  SYLVIID-ffi. 

Regulus  cuvieri  AUDUBON.     Cuvier's  Kinglet.     [26.] 

Regulus  cuvierii  AUDUBON,  Birds  Amer.  (folio),  I,  1829,  pi.  55.     (Fat- 
land  Ford,  about  10  miles  west  of  Norristown,  Pa.) 

Known  only  from  Audubon's  description  and  figure  of  the  original 
specimen,  killed  in  June,  1812,  on  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  River, 
in  Pennsylvania. 


THE 

FOSSIL  BIEDS  OF  NOETH  AMEEICA. 


SUBCLASS  SAURURJE. 
ORDER  ORNITHOPAPPI. 

FAMILY  ARCHJEOPTERYGIDJE. 

GENUS  LAOPTERYX  MARSH. 

Laopteryx  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Soi.,  ser.  3,  XXI,  April,   1881,  341. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Laopteryx  prisons  MARSH. 

Laopteryx  prisons  MARSH.     [1.] 

Laopteryx  prisons  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XXI,  1881,  341- 
Jurassic;   Wyoming. 


SUBCLASS  ORNITHUR.E. 

SUPERORDER  ODONTORM^B. 

ORDER  PTEROPAPPI. 

FAMILY  ICHTHYORNITHID-ffi. 
GENUS  ICHTHYORNIS  MARSH. 

Ichthyornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  Nov.,  1872,  344.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Ichthyornis  dispar  MARSH. 


376  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Ichthyomis  agilis  (MARSH).     [13.] 

Graculavus   agilis   MARSH,   Amer.    Journ.    Sci.,    ser.    3,   V,    1873,   230. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Ichthyomis  anceps  (MARSH).    [14.] 

Graculavus  anceps  MARSH,  Amer.   Journ.   Sci.,  ser.   3,  III,    1872,   364. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Ichthyomis  dispar  MARSH.    [12.] 

Ichthyomis  dispar  MARSH,   Amer.   Journ.   Sci.,   ser.   3,  IV,   1872,  344. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Ichthyomis  lentus  (MARSH).     [15.] 

Graculavus  lentus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XIV,    1877,    253. 

Cretaceous;  Texas. 

Ichthyomis  te"ner  MARSH.    [16.] 

Ichthyomis   tener  MARSH,    Odontornithes,    1880,    198,    pi.    xxx,    fig.    8. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Ichthyomis  validus  MARSH.    [17.] 

Ichthyomis  validus  MARSH,  Odontornithes,  1880,  198,  pi.  xxx,  figs.  11-14. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Ichthyomis  victor  MARSH.    [18.] 

Ichthyomis   victor   MARSH,    Amer.    Journ.  Sci.,   ser.  3,  XI,   1876,  511. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 


FAMILY  APATORNITHID^!. 
GENUS  APATORNIS  MARSH. 

Apatomis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  V,  Jan.  21,  1873,  162.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Ichthyomis  celer  MARSH. 


FOSSIL  BIRDS.  377 

Apat6mis  celer  (MARSH).     [2.] 

Ichthyornis  celer  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  V,  1873,  74. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 


SUPERORDER  ODONTOL(LE. 
ORDER  DROM^EOPAPPI. 

FAMILY  HESPERORNITHIDJE. 
GENUS  HESPERORNIS  MARSH. 

Hesperornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  III,  1872,  360.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Hesperornis  regalis  MARSH. 

Hesper6rnis  crassipes  (MARSH).    [10.] 

Lestornis  crassipes  MARSH,   Amer.  Journ.   Sci.,  ser.  3,  XI,   1876,  509. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

Hesperornis  regalis  MARSH.    [9.] 

Hesperornis  regalis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.   Sci.,  ser.  3,  III,   1872,  360. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

GENUS  HAR6ERIA  LUCAS. 

Hargeria  LUCAS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXVI,  1903,  552.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Hesperornis  gracilis  MARSH. 

Hargeria  gracilis  (MARSH).    [11.] 

Hesperornis  gracilis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XI,  1876,  510. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 


378  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  BAPTORNITHIDJE. 

GENUS  BAPTORNIS  MARSH. 

Baptornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XIV,  1877,  86.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Baptornis  advenus  MARSH. 

Baptornis  advenus  MARSH.     [3.] 

Baptornis  advenus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XIV,  1877,  86. 

Cretaceous  (Niobrara);  Kansas. 

GENUS  CONIORNIS  MARSH. 

Coniornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XLV,  1893,  82.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Coniornis  altus  MARSH. 

Coniornis  altus  MARSH.    [6.] 

Coniornis  altus   MARSH,   Amer.   Journ.    Sci.,   ser.   3,    XLV,    1893,  82. 

Cretaceous;  Montana. 

SUPERORDER  DROM^OGNATH^. 
ORDER  GASTORNITHES. 

FAMILY  GASTORNITHIDJE. 
GENUS  DIATRYMA  COPE. 

Diatryma  COPE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1876,  11.     Type,  by  mono- 
typy, Diatryma  gigantea  COPE. 

Diatryma  gigantea  COPE.    [25.] 

Diatryma  gigantea  COPE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1876,  11. 

Eocene;  New  Mexico. 


FOSSIL   BIRDS.  379 


GENUS  BARORNIS  MARSH. 

Barornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XL VIII,  1894,  344.     Type, 
by  monotypy,  Barornis  regens  MARSH. 

Barornis  regens  MARSH.     [26.] 

Barornis  regens  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XL VIII,  1894,  344. 

Eocene;  New  Jersey. 


SUPERORDER  EUORNITHES. 

ORDER  PYGOPODES. 

SUBORDER  CEPPHI. 

FAMILY  ALCIDJE. 
GENUS  URIA  BRISSON. 

Una  affinis  (MARSH).     [28.] 

Catarractes  affinis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  259. 
Pleistocene;  New  Jersey. 

Una  antiqua  (MARSH).     [27.] 

Catarractes  antiquus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  213. 
Miocene;  North  Carolina. 

GENUS  MANCALLA  LUCAS. 

Mancalla  LUCAS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXIV,  1901,  133.     Type,  by 
orig.  desig.,  Mancalla  californiensis  LUCAS. 

Mancalla  californiensis  LUCAS. 

Mancalla  californiensis  LUCAS,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXIV,  1901,  133. 
Upper  Miocene,  or  Lower  Pliocene;  California. 


380  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

ORDER  LONGIPENNES. 

FAMILY  LARID-ffl. 

GENUS  LARUS  LINNAEUS. 

Larus  oregonus  SHUFELDT.    [30.] 

Larus  oregonus  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,   IX, 
1892,  398,  pi.  xv,  fig.  3. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

Larus  robustus  SHUFELDT.    [29.] 

Larus  robustus  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1892, 
398,  pi.  xv,  figs.  1-2. 

Pleistocene;   Oregon. 

ORDER  TUBINARES. 

FAMILY  PROCELLARIID-ffl. 
GENUS  PUFFINUS  BRISSON. 

Puffinus  conradi  MARSH.    [31.] 

Puffinus  conradi  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  212. 

Miocene;  Maryland. 

ORDER  STEGANOPODES. 

FAMILY  SULIDJE. 
GENUS  SULA  BRISSON. 

Sula  loxostyla  COPE.    [32.] 

Sula  loxostyla  COPE,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.,  N.  S.,  XIV,  1870,  236, 
fig.  53. 

Miocene;   Maryland. 


FOSSIL   BIRDS.  381 

FAMILY  PHALACROCORACIDJE. 
GENUS  PHALAGROCORAX  BRISSON. 

Phalacrocorax  idahensis  (MARSH).     [33.] 

Graculus  idahensis  MARSH.  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  216. 

Pleistocene;  Idaho. 

Phalacrocorax  macropus  (COPE).    [34.] 

Graculus  macropus  COPE,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  No.  2,  1878, 
386. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

GENUS  GRACULAVUS  MARSH. 

Graculavus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  III,   1872,  363.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Graculavus  velox  MARSH  (Hay,  1902). 

Graculavus  ptimilus  MARSH.    [8.] 

Graculavus  pumilus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  III,  1872,  364. 

Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

Oraculavus  v§lox  MARSH.    [7.] 

Graculavus  velox    MARSH,   Amer.   Journ.   Sci.,  ser.   3,   III,    1872,   363. 
Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

FAMILY  PELECANID2E. 

GENUS  CYPHORNIS  COPE. 

Cyphornis  COPE,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1894,  451. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Cyphornis  magnus  COPE. 


Cyphornis  magnus  COPE. 

Cyphornis  magnus  COP] 
451. 

Eocene?;  Vancouver  Island. 


Cyphornis  magnus  COPE,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1894, 
451. 


382  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

ORDER  ANSERES. 

FAMILY  ANATIDJE. 
GENUS  ANSER  BRISSON. 


Anser  condoni  SHUFELDT.     [35.] 

Anser  condoni  SHUFE 
406,  pi.  xvi,  figs.  1 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


Anser  condoni  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1892, 
406,  pi.  xvi,  figs.  19,  26,  27. 


GENUS  BRANT  A  SCOPOLI. 

Branta  hypsibata  (COPE).     [36.] 

Anser  hypsibatus  COPE,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  No.  2,  1878, 
387. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

Branta  propinqua  SHUFELDT.     [37.] 

Branta  propinqua  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX, 
1892,  407,  pi.  xv,  fig.  17. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


GENUS  OLOR  WAGLER. 


Olor  paloregdnus  (COPE).    [38.] 

Cygnus  paloregonus  ( 
1878,  388. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


Cygnus  paloregonus  COPE,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  No.  2, 

1878,  388. 


FOSSIL   BIRDS.  383 


GENUS  LAORNIS  MARSH. 

Laornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  206.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Laornis  edvardsianus  MARSH. 

Laornis  edvardsianus  MARSH.     [19.] 

Laornis  edvardsianus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  206. 

Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 


ORDER  ODONTOGLOSS^. 

FAMILY  PHCENICOPTERIDJE. 

GENUS  PHCENICOPTERUS  LINNJEUS. 

Phcenicopterus  copei  SHUFELDT.     [39.] 

Phcenicopterus  copei  SHUFELDT,  Jouni.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2, 
IX,  1892,  410,  pi.  xv,  figs.  11,  13;  pi.  xvii,  figs.  28,  29,  38. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


ORDER  HERODIONES. 
SUBORDER  HERODIL 

FAMILY  ARDEID-ffl. 
GENUS  ARDEA  LINNAEUS. 


Ardea  paloccidentalis  SHUFELDT.     [40.] 

Ardea  paloccidentalis 
IX,  1892,  411,  pi.  3 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


Ardea  paloccidentalis  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2, 
IX,  1892,  411,  pi.  xvii,  fig.  31. 


384  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

ORDER  PALUDICOL^E. 

SUBORDER  GRUES. 

FAMILY  GRT7IDJE. 

GENUS  GRUS  PALLAS. 

Grus  haydeni  MARSH.    [41.] 

Grus  haydeni  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  214. 
Pleistocene  ? ;  Nebraska. 

Grus  proavus  MARSH.    [42.] 

Grus  proavus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  261. 
Pleistocene;  New  Jersey. 

GENUS  ALETORNIS  MARSH. 

Aletornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  256.     Type,  by 
subs,  desig.,  Aletornis  nobilis  MARSH  (Hay,  1902). 

Alet6mis  bSllus  MARSH.    [48.] 

Aletornis  bellus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  258. 

Eocene  (Bridger);  Wyoming. 

Aletornis  gracilis  MARSH.    [47.] 

Aletornis  gracilis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  258. 

Eocene  (Bridger);  Wyoming. 

Aletomis  ndbilis  MARSH.     [44.] 

Aletornis  nobilis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  256. 

Eocene  (Bridger);   Wyoming. 


FOSSIL   BIRDS.  385 

Aletomis  pernix  MARSH.     [45.] 

Aletornis  pernix  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  256. 
Eocene  (Bridger);   Wyoming. 

Aletornis  venustus  MARSH.     [46.] 

Aletornis  venustus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,   1872,  257. 
Eocene  (Bridger);  Wyoming. 

SUBORDER  RALLI. 

FAMILY  RALLIDJE. 

GENUS  GREGGOIDES  SHUFELDT. 

Creccoides  SHUFELDT,  in  COPE,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.,  XXX,  1892,  125. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Creccoides  osbornii  SHUFELDT. 

Creccoides  osborni  SHUFELDT. 

Creccoides  osbornii  SHUFELDT,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.,  XXX,   1892, 
125. 

Pleistocene;  Texas. 


GENUS  TELMATORNIS  MARSH. 

Telmatornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  210.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Telmatornis  priscus  MARSH  (Hay,  1902). 

Telmatornis  affinis  MARSH.     [24.] 

Telmatornis  affinis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  211. 

Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

Telmatornis  priscus  MARSH.     [23.] 

Telmatornis  priscus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  210. 
Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 


386  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


GENUS  FULICA  LINN-EUS. 

Fulica  minor  SHUFELDT.     [43.] 

Fulica  minor  SHITFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1892, 
412,  pi.  xvii,  fig.  32. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


ORDER  LIMICOL.E. 

FAMILY  SCOLOPACIDJE. 
GENUS  PALJEOTRINGA  MARSH. 

'Palceotringa  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  208.     Type, 
by  subs,  desig.,  Palceotringa  littoralis  MARSH  (Hay,  1902). 

Palseotringa  littoralis  MARSH.    [20.] 

Palceotringa  littoralis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  208. 
Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

Palaeotringa  vagans  MARSH.    [21.] 

Palceotringa  vagans  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  III,  1872,  365. 
Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

Palseotringa  v£tus  MARSH.     [22.] 

Palceotringa  vetus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  XLIX,  1870,  209. 
Cretaceous;  New  Jersey. 

FAMILY  CHARADRIIDJE. 

GENUS  GHARADRIUS  LINN^US. 

Charadrius  sheppardianus  COPE.    [49.] 

Charadrius  sheppardianus  COPE,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  VI, 
No.  1,  1881,  83. 

Eocene;  Colorado. 

A 


FOSSIL  BIRDS.  387 

ORDER  GALLINJE. 

SUBORDER  PHASIANI. 

FAMILY  TETRAONIDJE. 

GENUS  PEDKECETES  BAIRD. 

Pedicecetes  lucasi  SHUFELDT.     [51.] 

Pedioccetes  lucasi  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX, 
1892,  414,  pi.  xvii,  fig.  30. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

Pedicecetes  nanus  SHUFELDT.     [52.] 

Pedioccetes  nanus  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX, 
1892,  414,  pi.  xvii,  figs.  36,  37. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


GENUS  PAL2EOTETRIX  SHUFELDT. 

Palceotetrix  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1892, 
415.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Palceotetrix  gilli  SHUFELDT. 

Palseotetrix  gilli  SHUFELDT.     [50.] 

Palceotetrix  gilli  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  eer.  2,  IX, 
1892,  415,  pi.  xvii,  fig.  34. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


FAMILY  PHASIANID-ffi. 
GENUS  PAVO  LINNAEUS. 

Pavo  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  I,  1758,  156.     Type,  by  subs,  desig., 
Pavo  cristatus  LINN^US  (Gray,  1840). 


388  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

Pavo  californicus  L.  H.  MILLER. 

Paw  californicus  MILLER,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.,  Bull.  Dept.  Geol.,  V,  No. 
19,  Aug.  14,  1909,  285,  pi.  25. 

Quaternary  asphalt  beds  at  Rancho  La  Brea,  near  Los  Angeles, 
California. 


FAMILY  MELEAGBJDJE. 
GENUS  MELEAGRIS  LINNAEUS. 

Meleagris  antiqua  MARSH.    [53.] 

Meleagris  antiquus   MARSH,   Amer.   Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3.  II,    1871,    126. 
Oligocene  (White  River);  Oregon. 

Meleagris  celer  MARSH.    [55.] 

Meleagris  celer  MARSH,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  261. 

Pleistocene;  New  Jersey. 

Meleagris  superba  COPE.    [54.] 

Meleagris  superbus  COPE,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.,  N.  S.,  XIV,  Pt.  I, 
1870,  239. 

Pleistocene;  New  Jersey. 


SUBORDER  PENELOPES. 
FAMILY  GALLINULOIDID^. 

GENUS  GALLINULOIDES  EASTMAN. 

Gallinuloides  EASTMAN,  Geol.  Mag.,  Feb  ,  1900,  54.     Type,  by  monotypy, 
Gallinuloidcs  wyomingensis  EASTMAN. 

Gallinuloides  wyomingensis  EASTMAN. 

Gallinuloides  wyomingensis  EASTMAN,  Geol.  Mag.,  Feb.,  1900,  54. 

Eocene  (Bridger,  Green  River  Shales) ;   Wyoming. 


FOSSIL  BIRDS.  389 

ORDER  RAPTORES. 
SUBORDER  SARCORAMPHI. 

FAMILY  CATEARTIDJE. 
GENUS  PAL^EOBORUS  COUES. 

Palceoborus  COUES,  Key  N.  A.  Birds,  ed.  2,  1884,  822.     Type,  by  orig. 
desig.,  Cathartes  umbrosus  COPE. 

Palseoborus  umbrosus  (COPE).     [56.] 

Cathartes  umbrosus  COPE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1874,  151. 
Pliocene;  New  Mexico. 

GENUS  CATHARISTA  VIEILLOT. 

Catharista  occidentalis  L.  H.  MILLER. 

Catharista  occidentalis  MILLER,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.,  Bull.  Dept.  Geol.,  V, 
No.  21,  Sept.  10,  1909,  306. 

Quaternary  asphalt  beds  at   Rancho  La  Brea,  near  Los  Angeles, 
California. 

SUBORDER  FALCONES. 
FAMILY  TERATORNITHIDJE  ? 

GENUS  TERATORNIS  MILLER. 

Teratornis  MILLER,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.— Bull.  Dept.  Geol.,  V,  No.  21,  Sept. 
10,  1909,  307.     Type,  by  monotypy,  Teratornis  merriami  MILLER. 

Teratornis  merriami  L.  H.  MILLER. 

Teratornis  merriami   MILLER,   Univ.   Calif.   Publ.,    Bull.    Dept.   Geol., 
V,  No.  21,  Sept,  10,  1909,  307,  text  figs.  1-9. 

Quaternary  asphalt   beds  at  Rancho  La  Brea,  near  Los  Angeles, 
California. 


390  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  BUTEONIDJE. 
GENUS  AQUILA  BRISSON. 

Aquila  dananus  MARSH.     [58.] 

Aquila,  danana  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  II,  1871,  125. 

Pliocene?;  Nebraska. 

Aquila  pliogryps  SHUFELDT.     [59.] 

Aquila  pliogryps  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX, 
1892,  416,  pi.  xvii,  fig.  33. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

Aquila  sodalis  SHUFELDT.     [60.] 

Aquila  sodalis  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX,  1892, 
417,  pi.  xv,  fig.  5. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


SUBORDER  STRIGES. 

FAMILY  STRIGIDJE. 
GENUS  BUBO  DUMERIL. 

Bubo  leptdsteus  MARSH.    [57.] 

Bubo  leptosteus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  II,  1871,  126. 
Eocene  (Bridger);  Wyoming. 


FOSSIL  BIRDS.  391 

ORDER  PICI. 

GENUS  UINTOENIS  MARSH. 

Uintornis  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  259.     Type,  by 
monotypy,  Uintornis  lucaris  MARSH. 

Uintomis  lucaris  MARSH.     [61.] 

Uintornis  lucaris  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  IV,  1872,  259. 

Eocene  (Bridger);  Wyoming. 


ORDER  PASSERES. 

FAMILY  CORVID-ffl. 
GENUS  CORVUS  LINNAEUS. 

Oorvus  annectens  SHUFELDT.    [62.] 

Corvus  annectens  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2,  IX, 
1892,  419,  pi.  xv,  figs.  14-16. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 

FAMILY  ICTERID-ffl. 
GENUS  EUPHAGUS  CASSIN. 

Euphagus  affinis  (SHUFELDT).    [63.] 

Scolecophagus  affinis  SHUFELDT,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ser.  2, 
IX,  1892,  418,  pi.  xv,  fig.  10. 

Pleistocene;  Oregon. 


392  CHECK-LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

FAMILY  FRINGILLIDJE? 
GENUS  PALJEOSPIZA  ALLEN. 

Palceospiza  ALLEN,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  No.  2,  1878,  443. 
Type,  by  monotypy,  Palceospiza  bella  ALLEN. 

Palaeospiza  bella  ALLEN.     [64.] 

Palceospiza  bella  ALLEN,  Bull.  Geol.  &  Geog.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  No.  2,  1878, 
443,  pi.  i,  figs.  1,  2. 

Eocene?  (Amyzon  Shales);  Colorado. 

INCERTJE  SEDIS.1 

GENUS  CIMOLOPTEEYX  MARSH. 

Cimolopteryx  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XXXVIII,  1889,  83, 
footnote.  Type,  by  subs,  desig.,  Cimolopteryx  rarus  MARSH  (Hay, 
1902). 

Cimolopteryx  rara  MARSH.     [4.] 

Cimolopteryx  rarus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XXXVIII,  1889, 
83,  footnote. 

Cretaceous  (Laramie);  Wyoming. 

Cimolopteryx  rettisa  MARSH.    [5.] 

Cimolopteryx  retusus  MARSH,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  ser.  3,  XLIV,  1892,  175. 

Cretaceous  (Laramie);  Wyoming. 

i  GENUS  ALABAMORNIS  ABEL. 

Aldbamornis  ABEL,  Centralbl.  ftlr  Min.,  1906,  456.  Type,  by  monotypy,  Alabam- 
ornis  gigantea  ABEL. 

Alabamornis  giganteus  ABEL. 

Alabamornis  gigantea  ABEL,  Centralbl.  fur  Min.,  1906,  456,  figs.  3-4. 
This  proves  to  be  a  Zeuglodon,  not  a  bird. 


FOSSIL  BIRDS.  393 


GENUS  PALJEONORNIS  EMMONS. 

Palceonornis  EMMONS,   Amer.   Geology,   Pt.   IV,    1857,   148.     Type,   by 
monotypy,  Palceonornis  struthionoides  EMMONS. 

Palaeonornis  struthionoides  EMMONS. 

Palceonornis  struthionoides  EMMONS,  Amer.  Geology,  Pt.  IV,  1857,  148, 
fig.  114. 

Triassic?;  North  Carolina.     Doubtfully  a  bird. 


INDEX. 


ABBREVIATUS,  Buteo,  159. 

aberti,  Pipilo,  281. 

abieticola,  Phloeotomus  pileatus,  192. 

acadica,  Cryptoglaux,  172. 

Acanthis,  247. 

Acanthopneuste,  355. 

Accipiter,  155. 

achrusterus,  Planesticus  migratorius, 

364. 

actia,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 
Actitis,  124. 
Actochelidon,  43. 

acuflavida,  Sterna  sandwichensis,  43. 
aculeata,  Sitta  carolinensis,  345. 
acuta,  Dafila,  72. 
acutipennis,  Chordeiles,  199. 
adamsi,  Gavia,  24. 
adusta,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 
advenus,  Baptornis,  378. 
^Echmophorus,  21. 
aedon,  Troglodytes,  340. 
^Egialitis,  128. 

aeneus,  Quiscalus  quiscula,  239. 
seneus,  Tangavius,  232. 
Aeronautes,  201. 
aesalon,  Falco,  166. 
sestiva,  Dendroica,  311. 
aestivalis,  Peucaea,  270. 
^Estrelata,  54. 
sethereus,  Phaethon,  59. 
^Ethia,  28. 
^Ethiinae,  27. 
affinis,  Euphagus,  391. 
affinis,  Heleodytes     brunneicapillus, 

335. 

affinis,  Larus,  38. 
affinis,  Marila,  75. 
affinis,  Pocecetes  gramineus,  253. 


affinis,  Telmatornis,  385. 

affinis,  Uria,  379. 

Agelaius,  233. 

agilis,  Ichthyornis,  376. 

agilis,  Oporornis,  321. 

agilis,  Penthestes  carolinensis,  450. 

aglaeus,  Quiscalus  quiscula,  299. 

aglaise,  Platypsaris,  207. 

aikeni,  Junco,  266. 

aikeni,  Otus  asio,  173 

Aimophila,  271. 

Aix,  73. 

Ajaia,  91. 

ajaja,  Ajaia,  91. 

alba,  Guara,  91. 

Alabamornis,  392. 

alascanus,  Buteo  borealis,  158. 

alascanus,   Haliaeetus  leucocephalus, 

163. 

alascensis,  Budytes  flavus,  328. 
alascensis,  Calcarius  lapponicus,  252. 
alascensis,  Nannus,  341. 
alascensis,  Penthestes  cinctus,  351. 
alascensis,  Pinicola  enucleator,  242. 
Alauda,  218. 
Alaudidse,  218. 
alaudinus,  Passerculus  sandwichensis, 

254. 

alba,  Guara,  91. 
alba,  Motacilla,  327. 
alba,  Pagophila,  35. 
Albatross,  Black-footed,  48. 

Laysan,  49. 

Short-tailed,  49. 

Sooty,  49. 

Wandering,  370. 

Yellow-nosed,  49. 
albatrus,  Diomedea,  49. 


395 


396 


INDEX. 


albellus,  Mergellus,  67. 
albeola,  Charitonetta,  76. 
albescens,  Certhia  familiaris,  344. 
albicaudatus,  Buteo,  159. 
albicilla,  Haliseetus,  162. 
albicollis,  Nyctidromus,  198. 
albicollis,  Zonotrichia,  262. 
albifrons,  Anser,  84,  85. 
albifrons,  Catherpes  mexicanus,  337. 
albigula,  Pipilo  fuscus,  281. 
albilora,  Dendroica  dominica,  316. 
albiventris,  Platypsaris  aglaise,  207. 
albociliatus,    Phalacrocorax    auritus, 

63. 

albogilva,  Strix  varia,  170. 
albolarvatus,  Xenopicus,  189. 
Alca,  32. 
Alcedinidae,  183. 
Alcella,  28. 
Alcidse,  25,  369,  379. 
Alcinse,  31. 
alcyon,  Ceryle,  183. 
Alcyones,  183. 
Aletornis,  384. 
aleutica,  Sterna,  45. 
aleuticus,  Ptychoramphus,  27. 
alexandrse,  Lagopus  lagopus,  141. 
alexandri,  Archilochus,  202. 
algistus,  Bubo  virginianus,  176. 
aliciae,  Hylocichla,  360. 
Alle,  33. 
alle,  Alle,  33. 

alleni,  Buteo  lineatus,  158. 
alleni,  Lagopus  lagopus,  141. 
alleni,  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus,  279. 
alleni,  Selasphorus,  204. 
alleni,  Strix  varia,  170. 
Allinse,  33. 

alnorum,  Empidonax  trailli,  216. 
alpestris,  Otocoris,  219. 
alpina,  Pelidna,  115,  116. 
alticola,  Lanivireo  solitarius,  301. 
altus,  Coniornis,  378. 
Aluco,  168. 
Aluconidae,  168. 
ambiguus,  Trogon,  183. 


americana,  Certhia  familiaris,  344. 
americana,  Ceryle,  184. 
americana,  Clangula  clangula,  76. 
americana,  Compsothlypis,  309. 
americana,  Fulica,  106. 
americana,  Grus,  100. 
americana,  Mareca,  70. 
americana,  Marila,  74. 
americana,  Mycteria,  93. 
americana,  Oidemia,  80. 
americana,  Recurvirostra,  108. 
americana,  Spiza,  287. 
americanus,  Coccyzus,  181. 
americanus,  Mergus,  66. 
americanus,  Numenius,  124. 
americanus,  Phaethon,  59. 
americanus,  Picoides,  189. 
americanus,   Tympanuchus,   143. 
Amizilis,  277. 
Ammodramus,  256. 
amcena,  Passerina,  285. 
Amphispiza  269. 
amplus,  Carpodacus,  244. 
anabelse,  Sialia  mexicana,  367. 
ansetheta,  Sterna,  46. 
Anas,  68. 

Anatidae,  66,  370,  382. 
Anatinse,  68. 

anatum,  Falco  peregrinus,  164. 
anceps,  Icthyornis,  376. 
angustifrons,   Melanerpes   formicivo- 

rus,  193. 
Anhinga,  61. 
anhinga,  Anhinga,  61. 
Anhingidse,  61. 
Ani,  180. 

Groove-billed,  180. 
ani,  Crotophaga,  180. 
anna,  Calypte,  203. 
annectens,  Corvus,  391. 
annectens,  Cyanocitta  stelleri,  223. 
annectens,  Junco  hyemalis,  268. 
Anoiis,  47. 
Anser,  84,  382. 
Anseres,  66,  382. 
Anserinae,  83. 


INDEX. 


397 


anthonyi,  Butorides  virescens,  98. 

anthonyi,  Lanius  ludovicianus,  297. 

anthracina,  Urubitinga,  160. 

Anthus,  328. 

antillarum,  Sterna,  45. 

antiqua,  Una,  379. 

antiquus,  Meleagris,  388. 

antiquus,  Synthliboramphus,  29. 

Antrostomus,  196. 

Apatornis,  376. 

Apatornithidse,  376. 

Aphelocoma,  224. 

Aphriza,  131. 

Aphrizidse,  131. 

Aphrizinse,  131. 

apricarius,  Charadrius,  127. 

Aquila,  161,  390. 

aquila,  Fregata,  66. 

Aramidae,  101. 

Aramus,  101. 

Archseopterygidse,  375. 

Archibuteo,  161. 

Archilochus,  202. 

arctica,  Fratercula,  26. 

arctica,  Gavia,  24. 

arcticola,  Otocoris  alpestris,  219. 

arcticus,  Picoides,  189. 

arcticus,  Pipilo  maculatus,  279. 

Arctonetta,  79. 

Ardea,  95,  383. 

Ardeidse,  94,  383. 

Ardeinae,  95. 

arenacea,  Spizella  pusilla,  265. 

Arenaria,  131. 

Arenariinae,  131. 

arenicola,  Toxostoma  lecontei,  334. 

argentatus,  Lams,  38. 

argutula,  Sturnella  magna,  235. 

Aristonetta,  74. 

arizela,  Geothlypis  trichas,  323. 

arizonae,  Aphelocoma  sieberi,  225. 

arizonae,  Dryobates,  188. 

arizonae,  Spizella  passerina,  264. 

Arquatella,  112. 

arquatus,  Numenius,  371. 

arra,  Uria  lorn  via,  32. 


Arremonops,  278. 

arvensis,  Alauda,  218. 

Asarcia,  133. 

asiatica,  Melopelia,  150. 

Asio,  169. 

asio,  Otus,  172. 

assimilis,  Puffinus,  53. 

Astragalinus,  248. 

Astur,  156. 

Asturina,  160. 

Asyndesmus,  193. 

ater,  Molothrus,  231. 

atkhensis,  Lagopus  rupestris,  141. 

atkinsi,  Sitta  carolinensis,  345. 

atra,  Fulica,  106. 

atrata,  Leucosticte,  246. 

atricapillus,  Astur,  156. 

atricapillus  Penthestes,  349. 

atricapillus,  Vireo,  301. 

atricilla,  Lams,  40. 

atricristatus,  Baeolophus,  347. 

atrogularis,  Spizella,  265. 

Atthis,  204. 

attwateri,  Tympanuchus  americanus, 

143. 

auduboni,  Dendroica,  313. 
auduboni,  Dryobates  villosus,  186. 
auduboni,  Hylocichla  guttata,  362. 
auduboni,    Icterus    melanocephalus, 

236. 
Auk,  Great,  32. 

Razor-billed,  32. 
Auklet,  Cassin's,  27. 

Crested,  28. 

Least,  28. 

Paroquet,  27. 

Rhinoceros,  27. 

Whiskered,  28. 
aura,  Cathartes,  152. 
auratus,  Colaptes,  194. 
auricularis,  Puffinus,  53. 
aurifrons,  Centurus,  194. 
Auriparus,  354. 
aurita,  Pisobia,  113. 
auritus,  Colymbus,  22. 
auritus,  Phalacrocorax,  62. 


398 


INDEX. 


aurocapillus,  Seiuras,  319. 

australis,  Ammodramus  savannarum, 

256. 

australis,  Leucosticte,  247. 
autumnalis,  Dendrocygna,  88. 
auturnnalis,  Plegadis,  92. 
Avocet,  108. 

BACHMANI,  Hsematopus,  133. 

bachmani,  Peucaea  sestivalis,  271. 

bachmani,  Vermivora,  306. 

Bseolophus,  347. 

bahamensis,  Coereba,  304. 

baileyse,  Penthestes  gambeli,  351. 

bairdi,  Ammodramus,  256. 

bairdi,  Dryobates  scalaris,  188. 

bairdi,  Junco,  268. 

bairdi,  Melanerpes  formicivorus,  193. 

bairdi,  Sialia  mexicana,  367. 

bairdi,  Pisobia,  114. 

bairdi,  Thryomanes  bewicki,  339. 

Baldpate,  70. 

Baptornis,  378. 

Baptornithidae,  378. 

barbatula,  Vireosylva  calidris,  298. 

barlowi,  Penthestes  rufescens,  352. 

baueri,  Limosa  lapponica,  119. 

Barornis,  379. 

Bartramia,  123. 

Basilinna,  206. 

bassana,  Sula,  61. 

Becard,  Xantus's,  207. 

beldingi,  Geothlypis,  323. 

beldingi,  Passerculus,  254. 

beldingi,  Rallus,  102. 

bella,  Palaeospiza,  392. 

belli,  Amphispiza,  269. 

belli,  Vireo,  303. 

bellus,  Aletornis,  384. 

bendirei,  Otus  asio,  173. 

bendirei,  Toxostoma,  333. 

bermudiana,   Chsemepelia  passerina, 

150. 

bermudianus,  Vireo  griseus,  302. 
bernicla,  Branta,  87. 
bewicki,  Thryomanes,  338. 


bicknelli,  Hylocichla  aliciae,  360. 
bicolor,  Baeolophus,  347. 
bicolor,  Dendrocygna,  88. 
bicolor,  Iridoprocne,  293. 
bicolor,  Tiaris,  287. 
bilineata,  Amphispiza,  269. 
bimaculatus,    Ammodramus    savan- 
narum, 257. 
Bittern,  94. 

Cory's  Least,  95. 

Least,  94. 
Blackbird,  Brewer's,  239. 

Red-winged,  233. 

Rusty,  238. 

Yellow-headed,  232. 
Bluebird,  366. 

Azure,  366. 

Chestnut-backed,  367. 

Mountain,  367. 

San  Pedro,  367. 

Western,  367. 
Blue-throat,    Siberian    Red-spotted, 

365. 

Bobolink,  231. 
Bob-white,  134. 

Florida,  134. 

Masked,  135. 

Texas,  134. 
Bombycilla,  295. 
Bombycillidae,  295. 
Bonasa,  139. 
Booby,  60. 

Blue-faced,  60. 

Blue-footed,  60. 

Brewster's,  60. 

Red-footed,  60. 

borealis,  Acanthopneuste,  355. 
borealis,  Buteo,  157. 
borealis,  Cypseloides  niger,  200. 
borealis,  Dryobates,  188. 
borealis,  Lanius,  296. 
borealis,  Nuttallornis,  213. 
borealis,  Numenius,  125. 
borealis,  Puffinus,  52. 
borealis,  Somateria  mollissima,  79. 
Botaurinse,  94. 


INDEX. 


Botaurus,  94. 

botterii,  Peucsea,  271. 

brachyptera,    Leptotila   flaviventris, 

149. 
brachyptera,  Tachycincta  thalassina, 

294. 
brachypterus,  Colymbus  dominicus, 

23. 

Brachyramphus,  29. 
brachyrhynchos,  Corvus,  228. 
brachyrhynchus,  Anser,  85. 
brachyrhynchus,  Larus,  39. 
brachyurus,  Buteo,  160. 
Brant,  87. 

Black,  87. 
Branta,  85,  382. 
brevicauda,  Thryomanes,  339. 
brevirostris,  Brachyramphus,  29. 
brevirostris,  Rissa,  36. 
breweri,  Spizella,  264. 
brewsteri,  Acanthis,  372. 
brewsteri,  Dendroica  aestiva,  311. 
brewsteri,  Egretta  candidissima,  96. 
brewsteri,  Sula,  60. 
Brewsteria,  161. 

brunneicapillus,    Heleodytes,    335. 
bryanti,  Agelaius  phoeniceus,  233. 
bryanti,  Dendroica,  312. 
bryanti,  Heleodytes  brunneicapillus, 

335. 
bryanti,   Passerculus  sandwichensis, 

255. 

Bubo,  174,  390. 
buccinator,  Olor,  89. 
Budytes,  327. 
Buffle-head,  76. 
bulleri,  Puffinus,  54. 
Bullfinch,  Cassin's,  242. 
bullocki,  Icterus,  238. 
bulweri,  Bulweria,  55. 
Bulweria,  55. 
Bunting,  Beautiful,  286. 

Indigo,  285. 

Lark,  288. 

Lazuli,  285. 

McKay's  Snow,  251. 

Painted,  286. 


Bunting,  Pribilof  Snow,  251. 

Snow,  251. 

Townsend's,  372. 

Varied,  286. 
Burrica,  244. 
Bush-Tit,  353. 

California,  353. 

Grinda's,  353. 

Lead-colored,  353. 

Lloyd's,  353. 
Buteo,  157. 
Buteola,  160. 
Buteonidae,  153,  372. 
Butorides,  98. 


,  Guiraca,  285. 
caerulea,  Florida,  98. 
cserulea,  Polioptila,  357. 
caerulescens,  Chen,  84. 
caerulescens,  Dendroica,  312. 
cafer,  Colaptes,  195. 
cairnsi,  Dendroica  caerulescens,  312. 
Calamospiza,  288. 
Calcarius,  251. 
calendula,  Regulus,  356. 
Calidris,  118. 
calidris,  Vireosylva,  298. 
californianus,  Geococcyx,  181. 
calif  ornianus,  Gymnogyps,  152. 
californica,  Aphelocoma,  224. 
calif  ornica,  Pinicola  enucleator,  242. 
californica,  Polioptila,  358. 
californica,  Uria  troille,  31. 
calif  ornicum,  Glaucidium  gnoma,  178 
californicus,  Agelaius  gubernator,  234 
californicus,   Carpodacus  purpureus, 

243. 

californicus,  Colymbus  nigricollis,  22. 
californicus,  Larus,  39. 
californicus,  Lophortyx,  136. 
californicus,  Pavo,  388. 
californicus,  Pelecanus,  65. 
californicus,   Phalaenoptilus  nuttalli, 

197. 
californicus,    Psaltriparus    minimus, 

353. 
calif  orniensis,  Mancalla,  379. 


400 


INDEX. 


Callichelidon,  294. 

Callipepla,  135. 

calliope,  Stellula,  204. 

calophonus,     Thryomanes     bewicki, 

339. 

Calothorax,  205. 
calurus,  Buteo  borealis,  157. 
Calypte,  203. 
Campephilus,  185. 
campestris,  Pedioecetes  phasianellus, 

144. 

Camptorhynchus,  78. 
Camptostoma,  218. 
canace,  Canachites  canadensis,  139. 
Canachites,  138. 
canadensis,  Branta,  86. 
canadensis,  Canachites,  138. 
canadensis,  Grus,  100. 
canadensis,  Perisoreus,  226. 
canadensis,  Sitta,  346. 
canadensis,  Wilsonia,  325. 
canagica,  Philacte,  88. 
candidissima,  Egretta,  96. 
canescens,    Amphispiza    nevadensis, 

270. 

canicauda,  Cardinalis  cardinalis,  283. 
caniceps,  Junco  phaeonotus,  268. 
canora,  Tiaris,  287. 
canorus,  Cuculus,  182. 
canus,  Larus,  39. 
canutus,  Tringa,  112. 
Canvas-back,  74. 
caparoch,  Surnia  ulula,  177. 
capensis,  Daption,  51. 
capitalis,  Perisoreus  canadensis,  226. 
Caprimulgi,  196. 
Caprimulgidse,  196. 
Caracara,  Audubon's,  167. 

Guadalupe,  168. 
carbo,  Phalacrocorax,  62. 
carbonacea,  Cyanocitta  stelleri,  223. 
carbonata,  Dendroica,  373. 
Cardellina,  326. 
Cardinal,  282. 

Arizona,  282. 

Florida,  283. 


Cardinal,  Gray-tailed,  283. 

San  Lucas,  283. 
Cardinalis,  282. 
cardinalis,  Cardinalis,  282. 
caribseus,  Rallus  longirostris,  103. 
carlottae,  Cyanocitta  stelleri,  223. 
Carolina,  Porzana,  103. 
carolinense,  Nettion,  70. 
carolinensis,  Antrostomus,  196. 
carolinensis,  Conuropsis,  179. 
carolinensis,  Dumetella,  331. 
carolinensis,  Junco  hyemalis,  267. 
carolinensis,  Pandion  haliaetus,  168. 
carolinensis,  Penthestes,  450. 
carolinensis,  Sitta,  345. 
carolinensis,  Zenaiduramacroura,  148. 
carolinus,  Centurus,  193. 
carolinus,  Euphagus,  238. 
carpalis,  Aimophila,  271. 
Carpodacus,  260. 
Casarca,  72. 
caspia,  Sterna,  42. 
cassini,  Carpodacus,  243. 
cassini,  Lanivireo  solitarius,  300. 
cassini,  Peucsea,  271. 
cassini,  Pyrrhula,  242. 
castanea,  Dendroica,  314. 
castaneiceps,  Dendroica  bryanti,  312. 
castanogastris,  Callipepla  squamata, 

136. 

castro,  Oceanodroma,  57. 
Catbird,  331. 
Catharista,  153,  389. 
Cathartes,  152. 
Cathartidse,  152,  371,  389. 
Catherpes,  336. 
Catoptrophorus,  122. 
caudacutus,  Passerherbulus,  258. 
caurina,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
caurina,  Strix  occidentalis,  170. 
caurinus,  Agelaius  phceniceus,  234. 
caurinus,  Corvus,  219. 
cedrorum,  Bombycilla,  296. 
celata,  Vermivora,  308. 
celer,  Apatornis,  377. 
celer,  Meleagris,  388. 


INDEX. 


401 


Centroeercus,  145. 

Centronyx,  256. 

Centurus,  193. 

Cepphi,  24,  379. 

Cepphus,  30. 

Cerchneis,  166. 

Cerorhinca,  27. 

Certhia,  344. 

Certhiidse,  344. 

cerulea,  Dendroica,  314. 

cerviniventris,  Amizilis,  205. 

cervinus,  Anthus,  329. 

Ceryle,  183. 

Chachalaca,  146. 

Chsemepelia,  150. 

Chsetura,  200. 

Chseturinse,  200. 

chalconota,    Amizilis    cerviniventris, 

205. 

chalybea,  Progne,  291. 
Chamsea,  354. 
Chamaeidje,  354. 
Chamsethlypis,  323. 
chamberlaini,  Lagopus  rupestris,  142. 
chapmani,  Chordeiles  virginianus,  199. 
Charadriidse,  126,  386. 
Charadrius,  127,  386. 
charienturus,    Thryomanes    bewicki, 

339. 

Charitonetta,  76. 
Chat,  Long-tailed,  324. 

Yellow-breasted,  324. 
Chaulelasmus,  69. 
Chelidonaria,  294. 
Chen,  83. 

cheriway,  Polyborus,  167. 
Chickadee,  349. 

Acadian,  351. 

Alaska,  351. 

Bailey's  Mountain,  351. 

Barlow's,  352. 

California,  352. 

Carolina,  350. 

Chestnut-backed,  352. 

Florida,  350. 

Hudsonian,  351. 


Chickadee,  Long-tailed,  349. 

Mexican,  350. 

Mountain,  350. 

Oregon,  349. 

Plumbeous,  350. 

Yukon,  349. 
Chicken,  Attwater's  Prairie,  143. 

Lesser  Prairie,  144. 

Prairie,  143. 
Chloroceryle,  184. 
chlorura,  Oreospiza,  282. 
Chondestes,  260. 
Chordeiles,  198. 
chrysaetos,  Aquila,  162. 
chryseola,  Wilsonia  pusilla,  325. 
chrysia,  Geotrygon,  151. 
chrysoides,  Colaptes,  195. 
chrysoparia,  Dendroica,  316. 
chrysoptera,  Vermivora,  307. 
Chuck-will's-widow,  196. 
Ciceronia,  28. 
Ciconise,  93. 
Ciconiidae,  93. 
Ciconiinae,  93. 
Cimolopteryx,  392. 
cincinatus,  Phalacrocorax  auritus,  63. 
Cinclidse,  329. 
Cinclus,  329. 
cinctus,  Penthestes,  351. 
cinerascens,  Myiarchus,  211. 
cineraceus,  Bseolophus  inornatus.  348. 
cineraceus,  Otus  asio,  173. 
cinerea,  Amphispiza  nevadensis,  270. 
cinerea,  Ardea,  96. 
cinereum,  Toxostoma,  333. 
cinereus,  Priofinus,  54. 
cineritius,  Empidonax  difficilis,  215. 
cinnamomeus,  Helodromas  solitarius, 

121. 

Circus,  155. 
ciris,  Passerina,  286. 
cirrhata,  Lunda,  25. 
Cistotherus,  342. 
citrea,  Protonotaria,  305. 
citrina,  Wilsonia,  324. 
Clamatores,  207. 


402 


INDEX. 


Clangula,  76. 
clangula,  Clangula,  76. 
clemenciae,  Cyanolaemus,  202. 
clementae,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
clementae,  Pipilo  maculatus,  280. 
dementis,     Carpodacus    mexicanus, 

244. 

cleonensis,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
clypeata,  Spatula,  72. 
Coccyges,  180. 
Coccyzinae,  181. 
Coccyzus,  181. 
Crereba,  304. 
Ccerebidae,  304. 
cognatus,  Vireo  huttoni,  303. 
Colaptes,  194. 
Colinus,  134. 

collaris,  Colaptes  cafer,  195. 
collaris,  Marila,  75. 
colubris,  Archilochus,  202. 
Columba,  147. 
columba,  Cepphus,  31. 
Columbse,  147. 
columbarius,  Falco,  165. 
columbiana,  Nucifraga,  230. 
columbianus,  Olor,  89. 
columbianus,  Pedioacetes  phasianel- 

lus,  144. 

Columbidse,  147. 
Colymbi,  21. 
Colymbidse,  21,  147. 
Colymbus,  21,  22. 
Compsohalieus,  63. 
Compsothlypis,  309. 
condoni,  Anser,  382. 
confinis,  Oreortyx  picta,  135. 
confinis,  Planesticus,  364. 
confinis,  Pooecetes  gramineus,  253. 
Coniornis,  378. 

connectens,  Junco  hyemalis,  266. 
conradi,  Puffinus,  380. 
consobrinus,  Pipilo,  280. 
conspersus,  Catherpes  mexicanus,  337. 
Conuropsis,  179. 
cooperi,  Accipiter,  156. 
cooperi,  Buteo,  371. 


cooperi,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
cooperi,  Piranga  rubra,  290. 
cooperi,  Pisobia,  371. 
Coot,  106. 

European,  106. 
copei,  Phoenicopterus,  383. 
corax,  Corvus,  227,  228. 
Cormorant,  62. 

Baird's,  64. 

Brandt's,  63. 

Double-crested,  62. 

Farallon,  63. 

Florida,  62. 

Mexican,  63. 

Pelagic,  64. 

Red-faced,  64. 

Violet-green,  64. 

White-crested,  63. 
corniculata,  Fratercula,  26. 
cornix,  Corvus,  229. 
coronata,  Dendroica,  312. 
coronata,  Zonotrichia,  262. 
Corvidae,  221,  391. 
Corvinae,  227. 
Corvus,  227,  391. 
costse,  Calypte,  203. 
Cotingidss,  207. 
Coturnicops,  104. 
coturniculus,  Creciscus,  104. 
couchi,  Aphelocoma  sieberi,  225. 
couchi,  Tyrannus  melancholicus,  209. 
couesi,  Arquatella  maritima,  113. 
couesi,    Heleodytes    brunneicapillus, 

335. 
Cowbird,  231. 

Bronzed,  232. 

Dwarf,  232. 

Red-eyed,  232. 
Cracidae,  146. 
Crake,  Corn,  105. 

Spotted,  103. 
Crane,  Little  Brown,  100. 

Sandhill,  100. 

Whooping,  100. 
crassipes,  Hesperornis,  377. 
craveri,  Brachyramphus,  30. 


INDEX. 


403 


Creagrus,  369. 

creatopus,  Puffinus,  52. 

crecca,  Nettion,  70. 

Creccoides,  385. 

Creciscus,  104. 

Creeper,  Bahama  Honey,  304. 

Brown,  344. 

California,  344. 

Mexican,  344. 

Rocky  Mountain,  344. 

Sierra,  345. 
crepitans,  Rallus,  102. 
Crex,  105. 
crex,  Crex,  105. 
crinitus,  Myiarchus,  210. 
crissale,  Toxostoma,  334. 
crissalis,  Pipilo,  281. 
cristata,  Cyanocitta,  222. 
cristatella,  ^Ethia,  28. 
Crossbill,  245. 

Mexican,  245. 

White-winged,  245. 
Crotophaga,  180. 
Crotophaginse,  180. 
Crow,  228. 

Fish,  229. 

Florida,  228. 

Hooded,  229. 

Northwestern,  229. 

Western,  228. 
Cryptoglaux,  171. 
cryptoleucus,  Corvus,  228. 
cryptoleucus,  Progne,  291. 
cryptus,  Thryomanes  bewicki,  339. 
Cuckoo,  Black-billed,  182. 

California,  182. 

Kamchatka,  182. 

Mangrove,  181. 

Maynard's,  181. 

Yellow-billed,  181. 
Cuculi,  180. 
Cuculidae,  180. 
Cuculinae,  182. 
cucullatus,  Icterus,  237. 
cucullatus,  Lophodytes,  67. 
Cuculus,  182. 


culminatus,  Thalassogeron,  49. 
cuneatus,  Puffinus,  54. 
cunicularia,  Speotyto,  177. 
cupido,  Tympanuchus,  143. 
Curlew,  Bristle-thighed,  125. 

Eskimo,  125. 

European,  371. 

Hudsonian,  125. 

Long-billed,  124. 
currucoides,  Sialia,  367. 
curvirostra,  Loxia,  245. 
curvirostre,  Toxostoma,  332. 
cuvieri,  Regulus,  374. 
cyanea,  Aphelocoma,  224. 
cyanea,  Passerina,  285. 
cyaneoviridis,  Callichelidon,  294. 
Cyanocephala,  230. 
cyanocephala,  Cyanocephala,  230. 
cyanocephalus,  Euphagus,  239. 
cyanocephalus,  Stamoenas,  151. 
Cyanocitta,  222. 
Cyanolsemus,  202. 
cyanops,  Sula,  60. 
cyanoptera,  Querquedula,  71. 
Cyanosylvia,  365. 
cyanotis,  Aphelocoma,  224. 
Cygninae,  89. 
cygnus,  Olor,  89. 
Cymochroa,  56. 
Cynanthus,  206. 
Cyphornis,  381. 
Cypseli,  200. 
Cypseloides,  200. 
Cyrtonyx,  137. 
Cyrtopelicanus,  64. 

DAFILA,  72. 

damacensis,  Pisobia,  115. 
dananus,  Aquila,  390. 
Daption,  51. 
deglandi,  Oidemia,  81. 
delawarensis,  Larus,  39. 
delicata,  Gallinago,  110. 
Dendragapus,  137. 
Dendrocygna,  88. 
Dendroica,  310,  311. 


404 


INDEX. 


derbianus,  Pitangus  sulphuratus,  210. 

deserticola,  Amphispiza  bilineata,  269. 

diademata,  Cyanocitta  stelleri,  223. 

Diatryma,  378. 

Dichromanassa,  97. 

Dickctssel,  287. 

difficilis,  Empidonax,  215. 

Diomedea,  48. 

Diomedeidae,  48,  370. 

Dipper,  330. 

discolor,  Dendroica,  319. 

discors,  Querquedula,  71. 

dispar,  Ichthyornis,  376. 

dixoni,  Lagopus  rupestris,  142. 

Dolichonyx,  231. 

dominica,  Dendroica,  315. 

dominicensis,  Tyrannus,  208. 

dominicus,  Charadrius,  127. 

dominicus,  Colymbus,  23. 

dominicus,  Nomonyx,  83. 

dorsalis,  Junco  phaeonotus,  268. 

dorsalis,  Picoides  americanus,  190. 

Dotterel,  126. 

dougalli,  Sterna,  45. 

Dovekie,  33. 

Dove,  Bermuda  Ground,  150. 

Ground,  156. 

Inca,  151. 

Mexican  Ground,  150. 

Mourning,  148. 

White-fronted,  149. 

White-winged,  150. 

Zenaida,  149. 
Dowitcher,  111. 

Long-billed,  111. 
dresseri,  Somateria,  79. 
Dromaeognathi,  378. 
Dromaeopappi,  377. 
Dryobates,  185. 
dubia,  ^Egialitis,  129. 
Duck,  Black,  68. 

Florida,  69. 

Harlequin,  77. 

Labrador,  78. 

Lesser  Scaup,  75. 

Masked,  83. 


Duck,  Mottled,  69. 

Red-legged  Black,  370. 

Ring-necked,  75. 

Ruddy,  82. 

Rufous-crested,  73. 

Scaup,  75. 

Wood,  73. 
Dumetella,  331. 
Dunlin,  116. 
Dytes,  22. 

EAGLE,  Bald,  162. 

Gray  Sea,  162. 

Golden,  162. 

Northern  Bald,  163. 
Ectopistes,  148. 
edvardsianus,  Laornis,  383. 
Egret,  96. 

Brewster's,  97. 

Reddish,  97. 

Snowy,  96. 
Egretta,  96. 
egretta,  Herodias,  96. 
Eider,  79. 

King,  80. 

Northern,  79. 

Pacific,  80. 

Spectacled,  79. 

Steller's,  78. 

elachistus,  Bubo  virginianus,  175. 
Elanoides,  153. 
Elanus,  154. 

elegans,  Buteo  lineatus,  158. 
elegans,  Rallus,  101. 
elegans,  Sterna,  42. 
Empidonax,  214. 
Endomychura,  30. 
enucleator,  Pinicola,  241. 
eremo3ca,  Aimophilus  rufescens,  272. 
Ereunetes,  117. 
Erionetta,  80. 
Erismatura,  82. 
Erolia,  116. 

erythrocephalus,  Melanerpes,  192. 
erythrogastra,  Hirundo,  292. 
erythromelas,  Piranga,  289. 


INDEX. 


405 


erythrophthalmus,  Coccyzus,  182. 

erythrophthalmus,  Pipilo,  279. 

erythrorhynchus,  Pelecanus,  65. 

Eudromias,  126. 

Eugenes,  201. 

Euornithes,  379. 

Euphagus,  238,  391. 

Eurynorhynchus,  117. 

evermanni,  Lagopus,  142. 

Exanthemops,  84. 

excubitorides,   Lanius   ludovicianus, 

297. 

exilis,  Acanthis  hornemanni,  147. 
exilis,  Ixobrychus,  94. 
exulans,  Diomedea,  370 

FABALIS,  Anser,  85. 

Falco,  163. 

Falcon,  Aplomado,  166. 

Peale's,  165. 

Peregrine,  164. 

Prairie,  164. 
Falcones,  153,  389. 
Falconidse,  163,  390. 
Falconinse,  163. 
fallax,  Melospiza  melodia,  273. 
familiaris,  Certhia,  344. 
fannini,  Ardea  herodias,  95. 
fasciata,  Chamsea,  354. 
fasciata,  Columba,  147. 
fasciatus,  Picoides  americanus,    190. 
fedoa,  Limosa,  118. 
ferniginea,  Casarca,  72. 
ferruginea,  Erolia,  116. 
ferrugineus,  Archibuteo,  161. 
Finch,  Aleutian  Rosy,  246. 

Black  Rosy,  246. 

Brown-capped  Rosy,  247. 

California  Purple,  243. 

Cassin's  Purple,  243. 

Gray-crowned  Rosy,  246. 

Guadalupe  House,  244. 

Hepburn's  Rosy,  246. 

House  Finch,  244. 

McGregor's  House,  244. 

Purple,  243. 


Finch,  San  Clemente  House,  244. 

San  Lucas  House,  244. 
fischeri,  Arctonetta,  79. 
fisheri,  ^Estrelata,  55. 
fisheri,  Passerherbulus  maritimus, 

259. 

Flamingo,  90. 
flammeola,  Otus,  174. 
flammeus,  Asio,  169. 
flammula,  Pinicola  enucleator,  242. 
flaviceps,  Auriparus,  354. 
flavifrons,  Lanivireo,  300. 
flavipes,  Totanus,  120. 
flavirostris,  Columba,  147. 
flaviventris,  Empidonax,  214. 
flavoviridis,  Vireosylva,  299. 
flavus,  Budytes,  327,  328. 
Flicker,  194. 

Gilded,  195. 

Guadalupe,  195. 

Northern,  194. 

Northwestern,  195. 

Red-shafted,  195. 
Florida,  98. 

floridana,  Speotyto  cunicularia,  177. 
floridanus,  Agelaius  phoeniceus,  234. 
floridanus,    Ammodramus    savanna- 
rum,  257. 

floridanus,  Cardinalis  cardinalis,  283. 
floridanus,  Colinus  virginianus,  134. 
floridanus,  Otus  asio,  173. 
floridanus,  Phalacrocorax  auritus,  62. 
florincola,  Cyanocitta  cristata,  222. 
Flycatcher,  Acadian,  215. 

Alder,  216. 

Arizona  Crested,  211. 

Ash-throated,  211. 

Beardless,  218. 

Buff-breasted,  217. 

Coues's,  213. 

Crested,  210. 

Derby,  210. 

Fork-tailed,  207. 

Gray,  217. 

Hammond's,  216. 

Least,  216. 


406 


INDEX. 


Flycatcher,  Mexican  Crested,  211. 

Lower  California,  211. 

Olivaceous,  211. 

Olive-sided,  213. 

San  Lucas,  215. 

Scissor-tailed,  208. 

Sulphur-bellied,  210. 

Traill's,  216. 

Vermilion,  218. 

Western,  215. 

Wright's,  217. 

Yellow-bellied,  214. 
forficata,  Muscivora,  208. 
forficatus,  Elanoides,  153. 
formicivorus,  Melanerpes,  192. 
formosus,  Oporornis,  320. 
forsteri,  Sterna,  44. 
fortis,  Agelaius  phceniceus,  234. 
franklini,  Canachites,  139. 
franklini,  Larus,  40. 
Fratercula,  26. 
Fraterculinae,  25. 
frazari,  Butorides  virescens,  98. 
frazari,  Hsematopus,  133. 
Fregata,  65. 
Fregatidae,  65. 
Fregetta,  58. 

Fringillidse,  240,  372,  392. 
frontalis,      Carpodacus      mexicanus, 

244. 

frontalis  Cyanocitta  stelleri,  223. 
frugilegus,  Corvus,  229. 
fulgens,  Eugenes,  201. 
Fulica,  106,  386. 
fulicarius,  Phalaropus,  107. 
Fulicinse,  106. 

fuliginosa,  Passerella  iliaca,  278. 
fuliginosus,    Dendragapus    obscurus, 

138. 

Fuligulinae,  73. 
Fulmar,  50. 

Giant,  50. 

Pacific,  50. 

Rodgers's,  51. 

Slender-billed,  51. 
Fulmarinae,  50. 


Fulmarus,  50. 
fulva,  Petrochelidon,  292. 
fulva,  Sialia  sialis,  366. 
fulvifrons,  Empidonax,  217. 
fulvigula,  Anas,  68,  69. 
fulviventris,  Leptotila,  149. 
fulvus,  Charadrius  dominicus,  127. 
fumifrons,  Perisoreus  canadensis,  227. 
funerea,  Cryptoglaux,  171. 
furcata,  Oceanodroma,  56. 
furcatus,  Creagrus,  369. 
fusca,  Dendroica,  315. 
fusca,  Oidemia,  81. 
fuscata,  Sterna,  46. 
fuscescens,  Hylocichla,  359. 
fuscicollis,  Pisobia,  114. 
fusco-caeruleus,  Falco,  166. 
fuscus,  Pipilo,  280. 

GAD  WALL,  69. 

gairdneri,  Dryobates  pubescens,  187. 

galbula,  Icterus,  238. 

galeata,  Gallinula,  105. 

Gallinse,  134,  387. 

Gallinago,  110. 

gallinago,  Gallinago,  110. 

Gallinula,  105. 

Gallinule,  Florida,  105. 

Purple,  105. 
Gallinulinse,  105. 
Gallinuloides,  388. 
Gallinuloididae,  388. 
gallopavo,  Meleagris,  145. 
gambeli,  Anser  albifrons,  85. 
gambeli,  Lanius  ludovicianus,  297. 
gambeli,  Lophortyx,  137. 
gambeli,  Penthestes,  450. 
gambeli,  Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  262. 
Gannet,  61. 

garrula,  Bombycilla,  295. 
Garrulinae,  221. 
Gastornithes,  378. 
Gastornithidae,  378. 
Gavia,  24. 
Gaviidse,  24. 
Gelochelidon,  42. 


INDEX. 


407 


Geococcyx,  180. 

georgiana,  Melospiza,  276. 

Geothlypis,  322. 

Geotryon,  151. 

gigantea,  Diatryma,  378. 

giganteus,  Alabamornis,  392. 

giganteus,  Macronectes,  50. 

gilli,  Palseotetrix,  387. 

gilva,  Vireosylva,  299. 

giraudi,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 

glacialis,  Fulmarus,  50. 

glacialoides,  Priocella,  51. 

glareola,  Rhyacophilus,  121. 

glaucescens,  Larus,  37. 

glaucescens,  Xanthoura  luxuosa,  226. 

Glaucidium,  177. 

glaucogastra,  Branta  bernicla,  87. 

Glottis,  119. 

glupischa,  Fulmarus  glacialis,  50. 

Gnatcatcher,  Black-tailed,  358. 

Blue-gray,  357. 

Plumbeous,  358. 

Western,  358. 
gnoma,  Glaucidium,  178. 
Godwit,  Black-tailed,  119. 

Hudsonian,  119. 

Marbled,  118. 

Pacific,  119. 
Golden-eye,  76. 

Barrow's,  76. 
Goldfinch,  248. 

Arkansas,  249. 

Black-headed,  250. 

Green-backed,  249. 

Lawrence's,  249. 

Pale,  249. 

Willow,  249. 
Goose,  Barnacle,  87. 

Bean,  85. 

Blue,  84. 

Cackling,  86. 

Canada,  86. 

Emperor,  88. 

European  White-fronted,  85. 

Greater  Snow,  83. 

Hutchins's,  86. 


Goose,  Pink-footed,  85. 

Ross's,  84. 

Snow,  83. 

White-cheeked,  86. 

White-fronted,  85. 
Goshawk,  156. 

Mexican,  160. 

Western,  156. 
gracise,  Dendroica,  316. 
gracilis,  Aletornis,  384. 
gracilis,  Hargeria,  377. 
Grackle,  Boat-tailed,  240. 

Bronzed,  239. 

Florida,  239. 

Great-tailed,  240. 

Purple,  239. 
Graculavus,  381. 
grallaria,  Fregetta,  58. 
graminea,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
gramineus,  Pocecetes,  253. 
grammacus,  Chondestes,  260. 
gravis,  Puffinus,  52. 
Grassquit,  287. 

Melodius,  287. 
Grebe,  Eared,  22. 

Holboell's,  22. 

Horned,  22. 

Mexican,  23. 

Pied-billed,  23. 

Western,  21. 
Green-shank,  119. 
grindse,  Psaltriparus  minimus,  353. 
grinnelli,  Regulus  calendula,  357. 
griseonucha,  Leucosticte,  246. 
griseus,  Bseolophus  inornatus,  348. 
griseus,  Empidonax,  217. 
griseus,  Macrorhamphus,  111. 
griseus,  Perisoreus  obscurus,  227. 
griseus,  Puffinus,  53. 
griseus,  Telmatodytes  palustris,  243. 
griseus,  Vireo,  301. 
Grosbeak,  Alaska  Pine,  242. 

Black-headed,  284. 

Blue,  285. 

California  Pine,  242. 

Evening,  241. 


408 


INDEX. 


Grosbeak,  Kadiak  Pine,  242. 

Pine,  241. 

Rocky  Mountain,  242. 

Rose-breasted,  284. 

Western  Blue,  285. 

Western  Evening,  241. 
Grouse,  Canada  Ruffed,  140. 

Columbian  Sharp-tailed,  144. 

Dusky,  138. 

Franklin's,  139. 

Gray  Ruffed,  140. 

Oregon  Ruffed,  140. 

Prairie  Sharp-tailed,  144. 

Richardson's,  138. 

Ruffed,  140. 

Sharp-tailed,  144. 

Sierra,  138. 

Sooty,  138. 
Grues,  100,  384. 
Gruidse,  100,  384. 
Grus,  100,  384. 
grylle,  Cepphus,  30. 
guadeloupensis,  Salpinctes,  336. 
Guara,  91. 

guarauna,  Plegadis,  92. 
gubernator,  Agelaius,  234. 
Guillemot,  Black,  30. 

Black-winged,  369. 

Mandt's,  30. 

Pigeon,  31. 
Guiraca,  284. 
Gull,  Bonaparte's,  40. 

California,  39. 

Franklin's,  40. 

Glaucous,  36. 

Glaucous-winged,  37. 

Great  Black-backed,  37. 

Heermann's,  40. 

Herring,  38. 

Iceland,  36. 

Ivory,  35. 

Kumlien's,  37. 

Laughing,  40. 

Little,  41. 

Mew,  39. 

Nelson's,  37. 


Gull,  Ring-billed,  39. 

Ross's,  41. 

Sabine's,  41. 

Short-billed,  39. 

Siberian,  38. 

Slaty-backed,  37. 

Swallow-tailed,  369. 

Vega,  38. 

Western,  38. 
guttata,  Hylocichla,  361. 
guttatus,  Passerculus  rostratus,  255. 
gutturalis,    Vermivora   rubricapillus, 

308. 

Gymnogyps,  152. 
gyrfalco,  Falco  rusticolus,  164. 
Gyrfalcon,  164. 

Black,  164. 

Gray,  163. 

White,  163. 

H^EMASTICA,  Limosa,  119. 

Haematopodidae,  132. 

Hsematopus,  132. 

Haliseetus,  162. 

haliaetus,  Pandion,  168. 

Halocyptina,  55. 

hammondi,  Empidonax,  216. 

Harelda,  77. 

Hargeria,  377. 

harlani,  Buteo  borealis,  157. 

Harporhynchus,  334. 

harrisi,  Dryobates  villosus,  186. 

harrisi,  Parabuteo  unicinctus,  157. 

hasitata,  ^Estrelata,  54. 

Hawk,  Black  Pigeon,  165. 

Broad- winged,  159. 

Cooper's,  156. 

Cuban  Sparrow,  167. 

Desert  Sparrow,  167. 

Duck,  164. 

Florida  Red-shouldered,  158. 

Harlan's,  158. 

Harris's,  157. 

Krider's,  157. 

Little  Sparrow,  167. 

Marsh,  155. 


INDEX. 


409 


Hawk,  Mexican  Black,  160. 

Pigeon,  165. 

Red-bellied,  158. 

Red-shouldered,  158. 

Red-tailed,  157. 

Richardson's  Pigeon,  165. 

Rough-legged,  161. 

San  Lucas,  167. 

Sennett's  White-tailed,  159. 

Sharp-shinned,  155. 

Short-tailed,  160. 

Sparrow,  166. 

Swainson's,  159. 

Zone-tailed,  159. 
haydeni,  Grus,  384. 
heermanni,  Larus,  40. 
heermanni,  Melospiza   melodia,    273. 
Heleodytes,  335. 
Helinaia.  305. 

helleri,  Nannus  hiemalis,  341. 
Helmitheros,  305. 
Helodromas,  120. 
Hen,  Heath,  143. 

Sage,  145. 

Henhawk,  Cooper's,  372. 
henryi,  Chordeiles  virgiiiianus,  198. 
henshawi,  Chanisea  fasciata,  355. 
henslowi,  Passerherbulus,  257. 
hepatica,  Piranga,  289. 
Herodias,  96. 
herodias,  Ardea,  95. 
Herodii,  94,  383. 
Herodiones,  91,  383. 
Heron,  Anthony's  Green,  98. 

Black-crowned  Night,  99. 

European,  96. 

Frazar's  Green,  98. 

Great  Blue,  95. 

Great  White,  95. 

Green,  98. 

Little  Blue,  98. 

Louisiana,  97. 

Northwestern  Coast,  95. 

Ward's,  96. 

Yellow-crowned  Night,  99. 
hesperia,  Progne  subis,  290. 


Hesperiphona,  240. 
hesperis,  Chordeiles  virginianus,  199, 
hesperis,  Corvus  brachyrhynchos,  228. 
hesperophilus,  Astragalinus  psaltria, 

249. 

Hesperornis,  377. 
Hesperornithidse,  377. 
Heteractitis,  122. 

heterocnemis,  Bubo  virginianus,  176. 
hiaticula,  JUgialitis,   128. 
hiemalis,  Nannus,  340,  341. 
Hierofalco,  163. 
Himantopus,  109. 
himantopus,  Micropalama,  112. 
Hirundinidse,  290. 
Hirundo,  292. 
hirundo,  Sterna,  44. 
Histrionicus,  77. 
histrionicus,  Histrionicus,  77. 
holboelli,  Acanthis  linaria,  248. 
holboelli,  Colymbus,  22. 
homochroa,  Oceanodroma,  57. 
homorus,  Dryobates  pubescens,  187. 
hoopesi,  Sturnella  magna,  235. 
hornbyi,  Oceanodroma,  370. 
hornemanni,  Acanthis,  247. 
hoskinsi,  Glaucidium,  178. 
hoyti,  Otocoris  alpestris,  221. 
hudsonia,  Pica  pica,  221. 
hudsonius,  Circus,  155. 
hudsonicus,  Numenius,  125. 
hudsonicus,  Penthestes,  351. 
Hummingbird,  Allen's,  204. 

Anna's,  203. 

Black-chinned,  202. 

Blue-throated,  202. 

Broad-billed,  206. 

Broad-tailed,  203. 

Buff-bellied,  205. 

Calliope,  204. 

Costa's,  203. 

Lucifer,  205. 

Morcom's,  204. 

Rieffer's,  205. 

Rivoli,  201. 

Ruby-throated,  202. 


410 


INDEX. 


Hummingbird,  Rufous,  204. 

Salvin's,  206. 

White-eared,  206. 

Xantus's,  206. 

hutchinsi,  Branta  canadensis,  86. 
huttoni,  Vireo,  302. 
Hydranassa,  97. 
Hydrochelidon,  46. 
hyemalis,  Harelda,  77. 
hyemalis,  Junco,  266. 
Hylocichla,  359. 

hyloscopus,  Dryobates  villosus,  186. 
hyperboreus,  Chen,  83. 
hyperboreus,  Larus,  36. 
hyperboreus,  Plectrophenax,  251. 
hypochrysea,   Dendroica  palmarum. 

318. 

hypogaea,  Speotyto  cunicularia,  177. 
hypoleuca,    Aphelocoma   californica, 

225. 

hypoleucus,  Brachyramphus,  30. 
hypsibata,  Branta,  382 

IBID^B,  91. 
Ibides,  91. 
Ibis,  Glossy,  92. 

Scarlet,  92. 

White,  91. 

White-faced,  92. 

Wood,  93. 
Ichthyornis,  375. 
Ichthyornithidse,  375. 
Icteria,  323. 
Icteridse,  231,  372,  391. 
Icterus,  236. 
icterus,  Icterus,  372. 
Ictinia,  151. 

idahensis,  Phalacrocorax,  381. 
idahoeneis,  Otus  flammeola,  174. 
igneus,  Cardinalis  cardinalis,  283. 
ignota,  Geothlypis  trichas,  322. 
iliaca,  Passerella,  277. 
iliacus,  Telmatodytes  palustris,  343 
imberbe,  Camptostoma,  218. 
immer,  Gavia,  24. 
immutabilis,  Diomedea,  49. 


impennis,  Plautus,  32. 

impiger,  Penthestes  carolinensis,  350. 

inca,  Scardafella,  151. 

incanus,  Heteractitis,  122. 

inornatus,  Baeolophus,  348. 

inornatus,    Catoptrophorus    semipal- 

matus,  122. 

insignis,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
insularis,  Aphelocoma,  225 . 
insularis,  Junco,  269. 
insularis,  Otocoris  alpestris,  221. 
insularis,  Passerella  iliaca,  278. 
intermedia,  Meleagris  gallopavo,  146. 
interpres,  Arenaria,  131. 
involucratus,  Tangavius  seneus,  232. 
lonornis,  105. 
Iridoprocne,  293. 
islandica,  Clangula,  76. 
islandus,  Falco,  163. 
Ixobrychus,  94. 
Ixoreus,  364. 

JABIRU,  93. 
Jacana,  133. 

Mexican,  133. 
Jacanidae,  133. 
Jaeger,  Long-tailed,  34. 

Parasitic,  34. 

Pomarine,  34. 
jamaicensis,  Creciscus,  104. 
jamaicensis,  Erismatura,  82. 
Jay,  Alaskan,  227. 

Arizona,  225. 

Belding's,  225. 

Black-headed,  223. 

Blue,  222. 

Blue-eared,  224. 

Blue-fronted,  223. 

California,  225. 

Canada,  226. 

Coast,  223. 

Couch's,  225. 

Florida,  224. 

Florida  Blue,  222. 

Gray,  227. 

Green,  226. 


INDEX. 


411 


Jay,  Labrador,  227. 

Long-crested,  223. 

Oregon,  227. 

Pinon,  230. 

Queen  Charlotte,  223. 

Rocky  Mountain,  226. 

Santa  Cruz,  225. 

Steller's,  222. 

Texas,  224. 

Woodhouse's,  224. 

Xantus's,  225. 

juddi,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
Junco,  266. 
Junco,  Arizona,  268. 

Baird's,  268. 

Carolina,  267. 

Gray-headed,  268. 

Guadalupe,  269. 

Montana,  267. 

Oregon,  266. 

Pink-sided,  267. 

Point  Pinos,  267. 

Red-backed,  268. 

Ridgway's,  268. 

Slate-colored,  266. 

Shufeldt's,  266. 

Thurber's,  267. 

Townsend's,  268. 

White-winged,  266. 

K^EDINGI,  Oceanodroma,  56. 
kenaiensis,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
kennicotti,  Otus  asio,  173. 
Kestril,  166. 
Killdeer,  128. 
Kingbird,  208. 

Arkansas,  209. 

Cassin's,  209. 

Couch's,  209. 

Gray,  208. 
Kingfisher,  Belted,  183. 

Ringed,  184. 

Texas,  184. 
Kinglet,  Cuvier's,  374. 

Dusky,  357. 

Golden-crowned,  356. 


Kinglet,  Ruby-crowned,  356. 

Sitka,  357. 

Western  Golden-crowned,  356. 
kirtlandi,  Dendroica,  317. 
Kite,  Everglade,  155. 

Mississippi,  154. 

Swallow-tailed,  153. 

White-tailed,  154. 
Kittiwake,  35. 

Pacific,  36. 

Red-legged,  36. 
Knot,  112. 

krideri,  Buteo  borealis,  157. 
kuhli,  Pufiimis,  370. 
kumlieni,  Larus,  37. 

LABRADORIUS,  Camptorhynchus,  78. 

Lagopus,  140. 

iagopus,  Archibuteo,  161. 

lagopus,  Lagopus,  140. 

lazula,  Guiraca  caerulea,  285. 

laguna,  Sitta  carolinensis,  346. 

lamprocephalus,  Auriparus  flaviceps, 

354. 

Laniidse,  296. 
Lanius,  296. 
Lanivireo,  300. 
Laopteryx,  375. 
Laornis,  383. 
lapponica,  Limosa,  118. 
lapponica,  Scotiaptex  nebulosa,  171. 
lapponicus,  Calcarius,  251. 
Lapwing,  126. 
Larid£e,  35,  369,  380. 
Larinse,  35. 
Lark,  California  Horned,  220. 

Desert  Horned,  219. 

Dusky  Horned,  220. 

Horned,  219. 

Hoyt's  Horned,  221. 

Island  Horned,  221. 

Montezuma  Horned,  221. 

Pallid  Horned,  219. 

Prairie  Horned,  219. 

Ruddy  Horned,  220. 

Scorched  Horned,  220. 


412 


INDEX. 


Lark,  Sonoran  Horned,  220. 

Streaked  Horned,  220. 

Texas  Horned,  220. 
Larus,  36,  380. 
latirostris,  Cynanthus,  206. 
lawrencei,  Astragalinus,  249. 
lawrencei,  Myiarchus,  211. 
lazula,  Guiraca  cserulea,  285. 
lecontei,  Passerherbulus,  258. 
lecontei,  Toxostoma,  334. 
lentiginosus,  Botaurus,  94. 
lentus,  Ichthyornis,  376. 
lepida,  Tachycineta  thalassina,  293. 
Leptopelicanus,  65. 
leptosteus,  Bubo,  390. 
Leptotila,  149. 
leucocephala,  Columba,  147. 
leucocephalus,  Haliasetus,  162. 
leucogastra,  Sula,  60. 
leucolaema,  Otocoris  alpestris,  219. 
leucomelas,  Dryobates  villosus,  185. 
leuconota,  Sitta  pygmaea,  247. 
leucophsea,  Calidris,  118. 
leucophrys,  Thryomanes,  339. 
leucophrys,  Zonotrichia,  261. 
leucopsis,  Branta,  87. 
leucoptera,  Hydrochelidon,  47. 
leucoptera,  Loxia,  245. 
leucopterus,  Larus,  36. 
leucopterus,  Mimus  polyglottos,  331. 
leucorhoa,  Oceanodroma,  57. 
leucorhoa,  Saxicola  cenanthe,  366. 
Leucosticte,  246. 
leucotis,  Basilinna,  206. 
leucura,  Pinicola  enucleator,  241. 
leucurus,  Elanus,  154. 
leucurus,  Lagopus,  142. 
levipes,  Rallus,  102. 
lewisi,  Asyndesmus,  193. 
Ihermineri,  Puffinus,  52. 
Limicolae,  107,  386. 
Limosa,  118. 
limosa,  Limosa,  119. 
Limpkin,  101. 
linaria,  Acanthis,  248. 
lincolni,  Melospiza,  276. 


lineatus,  Buteo,  158. 

Linnet,  Brewster's,  372. 

littoralis,  Leucosticte,  246. 

littoralis,  Palseotringa,  386. 

littoralis,  Penthestes  hudsonicus,  351. 

lloydi,  Psaltriparus  melanotis,  353. 

lobatus,  Lobipes,  107. 

Lobipes,  107. 

lomitensis,  Thryothorus  ludovicianus, 

338. 

lorn  via,  Uria,  31,  32. 
longicauda,  Bartramia,  123. 
longicauda,  Icteria  virens,  324. 
longicaudus,  Stercorarius,  34. 
Longipennes,  33,  380. 
longirostre,  Toxostoma,  332. 
longirostris,  Rallus,  103. 
Longspur,  Alaska,  252. 

Chestnut-collared,  .252. 

Lapland,  251. 

McCown's,  252. 

Smith's,  252. 
Loon,  24. 

Black-throated,  24. 

Pacific,  25. 

Red-throated,  25. 

Yellow-billed,  24. 
Lophodytes,  67. 
Lophortyx,  136. 
Loxia,  245. 
loxostyla,  Sula,  380. 
lucaris,  Uintornis,  391. 
lucasi,  Pedioscetes,  387. 
lucasanus,  Dryobates  scalaris,  188. 
lucasanus,  Lanivireo  solitarius,  301. 
luciae,  Vermivora,  307. 
lucifer,  Calothorax,  205. 
Lunda,  25. 

ludoviciana,  Piranga,  288. 
ludoviciana,  Zamelodia,  284. 
ludovicianus,  Lanius,  297. 
ludovicianus,  Thryothorus,  337. 
lunifrons,  Petrochelidon,  291. 
luteiventris,  Myiodynastes,  210. 
lutescens,  Vermivora  celata,  308. 
luteus,  Colaptes  auratus,  194. 


INDEX. 


413 


lutosus,  Polyborus,  168. 
luxuosa,  Xanthoura,  226. 

MACFARLANEI,  OtUS  asio,   174. 

macgillivrayi,    Passerherbulus   mari- 

timus,  260. 
Machetes,  123. 
Macrochires,  196. 
macrodactyla,  Oceanodroma,  57. 
macromystax,      Antrostomus      voci- 

ferus,  197. 
Macronectes,  50. 
macropus,  Phalacrocorax,  381. 
Macrorhamphus,  111. 
macroura,  Zenaidura,  148. 
macrourus,  Megaquisculus  major,  240. 
macularia,  Actitis,  124. 
maculata,  Pisobia,  114. 
maculatus,  Pipilo,  279. 
maculosa,  Anas  fulvigula,  69. 
magister,  Myiarchus,  210,  211. 
magna,  Sturnella,  235. 
magnirostris,  Pipilo  maculata,  280. 
magnolia,  Dendroica,  313. 
magnus,  Cyphornis,  381. 
Magpie,  221. 

Yellow-billed,  222. 
major,  Megaquiscalus,  240. 
Mallard,  68. 
Mancalla,  379. 
mandti,  Cepphus,  30. 
Man-o'-War-bird,  66. 
Mareca,  69. 

marianse,  Telmatodytes  palustris,  343. 
Marila,  74,  75. 
marila,  Marila,  75. 
marina,  Pelagodroma,  59. 
marinus,  Larus,  37. 
maritima,  Arquatella,  113. 
maritimus,  Passerherbulus,  259. 
marmoratus,  Brachyramphus,  29. 
Martin,  Cuban,  291. 

European,  294. 

Gray-breasted,  291. 

Purple,  290. 

Western,  290. 


martinicus,  lonornis,  105. 
mauri,  Ereunetes,  117. 
maxillaris,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 
maxima,  Sterna,  63. 
maxwellige,  Otus  asio,  173. 
maynardi,  Coccyzus  minor,  181. 
maynardi,  Vireo  griseus,  302. 
mccalli,  Ortalis  vetula,  146. 
mccalli,  Otus  asio,  173. 
mccowni,  Rhynchophanes,  252. 
mcgregori,  Carpodacus,  244. 
Meadowlark,  235. 

Rio  Grande,  235. 

Southern,  235. 

Western,  236. 

mearnsi,  Cyrtonyx  montezumae,  137. 
mearnsi,  Junco  hyemalis,  267. 
mearnsi,  Toxostoma  cinereum,  333. 
media,  Gallinago,  111. 
medianus,  Dryobates  pubescens,  187. 
medius,  Vireo  belli,  303. 
Megaceryle,  183. 
Megalestris,  33. 

megalonyx,  Pipilo  maculatus,  280. 
Megaquiscalus,  240. 
megarhyncha,  Passerella  iliaca,  277. 
melancholicus,  Tyrannus,  208. 
Melanerpes,  192. 
melania,  Oceanodroma,  57. 
Melanitta,  81. 

melanocephala,  Arenaria,  132. 
melanocephala,  Zamelodia,  284. 
melanocephalus,  Icterus,  236. 
melanocorys,  Calamospiza,  288. 
melanogastra,     Petrochelidon     luni- 

frons,  292. 

melanoleucus,  Agronautes,  201. 
melanoleucus,  Totanus,  120. 
melanotis  Psaltriparus,  353. 
Meleagridse,  145,  388. 
Meleagris,  145,  388. 
meliger,  Nannus,  341. 
meloda,  jEgialitis,  129. 
melodia,  Melospiza,  272. 
Melopelia,  149. 
Melospiza,  272. 


414 


INDEX. 


Merganser,  66. 

Hooded,  67. 

Red-breasted,  67. 
Mergellus,  67. 
Merginse,  66. 
Mergus,  66. 
Merlin,  166. 

merriami,  Meleagris  gallopavo,  145. 
merriami,  Teratornis,  389. 
merrilli,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
merrilli,  Nyctidromus  albicollis,  198. 
merrilli,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 
meruloides,  Ixoreus  nsevius,  365. 
mesoleucus,  Pipilo  fuscus,  281. 
mexicana,  Grus,  100. 
mexicana,  Sialia,  367. 
mexicanus,  Carpodacus,  244. 
mexicanus,  Catherpes,  336,  337. 
mexicanus,  Cinclus,  329,  330. 
mexicanus,  Falco,  164. 
mexicanus,  Himantopus,  109. 
mexicanus,  Phalacrocorax  vigua,  63. 
mexicanus,  Pyrocephalus  rubinus,217. 
miamensis,     Thryothorus     ludovici- 

anus,  338. 

microcephala,  Wilsonia,  373. 
Micropalama,  112. 
Micropallas,  178. 
Micropodidae,  200. 
Micropodinse,  201. 
microsoma,  Halocyptena,  55. 
micrus,  Vireo  griseus,  302. 
migrans,  Lanius  ludovicianus,  298. 
migratorius,  Ectopistes,  148. 
migratorius,  Planesticus,  363. 
Mimidae,  330. 
Mimus,  330. 

minima,  Branta  canadensis,  86. 
minimus,  Empidonax,  216. 
minimus,  Psaltriparus,  352,  353. 
minor,  Coccyzus,  181. 
minor,  Fulica,  386. 
minor,  Loxia  curvirostra,  245. 
minor,  Philohela,  110. 
minutilla,  Pisobia,  115. 
minutus,  Larus,  41. 


mississippiensis,  Ictinia,  154. 
Mniotilta,  304. 
Mniotiltidae,  304,  373. 
Mockingbird,  331. 
Western,  331. 
mollissima,  Somateria,  79. 
Molothrus,  231. 
mongola,  ^Egialitis,  129. 
monocerata,  Cerorhinca,  27. 
montana,  Certhia  familiaris,  344. 
montana,  Dendroica,  373. 
montana,  Geotrygon,  151. 
montana,   Hesperiphona  vespertina, 

241. 

montana,  Melospiza  melodia,  273. 
montana,  Pinicola  enucleator,  242. 
montanus,  Junco  hyemalis,  267. 
montanus,  Oreoscoptes,  330. 
montanus,  Pipilo  maculatus,  280. 
montanus,  Podasocys,  130. 
montezumse,  Cyrtonyx,  137. 
monticola,  Dryobates  villosus,  186. 
monticola,  Spizella,  263. 
morcomi,  Atthis,  204. 
morelleti,  Sporophila,  287. 
morinella,  Arenaria  interpres,  131. 
morinellus,  Eudromias,  126. 
morphna,  Melospiza  melodia,  273. 
Motacilla,  327. 
motacilla,  Seiurus,  320. 
Motacillidse,  327. 
motzfeldi,  Cepphus,  369. 
Murre,  31. 

Briinnich's,  32. 

California,  31. 

Pallas's,  32. 
Murrelet,  Ancient,  29. 

Graver's,  30. 

Kittlitz's,  29. 

Marbled,  29. 

Xantus's,  30. 
Muscivora,  207. 
musicus,  Turdus,  363. 
mustelina,  Hylocichla,  359. 
Myadestes,  358. 
Myadestinae,  358. 


INDEX. 


415 


Mycteria,  93. 
mycteria.  Jabiru,  93. 
Mycteriinae,  93. 
Myiarchus,  210. 
Myiochanes,  213. 
Myiodynastes,  210. 

N2EVIU8,  Ixoreus,  364. 

naevius,  Nycticorax  nycticorax,  99. 

nana,  Hylocichla  guttata,  362. 

Nannus,  340. 

nanus,  Pedioecetes,  387. 

naumanni,  Fratercula  arctica,  26. 

nebouxi,  Sula,  60. 

nebularius,  Glottis,  119. 

nebulosa,  Scotiaptex,  171. 

neglecta,  Sturnella,  236. 

neglectus,  Penthestes  rufescens,  352. 

nelsoni,  Dryobates  pubescens,  187. 

nelsoni,  Icterus  cucullatus,  237. 

nelsoni,  Lagopus  rupestris,  141. 

nelsoni,  Larus,  37. 

nelsoni,  Myiarchus  magister,  211. 

nelsoni,  Passerherbulus,  258. 

nelsoni,  Sitta  carolinensis,  346. 

Neocorys,  329. 

Neomorphinae,  180. 

neoxenus,  Ixobrychus,  95. 

Netta,  73. 

Nettion,  70. 

neutralis,  Agelaius  phoeniceus,  234. 

nevadensis,  Amphispiza,  270. 

niger,  Cypseloides,  200. 

Nighthawk,  198. 

Florida,  199. 

Pacific,  199. 

Sennett's,  199. 

Texas,  199. 

Western,  198. 
nigra,  Hydrochelidon,  47. 
nigra,  Rynchops,  48. 
nigrescens,  Dendroica,  316. 
nigrescens,  Passerherbulus,  260. 
nigricans,  Branta,  87. 
nigricans,  Sayornis,  212. 
nigricapillus,   Perisoreus  canadensis, 
227. 


nigricollis,  Colymbus,  22. 

nigrifrons,  Dendroica  auduboni,  313. 

nigrilora,   Compsothlypis    pitiayumi, 

310. 

nigripes,  Diomedea,  48. 
nilotica,  Gelochelidon,  42. 
nitens,  Phainopepla,  296. 
nitidus,  Phalaenoptilus  nuttalli,  197. 
nivalis,  Chen  hyperboreus,  83. 
nivalis,  Plectrophenax,  250,  251. 
nivosa,  JSgialitis,  129. 
nobilis,  Aletornis,  384. 
Noddy,  47. 
Nomonyx,  83. 
notabilis,     Seiurus     noveboracensis, 

320. 

notatus,  Spinus,  250. 
notkensis,  Sphyrapicus  ruber,  191. 
noveboracensis,  Coturnicops,  104. 
noveboracensis,  Seiurus,  319. 
nuchalis,  Sphyrapicus  varius,  190. 
Nucifraga,  229. 
Numenius,  124. 
Nutcracker,  Clarke's,  230. 
Nuthatch,  Brown-headed,  346. 

Florida  White-breasted,  345. 

Pigmy,  346. 

Red-breasted,  346. 

Rocky  Mountain,  346. 

Slender-billed,  345. 

San  Lucas,  346. 

White-breasted,  345. 

White-naped,  347. 
nuttalli,  Dryobates,  188. 
nuttalli,  Phalaenoptilus,  197. 
nuttalli,  Pica,  222. 

nuttalli,  Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  262. 
Nuttallornis,  213. 
Nyctanassa,  99. 
Nyctea,  176. 
nyctea,  Nyctea,  176. 
Nycticorax,  99. 
nycticorax,  Nycticorax,  99. 
Nyctidromus,  198. 
Nyroca,  74. 

OBSCURA,  Aphelocoma  calif  ornica,225. 


416 


INDEX. 


obscura,  Polioptila  caerulea,  358. 
obscurus,  Dendragapus,  138. 
obscurus,  Molothrus  ater,  232. 
obscurus,  Regulus,  357. 
obscurus,  Perisoreus,  227. 
obscurus,  Vireo  huttoni,  303. 
obsoletus,  Falco  rusticolus,  164. 
obsoletus,  Rallus,  102. 
obsoletus,  Salpinctes,  336. 
occidentalis,  ^Echmophorus,  21. 
occidentalis,  Ardea,  95. 
occidentalis,  Branta  canadensis,  86. 
occidentalis,  Catharista,  389. 
occidentalis,  Certhia  familiaris,  344. 
occidentalis,    Coccyzus    americanus, 

182. 

occidentalis,  Dendroica,  317. 
occidentalis,  Geothlypis  trichas,  322. 
occidentalis,  Larus,  38. 
occidentalis,  Otocoris  alpestris,  221. 
occidentalis,  Passerherbulus  henslowi, 

258. 

occidentalis,  Pelecanus,  65. 
occidentalis,  Penthestes  atricapillus, 

349. 

occidentalis,  Sialia,  367. 
occidentalis,  Strix,  170. 
oceanicus,  Oceanites,  58. 
Oceanites,  58. 
Oceanitinse,  58. 
Oceanodrama,  56. 
ochracea,  Spizella  monticola,  363. 
ochrophus,  Helodromas,  121. 
Ochthodromus,  130. 
Odontoglossse,  90,  383. 
Odontolcse,  377. 
Odontophoridse,  134. 
Odontormse,  375. 
oenanthe,  Saxicola,  365,  366. 
Oidemia,  80. 
Old-squaw,  77. 
olivacea,  Vireosylva,  298. 
olivacens,  Myiarchus  lawrencei,  211. 
olivaceus,  Peucedramus,  310. 
olivaceus,  Regulus  satrapa,  356. 
Olor,  89,  382. 


Onychoprion,  46. 
opisthomelas,  Puffinus,  53. 
Oporornis  320. 
oreganus,  Junco,  266. 
oregonus,  Larus,  380. 
oregonus,  Pipilo  maculatus,  280. 
Oreortyx,  135. 
Oreoscoptes,  330. 
Oreospiza,  282. 
Oriole,  Arizona,  237. 
Audubon's,  236. 
Baltimore,  238. 
Bullock's,  238. 
Orchard,  237. 
Scott's,  236. 
Sennett's,  237. 
ornatus,  Calcarius,  252. 
Ornithopappi,  375. 
OrnithursB,  375. 
Ortalis,  146. 

oryzivorus,  Dolichonyx,  231. 
osborni,  Creccoides,  385. 
Oscines,  218. 

osceola,  Meleagris  gallopavo,  146. 
osgoodi,  Canachites  canadensis,  139. 
Osprey,  168. 
ossifragus,  Corvus,  229. 
ostralegus,  Hsematopus,  132. 
Otocoris,  219. 
Otus,  172. 
Oven-bird,  319. 
Owl,  Aiken's  Screech,  173. 

Arctic  Horned,  175. 

Barn,  168. 

Barred,  170. 

Burrowing,  177. 

California  Pygmy,  178. 

California  Screech,  173. 

Dusky  Horned,  175. 

Dwarf  Horned,  175. 

Dwarf  Screech,  174. 

Elf,  178. 

European  Hawk,  176. 

Ferruginous  Pygmy,  178. 

Flammulated  Screech,  174. 

Florida  Barred,  170. 


INDEX. 


417 


Owl,  Florida  Burrowing,  177. 

Florida  Screech,  173. 

Great  Gray,  171. 

Great  Horned,  175. 

Hawk,  177. 

Hoskins's  Pygmy,  178. 

Kennicott's  Screech,  173. 

Labrador  Horned,  176. 

Lapp,  171. 

Long-eared,  169. 

MacFarlane's  Screech,  174. 

Mexican  Screech,  173. 

Northern  Spotted,  170. 

Northwestern  Saw-whet,  172. 

Pacific  Horned,  175. 

Pygmy,  178. 

Richardson's,  171. 

Rocky  Mountain  Screech,  173. 

Saint  Michael  Horned,  176. 

Saw-whet,  172. 

Screech,  172. 

Short-eared,  169. 

Snowy,  176. 

Spotted,  170. 

Spotted  Screech,  174. 

Texas  Barred,  170. 

Texas  Screech,  173. 

Western  Horned,  175. 

Xantus's  Screech,  174. 
Oxyechus,  128. 
Oyster-catcher,  132. 

Black,  133. 

European,  132. 

Frazar's,  133. 

PACHYRHYNCHA,  Rhynchopsitta,  179. 

pacifica,  Gavia,  25. 

pacificus,  Bubo  virginianus,  175. 

pacificus,  Nannus  hiemalis,  341. 

Pagophila,  35. 

Palaeoborus,  389. 

Palaeonornis,  393. 

Palaeospiza,  392. 

Palseotetrix,  387. 

Palaeotringa,  386. 

pallasi,  Hylocichla  guttata,  362. 


pallescens,  Bubo  virginianus,  175. 
pallescens,  Chaemepelia  passerina,  150. 
palliatus,  Hsematopus,  132. 
palliatus,  Junco  phaeonotus,  268. 
pallida,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 
pallida,  Spizella,  264. 
pallidicinctus,  Tympanuchus,  144. 
pallidiventris,   Myiochanes  pertinax, 

213. 

pallidus,  Astragalinus  tristis,  249. 
palmarum,  Dendroica,  318. 
palmeri,  Toxostoma  curvirostre,  333. 
paloccidentalis,  Ardea,  383. 
paloregonus,  Olor,  382. 
patpebrata,  Phcebetria,  49. 
paludicola,    Telmatodytes    palustris, 

343. 

Paludicolae,  100,  384. 
palustris,  Telmatodytes,  342. 
Pandion,  168. 
Pandionidae,  168. 
papa,  Sarcorhamphus,  371. 
Parabuteo,  156. 
paradisaea,  Sterna,  44. 
parasiticus,  Stercorarius,  34. 
Parauque,  Merrill's,  198. 
Paridae,  347. 
parisorum,  Icterus,  236. 
parkmani,  Troglodytes  aedon,  340. 
Paroquet,  Carolina,  179. 
Parrot,  Thick-billed,  179. 
Partridge,  Alaska  Spruce,  139. 

Canada  Spruce,  139. 

Hudsonian  Spruce,  139. 
pascuus,  Corvus  brachyrhynchos,  228. 
Passerculus,  254. 
Passerella,  277. 
Passeres,  207,  391. 
Passerherbulus,  257. 
Passerina,  285. 
passerina,  Chaemepelia,  150. 
passerina,  Spizella,  263. 
paulus,  Falco  sparverius,  167. 
Pavo,  387. 

pealei,  Falco  peregrinus,  164. 
Pedicecetes,  144,  387. 


418 


INDEX. 


pelagica,  Chsetura,  200. 
pelagica,  Thalassidroma,  56. 
pelagicus,  Phalacrocorax,  64. 
Pelagodroma,  59. 
Pelecanidae,  64,  381. 
Pelecanus,  64. 
Pelican,  Brown,  65. 

California  Brown,  65. 
White,  65. 
Pelidna,  115. 
Pelionetta,  82. 
Pendulinus,  237. 
penelope,  Mareca,  69. 
Penelopes,  146,  388. 
Penelopinae,  146. 
penicillatus,  Phalacrocorax,  63. 
peninsulse,    Myiochanes    richardsoni, 

214. 
peninsulas,  Passerherbulus  maritimus, 

259. 

peninsulse,  Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata,  284. 
peninsularis,  Falco  sparverius,  167. 
peninsularis,  Lagopus  leucurus,  143. 
pensylvanica,  Dendroica,  314. 
Penthestes,  349. 
peregrina,  Vermivora,  309. 
peregrinus,  Falco,  164. 
Perisoreus,  226. 
Perissoglossa,  310. 
pernix,  Aletornis,  485. 
perspicillata,  Oidemia,  82. 
pertinax,  Myiarchus  cinerascens,  210. 
pert  max,  Myiochanes,  213. 
Petrel,  Ashy,  57. 

Black,  57. 

Black-capped,  54. 

Bulwer's  55. 

Fisher's,  55. 

Fork-tailed,  56. 

Guadaloupe,  57. 

Hawaiian,  57. 

Hornby's,  370. 

Leach's,  57. 

Least,  55. 

Kaeding's,  56. 

Pintado,  51. 


Petrel,  Scaled,  55. 

Socorro,  58. 

Storm,  56. 

White-bellied,  58. 

White-faced,  59. 

Wilson's,  58. 
Petrochelidon,  291. 
Peucsea,  270. 
Peucedramus,  310. 
Pewee,  Large-billed,  214. 

Western  Wood,  214. 

Wood,  213. 

phaea,  Chamsea  fasciata,  355. 
phseonotus,  Junco,  268. 
phseopus,  Numenius,  125. 
Phaethon,  59. 
Phaethontidse,  59. 
Phainopepla,  296. 
Phalacrocoracidse,  62,  381. 
Phalacrocorax,  62,  381. 
Phalsenoptilus,  197. 
Phalarope,  Northern,  107. 

Red,  107. 

Wilson's,  108. 
Phalaropodidse,  107. 
Phalaropus,  107. 
Phaleris,  27. 

phalcena,  Falco  sparverius,  167. 
phaloenoides,  Glaucidium,  178. 
phasianellus,  Pedicecetes,  144. 
Phasiani,  134,  387. 
Phasianidse,  387. 
Philacte,  88. 
Philadelphia,  Larus,  40. 
Philadelphia,  Oporornis,  321. 
philadelphica,  Vireosylva,  299. 
Philohela,  110. 
Phoebastria,  48. 
Phoebe,  212. 

Black,  212. 

Say's,  212. 

phcebe,  Sayornis,  212. 
Phoebetria,  49. 
phoeniceus,  Agelaius,  233. 
Phoenicopteridse,  90,  383. 
Phoenicopterus,  90,  383. 


INDEX. 


419 


Phlceotomus,  191. 

Pica,  221. 

pica,  Pica,  221. 

Pici,  185,  391. 

Picicorvus,  229. 

PicidjB,  185. 

Picoides,  189. 

picoideus,  Dryobates  villosus,  186. 

picta,  Oreortyx,  135. 

picta,  Setophaga,  326. 

pictus,  Calcarius,  252. 

Pigeon,  Band-tailed,  147. 

Passenger,  148. 

Red-billed,  147. 

Scaled,  148. 

Viosca's,  147. 

White-crowned,  147. 
pileatus,  Phloaotomus,  191,  192. 
pileolata,  Wilsonia  pusilla,  325. 
Pinicola,  241. 

pinosus.  Junco  hyemalis,  267. 
Pintail,  72. 
pinus,  Spinus,  250. 
pinus,  Vermivora,  306. 
Pipilo,  279. 
Pipit,  328. 

Meadow,  328. 

Red-throated,  329. 

Sprague's,  329. 
Piranga,  288. 
piscator,  Sula,  61. 
Pisobia,  113. 

pitiayumi,  Compsothlypis,  310. 
Pitangus,  209. 
plagiata,  Asturina,  160. 
Planesticus,  363. 
Plataleidse,  91. 

platycercus,  Selasphoms,  203. 
Platypsaris,  207. 
platypterus,  Buteo,  159. 
platyrhynchos,  Anas,  68. 
Plautus,  32. 
Plectrophenax,  250. 
Plegadis,  92. 

plesius,  Telmatodytes  palustris,  343. 
pliogryps,  Aquila,  390. 


Plover,  Black-bellied,  126. 

European  Golden,  127. 

Golden,  127. 

Little  Ringed,  129. 

Mongolian,  129. 

Mountain,  130. 

Pacific  Golden,  127. 

Piping,  129. 

Ringed,  128. 

Semipalmated,  128. 

Snowy,  129. 

Upland,  123. 

Wilson's,  130. 
plumbea,  Polioptila,  358. 
plumbeus,  Lanivireo  solitarius,   300. 
plumbeus,  Psaltriparus,  353. 
plumifera,  Oreortyx  picta,  135. 
Podasocys,  130. 
podiceps,  Podilymbus,  23. 
Podilymbus,  23. 

poliocephala,  Chamaethlypis,  323. 
Polioptila,  357. 
Polioptilinae,  357. 
pollicaris,  Rissa  tridactyla,  36. 
Polyborinse,  167. 
Polyborus,  167. 
polyglottos,  Mimus,  330,  331. 
Polysticta,  54. 
pomarinus,  Stercorarius,  34. 
Pocecetes,  253. 
Poor-will,  197. 

Dusky,  197. 

Frosted,  197. 
Porzana,  103. 
porzana,  Porzana,  103. 
pratensis,  Anthus,  328. 
praticola,  Otocoris  alpestris,  219. 
pratincola,  Aluco,  168. 
princeps,  Passerculus,  254. 
principalis,  Campephilus,  185. 
principalis,  Corvus  corax,  228. 
Priocella,  51. 
Priofinus,  54. 
priscus,  Laopteryx,  375. 
prisous,  Telmatornis,  385. 
proavus,  Grus,  384. 


420 


INDEX. 


Procellariidae,  50,  370,  380. 
Procellariinse,  55. 
Progne,  290. 
propinqua,  Branta,  382. 
propinquus,  Planesticus  migratorius, 

363. 

Protonotaria,  305. 
psaltria,  Astragalinus,  249. 
Psaltriparus,  352. 
Psittaci,  179. 
Psittacidse,  179. 
psittacula,  Phaleris,  27. 
Ptarmigan,  Adak,  142. 

Alexander's,  141. 

Allen's,  141. 

Dixon's,  142. 

Evermann's,  142. 

Kenai  White-tailed,  143. 

Nelson's,  141. 

Reinhardt's,  141. 

Rock,  141. 

Townsend's,  142. 

Turner's,  141. 

Welch's,  142. 

White-tailed,  142. 

Willow,  140. 
Pteropappi,  375. 
ptilocnemis,  Arquatella,  112. 
Ptilogonatidse,  296. 
Ptychoramphus,  27. 
pubeecens,  Dryobates,  187. 
Puffin,  26. 

Homed,  26. 

Large-billed,  26. 

Tufted,  25. 
Puffinidae,  52. 
Puffinus,  52,  380. 
puffinus,  Puffinus,  52. 
pugnax,  Machetes,  123. 
pulchra,  Passerina  versicolor,  286. 
pulverius,  Salpinctes  obsoletus,  336. 
pumilus,  Graculavus,  381. 
punctulatus,    Catherpes    mexicanus, 

337. 

purpureus,  Carpodacus,  243. 
pusilla,  ^Ethia,  28. 


pusilla,  Sitta,  346. 

pusilla,  Spizella,  265. 

pusilla,  Wilsonia,  325. 

pusillula,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 

pusillus,  Ereunetes,  117. 

pusillus,  Vireo  belli,  303. 

pygmaea,  ^Ethia,  28. 

pygmsea,  Sitta,  346. 

pygmaeus,  Empidonax  fulvifrons,  217. 

pygmaeus,  Eurynorhynchus,  117. 

Pygopodes,  21,  379. 

Pyrocephalus,  217. 

Pyrrhula,  242. 

Pyrrhuloxia,  283. 

Pyrrhuloxia,  Arizona,  283. 

San  Lucas,  284. 

Texas,  283. 

QUAIL,  California,  136. 

Chestnut-bellied,  136. 

Gambel's,  137. 

Mearns's,  137. 

Mountain,  135 

Plumed,  135. 

San  Pedro,  135. 

Scaled,  136. 

Valley,  136. 
Quail-Dove,  Blue-headed,  151. 

Key  West,  151 

Ruddy,  151. 
Querquedula,  71. 
querula,  Zonotrichta,  261. 
Quiscalus,  239. 
quiscula,  Quiscalus,  239. 

RAIL,  Belding's,  102. 
Black,  104. 

California  Clapper,  102. 
Caribbean  Clapper,  103. 
Clapper,  102. 
Farallon,  104. 
Florida  Clapper,  102. 
King,  101. 

Louisiana  Clapper,  102. 
Light-footed,  102. 
Virginia.  103. 


INDEX. 


421 


Rail,  Wayne's  Clapper,  102. 

YeUow,  104. 
Ralli,  101,  385. 
Rallidse,  101,  385. 
Rallinae,  101. 
Rallus,  101. 
Raptores,  152,  389. 
rara,  Cimolopteryx,  392. 
Raven,  228. 

Northern,  228. 
White-necked,  228. 
Recurvirostra,  108. 
Recurvirostridse,  108. 
Redhead,  74. 

redivivum,  Toxostoma,  334. 
Redpoll,  248. 

Greenland,  247. 
Greater,  248. 
Hoary,  247. 
Holboll's,  248. 
Redshank,  Common,  371. 
Redstart,  326. 

Painted,  326. 
Red-tail,  Alaska,  158. 

Western,  157. 
Red-wing,  Bahama,  233. 
Bicolored,  234. 
Florida,  234. 
Northwestern,  234. 
San  Diego,  234. 
Sonora,  233. 
Thick-billed,  234. 
Tricolored,  235. 
Vera  Cruz,  234. 
regalis,  Hesperornis,  377. 
regens,  Barornis,  379. 
Regulinse,  356. 
Regulus,  356. 

reinhardi,  Lagopus  rupestris,  141. 
resplendens,  Phalacrocorax  pelagicus, 

64. 

retusa,  Cimolopteryx,  392. 
Rhodostethia,  41. 
Rhyacophilus,  121. 
Rhyncodon,  164. 
Rhynchofalco,  166. 


Rhynchophanes,  252. 
Rhynchopsitta,  179. 
richardsoni,  Cryptoglaux  funerea,  171. 
richardsoni,    Dendragapus   obscurus, 

138. 

richardsoni,  Falco  columbarius,  165. 
richardsoni,  Myiochanes,  214. 
richmondi,  Agelaius  phoeniceus,  234. 
ridgwayi,  Colinus,  135. 
Riparia,  294. 
riparia,  Riparia,  294. 
Rissa,  35. 

rivularis,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
Road-runner,  181. 
Robin,  363. 

San  Lucas,  364. 

Southern,  364. 

Western,  363. 

robusta,  Cyanosylvia  suecica,  365. 
robustus,  Larus,  380. 
robustus,    Phalacrocorax    pelagicus, 

46. 

rodgersi,  Fulmarus,  51. 
Rook,  229. 

rosea,  Rhodostethia,  41. 
rossi,  Chen,  84. 

rostrata,  Acanthis  linaria,  248. 
rostratus,  Passerculus,  255. 
Rostrhamus,  154. 
Rough-leg,  Ferruginous,  161. 
rubea,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 
ruber,  Phoenicopterus,  90. 
ruber,  Sphyrapicus,  191. 
ruberrimus,    Carpodacus   mexicanua, 

244. 

rubescens,  Anthus,  328. 
rubiginosa,  Dendroica  aestiva,  311. 
rubinus,  Pyrocephalus,  217,  218. 
rubra,  Guara,  92. 
rubra,  Piranga,  289. 
rubricapilla,  Vermivora,  307. 
rubricaudus,  Phafithon,  60. 
rubriceps,  Piranga,  373. 
rubrifrons,  Cardellina,  327. 
rubripes,  Anas,  68. 
rufescens,  Dichromanassa,  97. 


422 


INDEX. 


rufescens,  Penthestes,  352. 
Ruff,  123. 

ruficeps,  Aimophila,  271,  272. 
ruficollis,  Hydranassa  tricolor,  97. 
ruficollis,  Pisobia,  371. 
rufina,  Melospiza  melodia,  274. 
rufina,  Netta,  73. 
rufipileus,  Colaptes,  195. 
rufivirgatus,  Arremenops,  278. 
rufula,  Chamsea  fasciata,  355. 
rufum,  Toxostoma,  332. 
rufus,  Selasphorus,  204. 
rupestris,  Lagopus,  141. 
rustica,  Hirundo,  292. 
rusticola,  Scolopax,  109. 
rusticolus,  Falco,  163. 
ruticilla,  Setophaga,  326. 
Rynchopidae,  48. 
Rynchops,  48. 

SABINI,  Bonasa  umbellus,  140. 

sabini,  Xema,  41. 

sakhalina,  Pelidna  alpina,  116. 

salicamans,  Astragalinus  tristis,  249. 

salicicola,  Hylocichla  fuscescens,  360. 

Salpinctes,  335. 

salvini,  Uranomitra,  206. 

samuelis,  Melospiza  melodia,  273. 

sanaka,  Melospiza  melodia,  275. 

sancti-johannis,  Archibuteo  lagopus, 

161. 
sanctorum,     Passerculus     rostratus, 

256. 

Sanderling,  118. 
Sandpiper,  Aleutian,  113. 

Baird's,  114. 

Buff-breasted,  124. 

Cooper's,  370. 

Curlew,  116. 

Green,  121. 

Least,  115. 

Pectoral,  114. 

Pribilof,  113. 

Purple,  113. 

Red-backed,  116. 

Semipalmated,  117. 


Sandpiper,  Sharp-tailed,  113. 

Solitary,  121. 

Spoon-bill,  117. 

Spotted,  124. 

Stilt,  112. 

Western,  117. 

Western  Solitary,  121. 

White-rumped,  114. 

Wood,  121. 

sandvicensis,  Sterna,  43. 
sandwichensis,  Passerculus,  254. 
Sapsucker,    Northern    Red-breasted, 
191. 

Red-breasted,  191. 

Red-naped,  190. 

Williamson's,  191. 

Yellow-bellied,  190. 
Sarcorhamphi,  152,  389. 
Sarcorhamphus,  371. 
satrapa,  Regulus,  356. 
saturatior,  Colaptes  cafer,  195. 
saturatus,  Bubo  virginianus,  175. 
saturatus,  Rallus  crepitans,  102. 
Saururae,  375. 
savanna,  Passerculus  sandwichensis, 

254. 

savannarum,  Ammodramus,  256. 
Saxicola,  365. 
Sayornis,  212. 
sayus,  Sayornis,  212. 
scalaris,  JSstrelata,  55. 
scalaris,  Dryobates,  188. 
Scardafella,  151. 

schistacea,  Passerella  iliaca,  277. 
schistisagus,  Larus,  37. 
sclateri,  Penthestes,  350. 
scolopaceus,  Macrorhamphus  griseus, 

111. 

Scolopacidse,  109,  371,  386. 
Scolopax,  109. 

scotsea,  Cryptoglaux  acadica,  172. 
Scoter,  80. 

Surf,  82. 

Velvet,  81. 

White-winged,  81. 
Scotiaptex,  171. 


INDEX. 


423 


scotti,  Aimophila  ruficeps,  272. 
scotti,  Rallus  crepitans,  102. 
Seedeater,  Sharpe's,  287. 
Seiurus,  319. 
Selasphorus,  203. 
semipalmata,  ^Egialitis,  128. 
semipalmatus,  Catoptrophorus,    122. 
senicula,  Pipilo  crissalis,  281. 
sennetti,     Baeolophus     atricristatus, 

348. 

sennetti,  Buteo  albicaudatus,  159. 
sennetti,  Chordeiles  virginianus,  199. 
sennetti,  Icterus  cucullatus,  237. 
sennetti,   Passerherbulus  maritimus, 

259. 

sennetti,  Toxostoma  longirostre,  332. 
septentrionalis,  Cathartes  aura,  152. 
septentrionalis,  Ceryle  americana, 

184. 
septentrionalis,     Penthestes     atrica- 

pillus,  349. 

sequoiensis,  Hylocichla  guttata,  362. 
serrator,  Mergus,  67. 
serripennis,  Stelgidopteryx,  295. 
Setophaga,  326. 

sharpei,  Sporophila  morelleti,  287. 
Shearwater,  Allied,  53. 

Audubon's,  52. 

Black-tailed,  54. 

Black-vented,  53. 

Cinereous,  370. 

Cory's,  52. 

Greater,  52. 

Manx,  52. 

New  Zealand,  54. 

Pink-footed,  52. 

Slender-billed,  53. 

Sooty,  53. 

Townsend's,  53. 

Wedge-tailed,  54. 
Sheldrake,  Ruddy,  72. 
sheppardianus,  Charadrius,  386. 
Shoveller,  72. 
Shrike,  California,  297. 

Island,  297. 

Loggerhead,  297. 


Shrike,  Migrant,  298. 

Northern,  296. 

White-rumped,  297. 
Sialia,  366. 
sialis,  Sialia,  366. 
sieberi,  Aphelocoraa,  225. 
sierrse,  Dendragapus  obscurus,  138. 
silvestris,  Meleagris  gallopavo,  145. 
sinuata,  Pyrrhuloxia,  283. 
sinuatus,  Corvus  corax,  228. 
sinuosa,  Geothlypis  trichas,  323. 
Siskin,  Pine,  250. 
Sitta,  345. 
Sittidae,  345. 
Skimmer,  Black,  48. 
Skua,  33. 

skua,  Megalestris,  33. 
Skylark,  218. 

slevini,  Hylocichla  guttata,  362. 
Smew,  67. 
Snipe,  European,  110. 

Great,  111. 

Wilson's,  110. 

sociabilis,  Rostrhamus,  155. 
socorroensis,  Oceanodroma,  58. 
sodalis,  Aquila,  390. 
Solitaire,  Townsend's,  359. 
solitarius,  Helodromas,  120,  121. 
solitarius,  Lanivireo,  300. 
Somateria,  79. 

sonorana,  Dendroica  sestiva,  311. 
sonoriensis,  Agelaius  phoeniceus,  233. 
Sora,  103. 

sordida,  Vermivora  celata,  308.    ; 
sororia,  Aimophila  ruficeps,  272.  if I 
Sparrow,  Acadian  Sharp-tailed,  259. 

Alameda  Song,  274. 

Aleutian  Savannah,  254. 

Aleutian  Song,  275. 

Bachman's,  271. 

Baird's,  256. 

Belding's,  255. 

Bell's,  269. 

Bischoff  s  Song,  275. 

Black-chinned,  265. 

Black-throated,  269. 


424 


INDEX. 


Sparrow,  Botteri's,  271. 
Brewer's,  264. 
Brown's  Song,  274. 
Bryant's,  255. 
California  Sage,  270. 
Cassin's,  271. 
Chipping,  263. 
Clay-colored,  264. 
Dakota  Song,  274. 
Desert,  269. 
Desert  Song,  273. 
Dusky  Seaside,  260. 
Field,  265. 

Florida  Grasshopper,  257. 
Forbush's,  276. 
Fox,  277. 
Gambel's,  262. 
Golden-crowned,  362. 
Grasshopper,  256. 
Gray  Sage,  270. 
Harris's,  261. 
Heermann's  Song,  273. 
Henslow's,  257. 
Ipswich,  254. 
Kadiak  Fox,  278. 
Kenai  Song,  275. 
Laguna,  272. 
Large-billed,  255. 
Lark,  260. 
Leconte's,  258. 
Lincoln's,  276. 
Louisiana  Seaside,  259. 
Macgillivray's  Seaside,  260. 
Mendocino  Song,  275. 
Merrill's  Song,  274. 
Mountain  Song,  273. 
Nelson's,  258. 
Nuttall's,  262. 
Oregon  Vesper,  253. 
Pine-wood's,  270. 
Rock,  272. 

Rufous-crowned,  272. 
Rufous-winged,  271. 
Rusty  Song,  273. 
Sage,  270. 
Samuel's  Song,  273. 


Sparrow,  San  Benito,  256. 

San  Diego  Song,  275. 

San  Clemente  Song,  274. 

San  Lucas,  255. 

Santa  Barbara  Song,  274. 

Savannah,  254. 

Scott's,  272. 

Scott's  Seaside,  259. 

Seaside,  259. 

Sharp-tailed,  258. 

Shumagin  Fox,  277. 

Slate-colored  Fox,  277. 

Song,  272. 

Sooty  Fox,  278. 

Sooty  Song,  274. 

Stephens's  Fox,  278. 

Suisun  Song,  275. 

Swamp,  276. 

Texas,  278. 

Texas  Seaside,  259. 

Thick-billed  Fox,  277. 

Townsend's  Fox,  278. 

Tree,  263. 

Vesper,  253. 

Western  Chipping,  264. 

Western  Field,  265. 

Western  Grasshopper,  257. 

Western  Henslow's,  258. 

Western  Lark,  260. 

Western  Savannah,  254. 

Western  Tree,  263. 

Western  Vesper,  253. 

White-crowned,  261. 

White-throated,  262. 

Worthen's,  265. 

Yakutat  Song,  275. 
sparverius,  Falco,  166. 
sparveroides,  Falco,  167. 
Spatula,  72. 

spectabilis,  Somateria,  80. 
Speotyto,  177. 
Sphyrapicus,  190. 

spilurus,  Thryomanes  bewicki,  338. 
spinosa,  Jacana,  133. 
Spinus,  250. 
Spiza,  287. 


INDEX. 


425 


Spizella,  263. 

sponsa,  Aix,  73. 

Spoonbill,  Roseate,  91. 

Sporophila,  286. 

spraguei,  Anthus,  329. 

spurius,  Icterus,  237. 

squamata,  Callipepla,  136. 

squamosa,  Columba,  148. 

Squatarola,  126. 

squatarola,  Squatarola,  126. 

Starling,  230. 

Starnoenas,  151. 

Steganopodes,  59,  380. 

Steganopus,  108. 

Stelgidopteryx,  295. 

stellaris,  Cistotherus,  342. 

stellata,  Gavia,  25. 

stelleri,  Cyanocitta,  222. 

stelleri,  Polysticta,  78. 

Stellula,  204. 

stephensi,  Passerella  iliaca,  278. 

stephensi,  Vireo  huttoni,  302. 

Stercorariidse,  33. 

Stercorarius,  34. 

Sterna,  42,  44. 

Sternince,  42. 

Sternula,  45. 

Stilt,  Black-necked,  109. 

Stint,  Long-toed,  115. 

stolidus,  Anoiis,  47. 

streperus,  Chaulelasmus,  69. 

striata,  Dendroica,  315. 

striata,  Melospiza  lincolni,  276. 

striatulus,  Astur  atricapillus,  156. 

stricklandi,  Loxia  curvirostra,  245. 

strigata,  Otocoris  alpestris,  220. 

strigatus,     Chondestes     grammacus, 

260. 

Striges,  168,  390. 
Strigidae,  169,  390. 
Strix,  169. 

struthionoides,  Palseonomis,  393. 
Sturnella,  235. 
Sturnidse,  230. 
Sturnus,  230. 
subarcticus,  Bubo  virginianus,  175. 


subis,  Progne,  290. 
subruficollis,  Tryngites,  124. 
subvirgatus,  Passerherbulus  nelsoni, 

259. 

suckleyi,  Falco  columbarius,   165. 
suecica,  Cyanosylvia,  365. 
Sula,  60,  380. 

sulcirostris,  Crotophaga,  180. 
Sulidse,  60,  380. 

sulphuratus,  Pitangus,  209,  210. 
superbus,  Cardinalis  cardinalis,  282. 
superbus,  Meleagris,  388. 
Surf-bird,  131. 
surinamensis,    Hydrochelidon   nigra, 

47. 

Surnia,  176. 
swainsoni,  Buteo,  159. 
swainsoni,  Helinaia,  305. 
swainsoni,  Hylocichla  ustulata,  361. 
swainsoni,  Vireosylva  gilva,  299. 
Swallow,  Bahama,  294. 

Bank,  294. 

Bam,  292. 

Cliff,  291. 

Cuban  Cliff,  292. 

European,  292. 

Lesser  Cliff,  291. 

Mexican  Cliff,  292. 

Northern  Violet-green,  293. 

Rough- winged,  295. 

San  Lucas,  294. 

Tree,  293. 
Swan,  Trumpeter,  89. 

Whistling,  89. 

Whooper,  89. 
Swift,  Black,  200. 

Chimney,  200. 

Vaux's,  201. 

White-throated,  201. 
Sylviidje,  355,  374. 
Sylviinae,  355. 
Synthliboramphus,  29. 

TACHINA,  Petrochelidon  lunifrons,  291 . 
Tachybaptus,  23. 
Tachycineta,  293. 


426 


INDEX. 


Tachytriorchis,  159. 
tahitiensis,  Numenius,  125. 
Tanager,  Cooper's,  290. 

Gray's,  373. 

Hepatic,  289. 

Scarlet,  289. 

Summer,  289. 

Western,  288. 
Tangaridse,  288,  373. 
Tangavius,  232. 
Tatler,  Wandering,  122. 
Teal,  Blue- winged,  71. 

Cinnamon,  71. 

European,  70. 

Green- winged,  70. 
telephonus,  Cuculus  canorus,  182. 
Telmatodytes,  342. 
Telmatornis,  385. 
tener,  Ichthyornis,  376. 
tenuirostris,  Puffinus,  53. 
tephrocotis,  Leucosticte,  246. 
Teratornis,  389. 
Teratornithidse,  389. 
Tern,  Aleutian,  45. 

Arctic,  44. 

Black,  47. 

Bridled,  46. 

Cabot's,  43. 

Caspian,  42. 

Common,  44. 

Elegant,  43. 

Forster's,  44. 

Gull-billed,  42. 

Least,  45. 

Roseate,  45. 

Royal,  43. 

Sooty,  46. 

Trudeau's,  44. 

White-winged,  47. 

terraenovse,  Dry o  bates  villosus,  186. 
terrestris,  Chsemepelia  passerina,  150. 
Tetraonidse,  137,  387. 
texana,  Aphelocoma,  224. 
texana,  Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata,  283. 
texanus,  Colinus  virginianus,  134. 
texensis,  Chordeiles  acutipennis,  199. 
Thalasseus,  42. 


Thalassidroma,  56. 
thalassina,  Tachycineta,  293. 
Thalassogeron,  49. 
Thrasher,  Bendire's,  333. 

Brown,  332. 

California,  334. 

Crissal,  334. 

Curve-billed,  332. 

Desert,  334. 

Leconte's,  334. 

Mearns's,  333 

Palmer's,  333. 

Sage,  330. 

San  Lucas,  333. 

Sennett's,  332. 
Thrush,  Alaska  Hermit,  361. 

Audubon's  Hermit,  362. 

Bicknell's,  360. 

Dwarf  Hermit,  362. 

Gray-cheeked,  360. 

Hermit,  362. 

Monterey  Hermit,  362. 

Northern  Varied,  365. 

Olive-backed,  361. 

Red-winged,  363. 

Russet-backed,  361. 

Sierra  Hermit,  362. 

Varied,  364. 

Willow,  360. 

Wood,  359. 
Thryomanes,  338. 
Thyothorus,  337. 
thurberi,  Junco  hyemalis,  267. 
thyroides,  Sphyrapicus,  191. 
Tiaris,  287. 

tigrina,  Dendroica,  310. 
Tinnunculus,  165. 
tinnunculus,  Falco,  166. 
Titmouse,  Ashy,  348. 

Black-crested,  347. 

Bridled,  348. 

Gray,  348. 

Plain,  348. 

Sennett's,  348. 

Tufted,  347. 

togata,  Bonasa  umbellus,  140. 
tolmiei,  Oporornis,  321. 


INDEX. 


427 


torda,  Alca,  32. 
torquata,  Ceryle,  184. 
Totanus,  120. 
totanus,  Totanus,  371. 
Towhee,  279. 

Abert's,  281. 

Anthony's,  281. 

Arctic,  279. 

California,  281. 

Canon,  281 . 

Green-tailed,  282. 

Guadalupe,  280. 

Large-billed,  280. 

Oregon,  280. 

San  Clemente,  280. 

San  Diego,  280. 

San  Lucas,  281. 

Spurred,  280. 

White-eyed,  279. 
townsendi,  Dendroica,  317. 
townsendi,  Junco  hyemalis,  268. 
townsendi,  Lagopus  rupestris,  142. 
townsendi,  Myadestes,  359. 
townsendi,  Passerella  iliaca,  278. 
townsendi,  Plectrophenax  nivalis,  251 . 
townsendi,  Spiza,  372. 
Toxostoma,  332. 
trailli,  Empidonax,  215,  216. 
Tree-duck,  Black-bellied,  88. 

Fulvous,  88. 
trichas,  Geothlypis,  322. 
trichopsis,  Otus,  174. 
tricolor,  Agelaius,  235. 
tricolor,  Hydranassa,  97. 
tricolor,  Steganopus,  108. 
tridactyla,  Rissa,  35. 
Tringa,  112. 

tristis,  Anas  rubripes,  370. 
tristis,  Astragalinus,  248. 
Trochili,  201. 
Trochilidae,  201. 
Troglodytes,  340. 
Troglodytidse,  335 
Trogon,  183. 

Trogon,  Coppery-tailed,  183. 
Trogones,  183. 


Trogonidae,  183. 
troille,  Uria,  31. 
Tropic-bird,  Red-billed,  59. 

Red-tailed,  60. 

Yellow-billed,  59. 
Troupial,  372. 
trudeaui,  Sterna,  44. 
Tryngites,  123. 
Tubinares,  48,  380. 
turati,  Dryobates  pubescens,  187. 
Turdida3,  358. 
Turdinse,  359. 
Turdus,  363. 
Turkey,  Florida,  146. 

Merriam's,  145. 

Rio  Grande,  146. 

Wild,  145. 

turneri,  Penthestes  atricapillus,  349. 
Turnstone,  131. 

Black,  132. 

Ruddy,  131. 
Tympanuchus,  143. 
Tyrannidae,  207. 
Tyrannus,  208. 
tyrannus,  Muscivora,  207. 
tyrannus,  Tyrannus,  208. 
tzacatl,  Amizilis,  205. 

UINTORNIS,  391. 

ulula,  Surnia,  176. 

umbelloides,   Bonasa  umbellus,   140. 

umbellus,  Bonasa,  139,  140. 

umbrosus,  Palseoborus,  389. 

unalaschensis,  Passerella  iliaca,  277. 

unicinctus,  Parabuteo,  157. 

unicolor,  Cinclus  mexicanus,  330. 

Uranomitra,  206. 

urbica,  Chelidonaria,  294. 

Uria,  31,  379. 

Urile,  63. 

urile,  Phalacrocorax,  64. 

urophasianus,  Centrocercus,  145. 

uropygialis,  Centurus,  194. 

usnese,  Compsothlypis  americana,  309. 

ustulata,  Hylocichla,  361. 

Urubitinga,  160. 


428 


INDEX. 


urubu,  Catharista,  153. 

VAGANS,  Palseotringa,  386. 

validus,  Ichthyornis,  376. 

valisineria,  Mania,  74. 

vallicola,  Lophortyx  calif ornica,  136. 

Vanellus,  126. 

vanellus,  Vanellus,  126. 

varia,  Mniotilta,  304. 

varia,  Strix,  170. 

varius,  Sphyrapicus,  190. 

vauxi,  Chaetura,  201. 

Veery,  359. 

vegae,  Larus,  38. 

velox,  Accipiter,  155. 

velox,  Graculavus,  381. 

venustus,  Aletornis,  385. 

Verdin,  354. 

Cape,  354. 
Vermivora,  306. 
vermivorus,  Helmitheros,  306. 
versicolor,  Passerina,  286. 
verticalis,  Tyrannus,  209. 
vespertina,  Hesperiphona,  240,  241. 
vetula,  Ortalis,  146. 
vetus,  Palaeotringa,  386. 
victor,  Ichthyornis,  376. 
vicinior,  Vireo,  303. 
vigorsi,  Dendroica,  318. 
vigua,  Phalacrocorax,  63. 
villosus,  Dryobates,  185. 
violacea,  Nyctanassa,  99. 
vioscae,  Columba  fasciata,  147. 
virens,  Dendroica,  317. 
virens,  Icteria,  324. 
virens,  Myiochanes,  213. 
Vireo,  301. 
Vireo,  Anthony's.  303. 

Bell's,  303. 

Black-capped,  301. 

Black-whiskered,  298. 

Blue-headed..  300. 

Bermuda,  302 

Cassin's,  300. 

Frazar's,  303. 

Gray,  303. 


Vireo,  Button's,  302. 

Key  West,  302. 

Least,  303. 

Mountain,  301. 

Philadelphia,  299. 

Plumbeous,  300. 

Red-eyed,  298. 

San  Lucas,  301. 

Small  White-eyed,  302. 

Stephens's,  302. 

Texas,  303. 

Warbling,  299. 

Western  Warbling,  299. 

White-eyed,  301. 

Yellow-green,  299. 

Yellow-throated,  300. 
Vireonidae,  298. 
Vireosylva,  298. 
virescens,  Butorides,  98. 
virescens,  Empidonax,  215. 
virgata,  Aphriza,  131. 
virginise,  Vermivora,  307. 
virginianus,  Bubo,  175. 
virginianus,  Chordeiles,  198. 
virginianus,  Colinus,  134. 
virginianus,  Rallus,  103. 
v-nigra,  Somateria,  80. 
vociferans,  Tyrannus,  209. 
vociferus,  Antrostomus,  196. 
vociferus,  Aramus,  101. 
vociferus,  Oxyechus,  128. 
vulgaris,  Sturnus,  230. 
Vulture,  Black,  153. 

California,  152. 

King,  371. 
Turkey,  152. 

WAGTAIL,  Alaska  Yellow,  328. 

Swinhoe's,  327. 

White,  327. 
Warbler,  Alaska  Yellow,  311. 

Audubon's,  313. 

Bachman's,  306. 

Bay-breasted,  314. 

Black  and  White,  304. 

Blackburnian,  315. 


INDEX. 


429 


Warbler,  Black-fronted,  313. 
Black-poll,  315. 
Black-throated  Blue,  312. 
Black-throated  Gray,  316. 
Black-throated  Green,  317. 
Blue  Mountain,  373. 
Blue-winged,  306. 
Cairns's,  312. 
Calaveras,  308. 
California  Yellow,  311. 
Canada,  325. 
Cape  May,  310. 
Carbonated,  373. 
Cerulean,  314. 
Chestnut-sided,  314. 
Connecticut,  321. 
Dusky,  308. 
Golden-cheeked,  316. 
Golden  Pileolated,  325. 
Golden-winged,  307. 
Grace's,  316. 
Hermit,  317. 
Hooded,  324. 
Kennicott's  Willow,  355. 
Kentucky,  320. 
Kirtland's,  317. 
Lucy's,  307. 
Lutescent,  308. 
Macgillivray's,  321. 
Magnolia,  313. 
Mangrove,  312. 
Mourning,  321. 
Myrtle,  312. 
Nashville,  307. 
Northern  Parula,  309. 
Olive,  310. 

Orange-crowned,  308. 
Palm,  318. 
Parula,  309. 
Pileolated,  325. 
Pine,  318. 
Prairie,  319. 
Prothonotary,  305. 
Red-faced,  327. 
Sennett's,  310. 
Small-headed,  373. 


Warbler,  Sonora  Yellow,  311. 

Swainson's,  305. 

Sycamore,  316. 

Tennessee,  309. 

Townsend's,  317. 

Virginia's,  307. 

Wilson's,  325. 

Worm-eating,  306. 

Yellow,  311. 

Yellow  Palm,  318. 

Yellow-throated,  315. 
wardi,  Ardea  herodias,  96. 
waynei,  Rallus  crepitans,  102. 
Water-Thrush,  319. 

Grinnell's,  320. 

Louisiana,  324. 
Water-Turkey,  61. 
Waxwing,  Bohemian,  295. 

Cedar,  296. 
welchi,  Lagopus,  142. 
Wheatear,  366. 

Greenland,  366. 
Whimbrel,  125. 
Whip-poor-will,  196. 

Stephens' s,  197. 
whitneyi,  Micropallas,  178. 
Widgeon,  European,  69. 
Willet,  122. 

Western,  122. 
Wilsonia,  324. 
wilsonianus,  Asio,  169. 
wilsonius,  Ochthodromus,  130. 
wollweberi,  Baeolophus,  348. 
Woodcock,  110. 

European,  109. 

woodhousei,  Aphelocoma,  224. 
Woodpecker,  Alaska  Three-toed,  190. 

Alpine  Three-toed,  190. 

Arctic  Three-toed,  189. 

Arizona,  188. 

Ant-eating,  192. 

Batchelder's,  187. 

Cabanis's,  186. 

California,  193. 

Downy,  187. 

Gairdner's,  187. 


430 


INDEX. 


Woodpecker,  Gila,  194. 

Golden-fronted,  194. 

Hairy,  185. 

Harris's,  186. 

Ivory-billed,  185. 

Lewis's,  193. 

Narrow-fronted,  193. 

Nelson's  Downy,  187. 

Newfoundland,  186. 

Northern  Hairy,  185. 

Northern  Pileated,  192. 

Nuttall's,  188. 

Pileated,  192. 

Queen  Charlotte,  186. 

Red-bellied,  193. 

Red-cockaded,  188. 

Red-headed,  192. 

Rocky  Mountain,  186. 

San  Lucas,  188. 

Southern  Downy,  187. 

Southern  Hairy,  186. 

Texas,  188. 

Three-toed,  189. 

White-headed,  189. 

Willow,  187. 
wortheni,  Spizella,  265. 
Wren,  Alaska,  341. 

Aleutian,  341. 

Baird's,  339. 

Bewick's,  338. 

Bryant's  Cactus,  335. 

Cactus,  335. 

Canon,  337. 

Carolina,  337. 

Dotted  Canon,  337. 

Florida,  338. 

Guadalupe,  339. 

Guadalupe  Rock,  336. 

House,  340. 

Kadiak  Winter,  341. 

Lomita,  338. 

Long-billed  Marsh,  342. 

Marian's  Marsh,  343. 

Prairie  Marsh,  343. 

Rock,  336. 

San  Clemente,  339. 

San  Diego,  339. 


Wren,  San  Lucas  Cactus,  335. 

Seattle,  339. 

San  Nicolas  Rock,  336. 

Short-billed  Marsh,  342. 

Texas,  339. 

Tute,  343. 

Vigors's,  338. 

Western  House,  340. 

Western  Marsh,  343. 

Western  Winter,  341. 

White-throated,  337. 

Winter,  341. 

Worthington's  Marsh,  343. 
Wren-Tit,  354. 

Coast.,  355. 

Pallid,  355. 

Ruddy,  355. 

wrighti,  Empidonax,  217. 
wyomingensis,  Gallinuloides,  388. 

XANTHOCEPHALUS,  232. 
xanthocephalus,  Xanthocephalus 

232. 

Xanthoura,  226. 
xantusi,  Basilinna,  206. 
xantusi,  Otus,  174. 
Xema,  41. 
Xenopicus,  189. 

YELLOW-LEGS,  120. 

Greater,  120. 
Yellow-throat,  Belding's,  323. 

Florida,  322. 

Maryland,  322. 

Pacific,  323. 

Rio  Grande,  323. 

Salt  Marsh,  323. 

Western,  322. 
Yphantes,  237. 

ZAMELODIA,  284. 

zelotes,  Certhia  familiaris,  345. 

Zenaida,  149. 

zenaida,  Zenaida,  149. 

Zenaidura,  148. 

Zonotrichia,  261. 


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